Climate change is already disrupting healthcare delivery with perioperative medicine, particularly pediatric anesthesia, being both highly exposed to climate-related shocks and a major contributor to healthcare-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This review examines how mitigation and resilience strategies can be integrated into pediatric anesthetic practice. Sustainability measures in pediatric anesthesia are currently actionable and clinically beneficial. Reducing the use of volatile anesthetics through low-flow techniques, avoiding N2O or desflurane, and increasing the adoption of total intravenous anesthesia lead to substantial reductions in GHG and are associated with better clinical outcomes. EEG-guided anesthesia further reduces unnecessary exposure to anesthetics and improves recovery profiles. The use of reusable warming drapes or the implementation of 10R policies can markedly reduce our footprint without compromising the quality of care. Sustainable pediatric anesthesia is achievable today and aligns with improved clinical outcomes. Translating evidence into routine practice remains a challenge. Patient safety primacy or entrenched clinical habits continue to slow the adoption of sustainable practices, even when supported by robust data. Success will depend on reframing sustainability as a core component of quality and safety, embedding it within guidelines and audit structures, and supporting clinicians, thereby enabling durable behavior change.

Sizing, economic analysis and optimisation of green hydrogen refuelling stations in a cluster of small islands

Enhancing combined composting with cattle slurry solids as a bulking agent: Synergistic improvements in earthworm performance, lignocellulose degradation, and greenhouse gas mitigation.

Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions assessment of an innovative biorefinery concept for the recovery of sustainable aviation fuel from food waste

Agricultural waste accumulation presents significant environmental challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions and ecological degradation. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) has emerged as a superior thermochemical strategy to valorise these residues into high-value biochar-based materials. Compared to conventional pyrolysis (CP), MAP provides unique advantages such as volumetric heating and precise structural control, enabling the synthesis of advanced carbon forms including biochar-derived graphene oxide (GO). This review systematically evaluates the fundamental mechanisms of MAP, emphasizing the influence of biomass composition and process parameters on the physicochemical properties of the resulting carbon. We highlight how MAP facilitates the fine-tuning of porosity, graphitization, and surface functionality, which are critical for high-end applications. Specifically, the review discusses the integration of these materials into additive manufacturing and their role as high-performance electrode modifiers in electrochemical sensors. A significant focus is placed on the emerging application of biochar-based coatings in providing anti-biofouling properties, which enhance the durability and efficiency of surfaces in marine and biomedical environments. Furthermore, we address technical bottlenecks in upscaling MAP and propose future research directions, such as optimizing process atmospheres to support a circular bioeconomy. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for transforming agricultural waste into functional carbon materials with diverse industrial applications. ● MAP offers fast, low-energy routes to value-added carbon materials. ● MAP conditions tune biochar porosity, graphitization, and surface functionality. ● Biochar and derived carbons enable composites, coatings, and sensing applications. ● Upscaling challenges and process limitations of MAP are critically assessed. ● Future directions include atmosphere control and underexplored MAP parameters.

Soil organic carbon sequestration potential and constraints in arid farmland under climate change: Evaluation based on an optimized process-based model.

Doxycycline-induced toxic perturbations on manure GHG potential: Phage-microbe interactions and BSF pretreatment mitigation.

Canary Islands' energy system relies on imported fossil fuels for more than 80% of its supply, leading to high costs, vulnerability, and elevated greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluates the energy and climate potential of pruning biomass generated across the archipelago using a species-based inventory combined with absorption/emission factors and lower calorific value (LCV). Results indicate an annual availability exceeding 650,000 t of dry biomass, corresponding to a gross energy potential of more than 2800 GWh/year and the avoidance of approximately 0.62 MtCO₂eq/year if recovered before decomposition. Pinus canariensis needle litter represents over 90% of the resource, while urban pruning contributes locally to waste management. The novelty of this work lies in the integrated assessment of energy potential, emissions mitigation, and land management, applied for the first time to the Canary Islands. Overall, pruning biomass emerges as a relevant local renewable resource for the island energy transition and the circular economy. • Canary Islands biomass could replace 31% fossil fuels • Pruning waste offers 2800 GWh yearly energy potential • Island biomass may reduce 0.62 MtCO₂eq emissions/year

Building cooling and heating account for around 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with a rising trend. While the growing cooling demand is largely met by chillers, decarbonization and electrification efforts are boosting the adoption of heat pumps. Both technologies rely on electricity-intensive vapor compression cycles, which contribute to environmental impacts and place stress on power grids. To mitigate these effects, previous research has suggested improving the performance of vapor compression systems (VCSs) through optimization and fault detection. In this regard, digital twins (DTs) offer a promising approach by enabling real-time simulation with minimal manual effort. However, their adoption in the building sector remains limited. This paper presents a systematic literature review of modeling methods for VCSs, discussing their strengths and limitations in the context of DT applications. Additionally, it introduces a set of evaluation criteria to analyze the performance of DTs. The findings highlight that (i) model selection is highly dependent on contextual factors such as load and weather variations, (ii) commonly used modeling methods often face challenges when applied to DT scenarios, and (iii) focusing only on error-based metrics may overlook other aspects such as generalizability, resiliency, scalability, and interpretability which might be crucial in final applications. These insights facilitate the development and validation of VCS DTs and supports their adaptation in the building sector. • A systematic review of existing modeling methods for vapor compression systems (VCSs) is conducted. • Strengths and limitations of VCS modeling methods are discussed in the context of digital twinning. • A structured set of evaluation criteria for DT-oriented modeling is introduced. • The importance and role of each evaluation criterion are discussed in relation to practical DT applications. • A case study comparing seven commonly used modeling methods in terms of accuracy, reliability, robustness, scalability, and interpretability is provided. • Results suggest that model selection should consider multiple aspects beyond accuracy alone.

Assessments on effects of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have shown wide-ranging health and exposure co-benefits in the United States (U.S.). However, the benefits of these policies may not be shared equally, and few studies have investigated differences in impacts across populations. We estimated exposure, health, and monetary benefits for various sociodemographic subpopulations, under several environmental justice indices, across three midwestern states (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio) at the census tract level. We estimated changes to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations across three sector-specific energy policy scenarios (high natural gas use, high electric vehicle uptake, building energy efficiency) and a business-as-usual policy case. Health impact function analyses were used to determine census-tract level changes in mortality, and value of statistical life (VSL) was used to determine the associated monetary impacts. All energy policies were estimated to reduce PM2.5 concentrations in 2050 compared to 2010 reference levels (1.55 to 1.70μg/m3 across policy projections, with avoided mortalities of 6010 (95% confidence interval 4093, 7396) to 6560 (4469, 8072), and mortality savings of $69.115 to $75.440 billion, with cost per capita between $2456 and $2681). Several subpopulations, including those with high educational isolation, the Black population, and those making <$75,000/year, had higher baseline expected mortality and higher projected avoided mortality compared to the overall population, indicating strong benefits for these groups. Our findings highlight the ability of climate change mitigation strategies to reduce exposure and mortalities in the Midwestern U.S. while directly benefitting certain disadvantaged populations.

Assessment of post-consumer plastic packaging waste flow in Chiang Mai: Challenges for low- and high-value plastic waste streams towards a circular economy

Ammonia (NH₃) is a versatile chemical, critical to agriculture and various industries. Today, ammonia is further regarded as one of the most promising carbon-free energy carriers in the net-zero hydrogen economy. Traditionally, the energy-intensive Haber Bosch process has been mainly used for producing ammonia by the thermocatalytic conversion of high-purity nitrogen and hydrogen, while also contributing to major greenhouse gas emissions due to dependence on fossil fuels. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) is a highly promising and attractive alternative roadmap to achieving clean and sustainable ammonia production under conditions that are sufficiently mild to be fully powered by renewable energy sources. However, the industrial adoption of e-NRR is currently hindered by its low ammonia yields, and poor selectivity resulting from the limited reactivity of nitrogen molecules and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte, respectively. To overcome these barriers, the development of efficient electrocatalysts for e-NRR is essential to the actual realization of this emerging ammonia production technology. Among various types of promising materials, earth-abundant Fe element presents a competitive edge for developing high-performance electrocatalytic N₂ reduction systems owing to its intrinsic activity, low cost, and ease of modification with other elements to form compounds with distinguished catalytic activity. Therefore, this review focuses on recent developments in Fe-based nanomaterials for ammonia synthesis through e-NRR. A detailed overview of the chemistry of e-NRR, its fundamentals, mechanisms, and experimental procedures is given along with ammonia detection methods and catalyst evaluation metrics. The main part of this review explored various kinds of Fe-based catalysts encompassing the oxides, hydroxides, bimetallic catalysts, single atom catalysts (SACs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and chalcogenides. The analysis and discussion revolved around key traits of the catalysts including synthesis protocol, structural features, surface properties and their correlation to catalytic activity based on experimental data and theoretical insights. Additionally, prevailing challenges and opportunities for further advancement of Fe-based e-NRR catalysts are provided.

Biogas generation potential and greenhouse gas emission saving potential from livestock manure: A state-level analysis for India

From syngas to food - high-moisture extrusion of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein into fibrous meat analogues.

Effects of freeze-thaw cycle on soil greenhouse gas emissions depend on freezing duration: A meta-analysis

Single straw return reduces greenhouse gas emissions from maize-growing soils in an 8-year continuous field trial

Copper speciation governs greenhouse gas emissions in manganese-modified biochar amended soil

Coupled greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient cycling in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir: A review

Increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a serious threat to the environment, especially in Jakarta, which in 2023 recorded emissions of 63 MtCO 2 e. This study aims to identify the primary factors contributing to GHG emissions in Jakarta, project emission trends until 2050 using pessimistic, optimistic, and net-zero scenarios, and formulate effective mitigation strategies. The variables used are electricity consumption, private vehicle use, industrial energy consumption, waste generation, population growth, green open space, and public transportation usage. The analysis was conducted using various forecasting methods, including multiple linear regression, ARIMA, ARIMAX, SARIMA, SARIMAX, Random Forest, and Multilayer Perceptron. Among these, the Multilayer Perceptron model achieved the highest predictive accuracy in long-term predictions. The results reveal that current mitigation efforts are insufficient to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, indicating the need for more aggressive interventions. Effective strategies include expanding green open space by 7% annually, reducing motorized vehicle use by 4%, lowering industrial energy consumption by 3%, improving waste treatment efficiency by 3%, and accelerating the transition to renewable energy. These findings highlight the urgency of enhancing climate action and provide a framework that can inform urban emission reduction strategies in other rapidly developing cities seeking sustainable, low-carbon futures. • How is the development the reduction of Greenhouse gas emission in Jakarta. • What is the important factor can effected the reduction of Greenhouse gas emission in Jakarta. • What is the best scenario that can effected the reduction of Greenhouse gas emission in Jakarta.

Valorization of phosphogypsum into carbon-neutral lime for soil lead immobilization