Gray Forest Soils Research Articles

Reproduction of potential fertility of gray forest soil using elements of biological agriculture technologies

Reproduction of potential fertility of gray forest soil using elements of biological agriculture technologies

Влияние бобовых культур и удобрений на продуктивность севооборотов и плодородие почвы

Abstract. The purpose of researches is influence legume crops and mineral fertilizers on crop rotation productivity and soil fertility elements in the conditions of Kaluga region. Methods. The research was carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on gray forest medium loamy soil. The laying of field experience, observations, records and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methodological recommendations. Results. It was found that the studied factors had an insignificant effect on the weed propensity, which, against the background of mineral fertilizers and with an increase in the share of legumes in the structure, was slightly higher. On average, during the fourth rotation, the highest crop productivity was obtained in a crop rotation with 40% saturation with legumes, both against the background of fertilization (38.6 c/ha of grain units) and without their use (32.6 c/ha of grain units). Applying of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in crop rotation productivity by 18–24 %. On average, for crop rotations, 6.4 c/ha of grain units or 22 % were obtained by applying mineral fertilizers in addition to a background without fertilizers. It’s noted that use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the change some indicators of soil fertility. Availability of exchangeable forms potassium increased by 27 % and mobile phosphorus by 54 % compared to options without fertilizers. And in comparison with the initial state, the content of K2O without fertilizers increased by 17 and by 54 mg/kg of soil against the background of their use, and the content of P2O5 decreased by 27 mg/kg of soil and increased by 66 mg/kg, respectively. With an increase in the share of legumes in the structure of crop rotations from 30 % to 60 %, there was a slight increase in soil fertility, especially against the background of mineral fertilizers. Scientific novelty. The issues of influence legumes and mineral fertilizers on productivity of the fourth rotation of crop rotations and elements soil fertility were considered.

Effectiveness of applying the preparation Tropikanka 1 on potatoes in the forest steppe of the Obie region

The results of complex experiments to study the effectiveness of using the drug Tropikanka 1 on early potatoes of the Vega variety are presented. The studies were conducted in arid conditions on grey forest soils of the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. Before planting, the tubers were soaked for 15 minutes in a solution of Tropikanka 1 with a dilution of 1:50 depending on the options: 1:100, 1:200 and without using the drug with soaking in water (control). The research aims to develop methods for using the environmentally friendly organic fertiliser Tropikanka 1 to stimulate the growth and development of potatoes, increasing their yield and product quality. It was established that on grey forest heavy loamy soil of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region under conditions of acute moisture deficiency in May, June and early July 2023, the use of pre-planting soaking of early potato tubers of the Vega variety for 15 minutes in a solution of Tropikanka 1 fertiliser, obtained based on bird droppings, accelerated the growth and development of potatoes by seven days compared to the control (using water). The largest area of potato leaves was observed against the background of pre-planting treatment of tubers with Tropikanka 1 at a dilution of 1:100, exceeding the control by 1.8 times. The yield of early potato production (the beginning of the third decade of July) with a dilution of the drug 1: 100 is 1.7 times higher than the control. The total yield against the background of soaking tubers with Tropikanka 1 fertiliser for the Vega variety when diluting the drug 1: 100 reached up to 33.8 t/ha, which is 38% higher than the control. At the same time, the yield of marketable products increased to 30 t/ha, exceeding the control by 52 %. The quality indicatorsof commercial products also improved. When the drug was diluted 1:100, there was an increase in starch content by 0.2 %. The concentration of nitrates during the use of the medication is 6.5 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration for potatoes.

Почвенный покров и гумусное состояние пахотных почв Предволжья Республики Татарстан

The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of the humus state of arable soils in connection with the distribution features of soil types and subtypes in the municipal regions of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). The territory of the Volga region occupies 1014.3 thousand hectares, which is about 15% of the area of the Republic of Tatarstan. The Volga region includes 8 municipal districts: Apastovsky, Buinsky, Verkhneuslonsky, Drozhzhanovsky, Zelenodolsky, Kaybitsky, Kamsko-Ustinsky and Tetyushsky. The results of soil and agrochemical surveys conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution CAS “Tatarsky” over the past 35 years are summarized. For the first time, arable soils of the studied region were examined for humus content in 1986-1990. (IV cycle of agrochemical examination). The determination of humus was carried out according to the method of I.V. Tyurin as modified by TsINAO (GOST 26213-91). It has been established that the soil cover of two municipal districts (Buinsky and Drozhzhanovsky) is dominated by highly fertile chernozems, and the remaining six districts are dominated by gray forest soils. A comparison of the distribution of the main soil types in the Volga region and in the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole shows that the region under study appears to be a miniature copy of Tatarstan: in both cases, gray forest soils are dominant, and chernozems are subdominant. It is noted that over 35 years, the area of arable land in the region has decreased by 57 thousand hectares, presumably due to the withdrawal of less fertile land from agricultural use. It is indicated that this circumstance to a certain extent stabilized the humus state of the soils remaining in the arable land. The weighted average content of humus in the arable layer according to the cycles of agrochemical survey of soils in the studied region varied from 4.42 to 4.82%, however, these fluctuations turned out to be statistically insignificant (r = -0.06). There was a positive correlation and the highest degree of dependence of the weighted average humus content on the total share of chernozem and dark gray forest soils (R²=0.96).

Формирование урожайности клубней картофеля в зависимости от площади питания на серой лесной почве Республика Татарстана

Realization of the potential potato yield (35-40 t/ha) in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region is possible only with the introduction of adapted highly productive varieties and the use of varietal agricultural technology. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of area and nutrition on the productivity of the new early ripening potato variety Arosa. It was established that in the flowering phase there was an intensive growth, and the mass of the tubers was quite high and, depending on the planting density, it ranged from 121 to 148 g/bush. The pattern of decreasing tuber weight per course as planting density increased continued until harvesting. Before harvesting, it was 38,1 thousand - 845 g at planting density; 44,4 thousand - 778 g; 53,3 thousand - 675 g; 88,9 thousand tubers/ha - 444 g/bush or 401 g lower compared to the planting density of 38,1 thousand tubers/ha. It was revealed that on gray forest soils, as the number of planted tubers increased from 38,1 to 88,9 thousand pieces/ha, the yield of potato tubers of the Arosa variety increased from 30,45 to 36,65 t/ha, and the collection of starch from 4,46 to 5,53 t/ha. However, the maximum yield excluding seeds of 32,60 t/ha had a clearly defined maximum at a certain optimal planting rate – 53,3 thousand tubers/ha.

Оценка питательности различных видов кормов, заготовленных из кукурузы, в зависимости от уровня химизации и почвенного покрова Республики Татарстан

It is known that from the same corn plant material one can prepare silage, cornage, flattened grain or grain for fodder. Each of them contains completely different amounts of nutrients and a wide range of gross feed units. The research results show a direct dependence of the choice of method of using corn on the zonal characteristics of the soil cover, the existing level of chemicalization and the power supply of agricultural units of the Republic of Tatarstan. It should also be particularly emphasized the high efficiency of the integrated use of agrochemicals on leached chernozems of the Republic of Tatarstan. Despite 5 years of liming, phosphorite treatment, the use of zeolite, and the application of NPK with the expectation of obtaining 35 t/ha of green mass, 10.6 t/ha of additional products were obtained, which is 34.6 percent higher than the control. In this version of the experiment, agromeliorants ensured the production of 41.2 t/ha of green mass versus 33.8 t/ha with the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers without prior liming and phosphorite treatment in combination with the use of a prolongator (zeolite) at the rate of 0.5 t/ha. It was also revealed that for the production of flattened grain or cornage with a gross harvest of feed units of 7.94-8.82 t/ha on leached chernozem soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, which account for 83,103 hectares of arable land, the integrated use of agromeliorants and calculated norms of minerals for corn is recommended fertilizers Liming of acidic dark gray and gray forest soils with phosphorite treatment and the addition of zeolite in combination with the use of calculated rates of mineral fertilizers ensures an increase in the gross collection of feed units in corn silage from 4.22 to 6.13 and 3.34 to 5.86 t/ha respectively.

Agroecological assessment of fallow soils in the north‐west of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Aim. To analyse samples of fallow soils in the north‐west of the Republic of Bashkortostan in order to identify the main characteristics and properties of the soil cover. Material and Methods. Field studies were carried out in November 2021 and August 2022. A key site was chosen, an abandoned agricultural land in the territory of the Nizhnekaryshevsky village council of the Baltachevsky district. During the work, 45 soil samples were taken from the PY horizon (depth 10–20 cm). A morphological description of the soil was also carried out for the key area studied. During laboratory studies, the following properties were investigated: actual acidity, potential acidity, organic matter content, basal soil respiration. Results. The results obtained showed the spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of soil cover properties (actual and potential acidity, basal respiration, carbon and humus content) in the study area. Such heterogeneity is formed under the influence of a complex of physical and geographical factors. Conclusion. In the future, our research will also be devoted to the study of fallow lands on grey forest soils. Emphasis should be placed on studying the relationship between soil cover properties and plant communities and geological and geomorphological conditions. The study of various physical and geographical factors affecting the soil cover will make it possible to describe in more detail the entire mechanism and evolution of soils of abandoned agricultural lands.

CO2 at introduction of fallow into circulation on gray forest soil

The work is devoted to research of CO2 emission dynamics on fallow lands of 5-10 years of age. The purpose was to study the amount of CO2 emission from gray forest soil at different technologies of fallow land introduction into agricultural turnover in the sub-boreal forest of Western Siberia. Technologies of fallow land introduction into turnover have a significant influence on CO2 emission. Spring wheat was cultivated on experimental plots under 2 technologies (methods) of fallow land introduction into turnover. In comparison with fallow land, CO2 emission increased by 1.35 times at agrotechnical technology (with pre-sowing tillage). At combined technology (direct sowing) - 1.18 times. The agrotechnical technology of fallow land restoration contributed to higher CO2 emission (than the combined technology), probably due to higher intensity of soil tillage during fallow land restoration with this technology and increased aeration and microbiological activity in the soil layer. On the basis of the data obtained on carbon dioxide emission from gray forest soils in the sub-boreal forest, models of soil CO2 emission depending on the applied technology of fallow land conversion were developed.

Assessment of hydrophobic properties of oil-contaminated soils using the «Water Spot» method

The aim of the study was to assess the hydrophobicity degree of oil-contaminated soils using the Water Spot method. Location and time of the study. The study was carried out in 2024 in laboratory conditions with typical chernozem and gray forest soil. Methods. The sieved (2 mm, air-dried and milled soil samples were amended with oil in amounts needed to established the chosen concentration (0, 0,2, 0,5, 1, 3 and 5% on the mass basis). Then hexane and distilled water were added to reduce oil viscosity and increase soil moisture, respectively. After two days of incubating soil, sodium fluorescein solution was added onto the sample surface to visualize spot boundaries. The images were taken in a dark place under the ultraviolet light. To determine the effectiveness of chitosan (as a natural sorbent), a second series of experiments was performed in the same setup, but with chitosan addition, followed with two days incubation. Sodium fluorescein was then applied, and the area of the resulting spot was imaged. The resulted images were processed using the CorelDRAW software and the Microsoft Excel analysis package. Results. Oil contamination of soils usually disturbs the water regime. Increase in petroleum products content from 0,5 to 5% leads to decrease in absorbency and the area of the water spot on the soil surface. After treating the contaminated soil samples with 0,1% chitosan solution, the water spot area increased on average by 43% on the gray forest soil, and by 6% on typical chernozem. With a twofold increase in the concentration of chitosan solution, the water spot area increased on the gray forest soil by an average of 48% and by 46% on typical chernozem. Thus chitosan solution can be used as a sorbent when soil is contaminated with oil products. Conclusions. The water spot method is reproducible, simple, and can be used to assess soil contamination with petroleum products. The results show that with an increase in the degree of pollution, a decrease in the area of the water spot on the soil is observed.

The intensity of accumulation of heavy metals by the vegetative mass of sunflower on gray forest soils in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

The intensity of accumulation of heavy metals by the vegetative mass of sunflower on gray forest soils in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Stimulation of growth processes and productivity of grain crops in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of three years of research (2021-2023) are presented to study the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops (spring wheat, spring barley and oats) to regulate growth and development, increase yields and improve product quality. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk Ob region (JSC Irmen breeding plant, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region) and on gray forest soil (TPP “Michurintsev Garden”). The varieties of grain crops (spring wheat Licamero, spring barley Paustian and oats – Max) were studied. An increase in leaf area parameters was established against the background of the use of preparations for treating seeds with subsequent spraying of plants in the tillering phase with the following growth regulators Siliplant 0.01% (based on chelate forms), Epin-Extra 0.005%, Zircon 0.005%, Toro Combi 0.02% solution and Turmax 0.025% (chelate forms of macro and microelements). It was shown that the use of growth regulators increased the rate of growth and development, productivity and product quality. It was statistically established that the yield of grain crops depended on the elements - 38%, the crop under study - 31%, growth regulators and year conditions by 24%.

The influence of liquid mineral fertilizers on the productivity of fodder beet in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The paper presents data on the study of the effect of liquid mineral fertilizers on the productivity of fodder beet in the Republic of Bashkortostan on gray forest soils. The object of research was the Saharnaya rounded 0143 variety, zoned in the Ural region, its predecessor being winter wheat. An analysis was carried out of the dynamics of yield, dry matter content, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash under the influence of liquid mineral fertilizers -Isagri Vita and Izagri Bor. Results for the collection of feed units, digestible protein and feed protein units are shown. The yield and prospects for growing fodder beet using liquid mineral fertilizers in the Republic of Bashkortostan are assessed and the profitability of cultivation is calculated.

Assessment of protective forest plantations on gray forest and sod-podzolic soils of the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Assessment of protective forest plantations on gray forest and sod-podzolic soils of the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Properties of dark gray forest soil in the cultivation of cereals according to various basic processing systems

The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of various systems of basic dark gray forest soil processing with prolonged use on the transformation of the most important fertility elements. The results of prolonged (1988-2022) exposure to processing systems in the grain-steam crop rotation are presented: dead fallow, winter rye, spring wheat, spring barley, in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation. The basic tillage systems were compared: dump, non-dump, combined, differentiated, flat-cut, surface. The peculiarities of the transformation of fertility elements under prolonged exposure to basic processing systems of varying intensification degrees are determined. It was found that the long-term use of basic treatment systems of varying minimization degrees in conditions of complex chemicalization ensured the formation of water-physical properties, nutritional conditions and phytosanitary conditions in their values slightly inferior or close to the control version of the dump processing system. Tillage systems with minimization elements reduced the energy efficiency coefficient in comparison with the dump system against the background of fertilizer application by 4.5‑11.5%, against the background without fertilizers – by 7.7‑18.4%. The lowest decrease in efficiency in comparison with the dump processing system for both nutrient backgrounds was for the combined processing system – 4.5‑7.7 %.

Features of cultivation of monoecious drug-free hemp in Western Siberia

The results of research conducted in 2022-2023 on the heavy loamy gray forest soil of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia are presented. The experiments were fixed in the Moshkovsky district of the Novosibirsk region. The purpose of the research was to develop technology elements for the cultivation of monoecious Central Russian hemp in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The following varieties were studied: Rodnik (standard), Vera, Nadezhda, and Surskaya. The soil of the experiment plots is heavy loamy gray forest with a humus content of 3.39% at pH 6.43. There was 16 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus - 14.8, and exchangeable potassium - 12.8 mg/100g of soil. Meteorological conditions during the years of the research differed both in temperature and in the amount of precipitation. During the growing season, 336 mm of precipitation fell in 2022 and only 306 mm in 2023. In terms of heat supply, conditions in 2023 were closer to the average long-term. The experiments were carried out on plots with an accounting area of 9.6 m2, the repetition was fourfold, the placement was randomized. It is shown that in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, it is effective to cultivate varieties of Central Russian monoecious hemp on heavy loamy gray forest soil: Rodnik, Vera, Nadezhda, and Surskaya. For hemp cultivation for seeds, a norm of 1.1 million of germinating seeds per 1 hectare should be applied providing a yield of 1.78 t/ha. The fat yield reached 280 kg/ha in the Surskaya variety. The fiber yield was higher with a seeding rate of 3.1 and 3.4 million of germinating seeds per 1 hectare at the level of 0.151 t/ha. With a fiber content of 33.2%. The effectiveness of three-time application of growth regulators Epin-Extra and Zircon, chelated micronutrients Siliplant, Toro Combi, and Turmax on monoecious hemp (seed treatment, during vegetation in the phase of 3-4 real leaves and budding) is shown.

Assessment of the long-term effect of Miscanthus sacchariflorus growth on soil properties

The aim of the study was to assess the effectt of different-age plantations of Miscanthus sacchariflorus cv. Soranovsky on the gray forest soil properties in the forest-steppe of West Siberia, Russia. Location and time of the study. The experimental part of the research was carried out at the Research Experimental Station of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS (Novosibirsk) in 2018-2020. Methodology. The methods employed in the stydu were the most common ones for chemical and physical analyses of soils and plant samples. Results. Differently aged plantations of Miscanthus sacchariflorus allowed obtaining 12-15 tons of dry mass per 1 hectare for 14 or more years without reducing the productivity. Miscanthus sacchariflorus can grow effectively in soils with low fertility. The humus content in light-textured soil increased by 0.3-0.4% over 11 years of Miscanthus growth, as compared with the fallow soil. Miscanthus sacchariflorus plantations showed a positive environment-forming effect, favourably affecting ecological and agronomic soil properties of the agrocenoses. Conclusions. Miscanthus has broad adaptation potential in relation to low-fertility lands, preventing their progressive degradation, improving the ecological and agrochemical state of the ecosystems and facilitating agronomic production. Miscanthus has a beneficial environment-forming effect on low-fertility soils by enriching them with mineral nutrients and improving their humus and texture condition.

Complex water-soluble microelements fertilizer effectiveness on grain yields

Microelement fertilizers (boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, etc.) play an important role in modern crop production technologies to increase yields and product quality, along with macro fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Microelements are needed by plants in very small quantities - their content is one thousandth of a percent of the plant mass. However, each of them has a strictly defined function in metabolism and plant nutrition and cannot be replaced by any other element. Microelements are part of a large number of enzymes. Due to redox processes, enzymes regulate plant respiration, under their influence the chlorophyll content increases, photosynthesis improves, assimilative activity of plants increases. Microelements improve plant metabolism, eliminate functional disorders, activate physiological and biochemical processes. Under the action of microelements, the resistance of plants to fungal and bacterial diseases, to sudden changes in temperature and soil moisture, to winter conditions increases. The supply of microelements to plants is determined by the level of their presence in the soil. The purpose of the research - to determine the effectiveness of different types of application (seed treatment, crop treatment) of the complex water-soluble fertilizer with microelements Novofert on winter wheat crops, in the conditions of grey forest soils of the agricultural complex "Rus", Rylsky district, Kursk oblast.

Influence of biological fertilizers on the carrots cultivation and yield

Providing the country’s population with high-quality vegetables remains one of the priority areas for agricultural development. The task of agricultural science in solving this problem is to improve agrotechnological techniques and individual operations of soil cultivation, sowing and harvesting, as well as measures to protect against infections and pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using biofertilizers when cultivating carrots on gray forest soils of medium loamy granulometric composition. Small-plot experiments to improve the technology for cultivating carrots of the Losinoostrovskaya variety were carried out on the basis of the experimental collection site of the Chuvash State Agrarian University during 2022–2023. To stimulate the processes of growth and accumulation of plant biomass, three-time root and leaf feeding of vegetative plants with biological preparations Microbionic and Gumat EM was used. In the course of monitoring the growth processes of carrots, the accumulation of tops and root crops biomass, the authors recorded positive changes in the reduction of the duration of phenophases and a positive trend in increasing carrot yields. The timing of the onset of bunching and trimming ripeness in carrots in plots using root and leaf fertilizing with biological products was shifted by 2–5 days, the total biomass of aboveground mass and root crops was increased to 36%, the yield and marketability of finished products was up to 43% compared with a control group.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЗАЛЕЖНЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ НА ЗАСОРЕННОСТЬ ПОСЕВОВ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР И ИХ УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ В УСЛОВИЯХ НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The research was carried out for the purpose of comparative assessment of technologies for cultivating grain crops when introducing fallow lands into agricultural use. The work was carried out in 2016-2019 in Nizhny Novgorod region. The experimental design involved studying the following options: cultivation technology (factor A) - traditional (plowing in the fall to a depth of 22...24 cm with a Rade reversible plow + disking PM-6.4 at 12...14 cm + sowing with a RapidA 600C seeding unit); mini-till (disking PM-6.4 by 12...14 cm in 2 tracks + sowing with a RapidA 600C seeding unit); no-till (treatment with Tornado 500 herbicide at a dose of 3.0 l/ha + sowing with a Gherardi seeder); mineral fertilizers (factor B) – without fertilizers; nitrogen fertilizers (N50); green manure (factor C) – without green manure; sowing white mustard. Without green manure and fertilizers on light gray forest soil at the beginning of the growing season of grain crops (oats, barley, spring wheat, winter wheat), the total infestation of crops against the background of traditional cultivation technology was 25...34 pcs./m2, with mini-till technology - 42...49 pcs./m2, no-till - 119...194 pcs./m2, and when applying nitrogen fertilizers - 29...42, 42...56 and 116...168 pcs./m2, respectively. The use of white mustard as green manure reduced the overall weediness of crops using all technologies, both on unfertilized and fertilized backgrounds. Reducing the depth of tillage using green manure fallow against the background of N50 contributed to a decrease in the weediness of grain crops at the beginning of the growing season in the direction from traditional to mini-till and no-till technologies. By the time of harvesting, the infestation of crops decreased on all backgrounds. On light gray forest soil during fallow reclamation, traditional and minimal cultivation technologies provide higher total productivity of grain crops than with no-till technology. For green manure fallow without fertilizers it is higher than without green manure by 15.8...17.8%, with N50 - by 9.4...12.6%.

Динамика сроков наступления вегетационного периода по природно-почвенным зонам Алтайского края за 1955–2020 годы

Global climate changes observed over recent decades have determined the need for more detailed studies of agrometeorological indicator dynamics affecting biological agrophytocenoses productivity; it is important to identify the features of their manifestations in a specific area. Altai region is characterized by a wide range of natural environments due to the combination of lowland and mountainous areas that accumulate and redistribute solar radiation and precipitation on the Earth’s surface to varying extents. One of the key agroclimatic indicators is the length of the growing season, particularly its onset in spring. Research focuses on assessing the dynamics of the onset of the growing season in time (the time span of studies is 1955-2020) and predicting the onset of the growing season for natural zones in the future. To identify a possible shift in the onset dates of the growing season for specific natural zones over a long-term period, we devised two time groups (1955-1990 and 1991-2020) in accordance with the observations from the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It was revealed that in the zone of chestnut soils of dry steppes, on average for 1955-1990 and 1991-2020, there was a shift in the onset of the growing season to an earlier date, particularly 9 days earlier. The zone of chernozems in the arid and moderately arid steppe, as well as the zone of chernozems of leached and gray forest soils in the middle forest-steppe, podzolized and leached, dark gray and gray forest soils in the foothills of the Salair ridge, demonstrate a shift in the onset of the growing season by 7-8 days earlier. Low dynamics during the onset of the growing season (5 days only) were observed in the zone of chernozems of the foothill plains, foothills, and low mountains of Altai in two subzones: chernozems of the meadow steppe of the foothills and low mountains of Altai and chernozems of typical and leached meadow steppe of the foothills of Altai.