Carbon flow modeling for the global assessment of bio-based and biodegradable plastic packaging: end-of-life destinations, climate impact, and residual plastic in the environment.

The contribution of post-combustion CO 2 capture (PCC) to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been widely studied; however, differences in system boundaries and evaluation metrics hinder consistent comparisons across studies. Here, we analyzed GHG emissions from fossil-fueled power plants by systematically varying the system boundaries and functional units. Two bases were considered: electricity production and captured CO 2 . On the electricity basis, PCC retrofits reduced cradle-to-gate GHG emissions by approximately 50% compared with benchmark cases, thereby clarifying the mitigation potential across power systems. On the captured CO 2 basis, gate-to-gate accounting with direct CO 2 emissions revealed PCC could not achieve 70% of GHG emissions reduction in case of 90% of CO 2 capture rate due to additional utility consumption for CO 2 capture. Cradle-to-gate results clarified the relation between CO 2 capture and the energy transition. Of note, in decarbonized grid electricity scenario, PCC with liquified natural gas (LNG)-fired systems had worse cradle-to-gate GHG emissions than other systems due to unavoidable indirect emissions associated with LNG supply, resulting in 0.68 kg-CO 2 emit/kg-CO 2 cap. This study underscores the importance of appropriate boundaries and evaluation metrics and when evaluating PCC and provides guidance for the consistent assessment of CO 2 emission reduction technologies for carbon neutrality.

Unlocking circular economy potential in pig farming: Waste, impacts and pathways from Southeast Vietnam

Climate change is affecting ecosystems, communities, and human health worldwide. These changes pose risks to global energy systems so there is a dire need to combat climate change and limit global warming to 1.5°C. This study undertake global energy systems and forecasted total energy consumption, production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide for the study period 2021–2050 by taking the input data from 1970 to 2020 using the four algorithm’s namely, Holt Winter (HW), Exponential Smoothing (ES), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) implemented in Python. It is found that HW and ES have same forecast results globally with energy consumption of 236,285 TWh which can easily meet by 475,980 TWh generation until 2050. Renewables and fossil fuels contributed to 250,106 TWh units and 225,874 TWh units with 48 billion metric tons of GHG emissions until 2050. The global forecast of ARIMA model suggested that 232,878 TWh energy consumption is noticed which can easily meet by 446,126 TWh generation with 213,052 TWh share of renewables and 233,074 TWh of fossil fuels with 49 billion metric tons of GHG emissions produced until 2050. SARIMA model forecast is very much valuable for limiting global mean temperature to 1.5 °C. The global energy consumption is forecasted to be 231,022 TWh which easily meet by 350,054 TWh green energy generation potential with almost zero emissions until 2050 and it is found that SARIMA model has 98% of accuracy. • Python based algorithms are used to achieve clean energy targets globally (1970–2050). • Forecasted global energy consumption, production, and GHG emissions using holt winter, exponential smoothing, ARIMA and SARIMA. • By 2040, renewable energy is projected to 100% in global power mix under SARIMA model. • Global CO 2 emissions must decrease by 60% in 2035 and 100% in 2040 under SARIMA model. • The transition to sustainable energy system is expected to boost global GDP by 15% until 2040.

Urban park metagenomics highlights sediments as a potential hotspot for CH4 and N2O emission across diverse habitats.

The environmental impact of tibial fracture-related infections.

Identifying materials in tidal energy technology and their effects to human health, ecosystems, and resources: A life cycle assessment perspective

Agricultural and urban land use intensifies riverine GHG emissions across continents.

The hidden environmental footprint of fashion’s smallest parts

Rice production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing GHG emissions in this sector is essential for achieving the climate targets. However, little is known about the effectiveness of monetary incentives for promoting low-emission practices. This study investigated whether conditional monetary incentives could drive behavioral changes and GHG emission reductions among rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A field experiment was conducted with 200 farmers, applying difference-in-differences regression and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment models alongside behavioral indicators, namely, a change scale and a best practice scale. The results showed that monetary incentives had a limited effect on reducing GHG emissions as no statistically significant differences were observed between the treatment and control groups. However, moderate improvements were observed in low-emission practices, such as reducing the seed rate, nitrogen fertilizer, and pesticide spraying within the treatment group. The findings suggest that incentive-based programs should be combined with technical support, local stakeholder engagement, behavioral nudges, and robust monitoring systems. This study provides valuable insights into the limitations and design considerations of incentive interventions for low-emission rice production. • Behavioral changes measured using change and best practice scales • Farmers in the treatment group reduced seed, nitrogen, and pesticide use • Monetary incentives had limited effects on reducing GHG emissions • Effective incentives require support, nudges, and strong monitoring

The Impact of Restaurant Menu Eco Labels on Consumer Meal Selections: An RCT.

HVAC through a sufficiency Lens: Reframing comfort and energy demand in buildings

Utilizing performance-based energy consumption prediction methodology according to zero energy mandate system levels: A study on greenhouse gas reduction scenarios for non-residential buildings in Goyang City, South Korea

The mutual impacts of climate change and wastewater treatment: Critical review of challenges and solutions

Governments and project developers in developing countries can obtain substantial income from carbon revenues as households make the transition to clean energy technologies and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These revenues can be used in various ways to encourage further investments in clean energy. In this paper we examine the effectiveness of three alternative policy instruments for supporting this clean energy transition in relation to cooking with biogas plants in Nepal – carbon revenues as purchase subsidies on biogas plants, distribution of environmental income to households for continuing use of biogas plants, or interest rate subsidies related to purchases of biogas plants on credit. Thus far the sectoral focus has been on purchase subsidies, but these are increasingly declining in their effectiveness. Our results identify the effectiveness relative to government cost and carbon emissions reduction, from these three types of potential government policy. • Three alternative policy instruments are considered for encouraging the introduction of clean cooking technology in Nepal. • The technology is biogas for cooking stoves as a replacement for wood stoves. • Policies: subsidies on the purchase price, interest rate subsidies and the distribution of carbon revenues to stove users. • We show the government costs and the impact on greenhouse gas emissions. • The results may be useful for sustainable financing of household cooking in other countries.

Retraction notice to “Prediction of the effects of climate change on hydroelectric generation, electricity demand, and emissions of greenhouse gases under climatic scenarios and optimized ANN model” [Energy Rep. 7 (2021) 5431–5445

• Survey examines commuting patterns and attitudes toward emission reduction. • Commuting patterns differ significantly between students and university staff. • Single-occupancy cars account for nearly 90 % of commuting-related GHG emissions. • Commuting data enhances Scope 3 emissions reporting and mitigation planning. • Universities can influence commuting emissions through targeted strategies. Commuting is one of the 15 categories of Scope 3 emissions and is recognized as a significant contributor to universities' carbon footprints. This study investigates the commuting patterns of students and staff at LUT University, Finland, estimates the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in accordance with the GHG Protocol, and explores potential mitigation measures. Data were collected through an online survey capturing travel modes, commuting distances and frequencies, as well as attitudes toward emission reduction initiatives. The analysis revealed marked differences between the commuting behaviors of students and staff. Students primarily used walking, buses, and single-occupancy cars in similar proportions, whereas nearly half of the staff relied on single-occupancy cars. As a result, car use accounted for approximately 90% of total commuting-related GHG emissions. Recommended mitigation strategies include reducing single-occupancy car use and promoting public transportation and active mobility through incentives, improved infrastructure, expanded mobility services, and engagement strategies. Although commuting emissions fall outside universities’ direct control, institutions play a critical role in shaping travel behavior. Comprehensive and accurate emissions accounting is essential for identifying effective interventions and tracking progress toward climate goals.

Fuel cells have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from deep-sea shipping. To fully understand the environmental impacts of integrating fuel cells into deep-sea ships, this study evaluates the life cycle environmental impacts from 2020 to 2050 for two leading fuel cell systems: liquid hydrogen with proton exchange membrane fuel cells (liquid-H 2 PEMFC) and liquid ammonia with solid oxide fuel cells (liquid-NH 3 SOFC). The study covers various factors, including changes in cargo capacity, operation modes, developments in hydrogen production and electricity decarbonization. We examine two energy scenarios developed by the International Energy Agency: the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE). Our findings reveal that, under different ranges and speeds, the liquid-H 2 PEMFC results in a 2% increase to a 10% decrease in cargo weight, while the liquid-NH 3 SOFC leads to a 4%–23% decrease. By 2050, under the NZE scenario, liquid-H 2 PEMFC and liquid-NH 3 SOFC can reduce GHG emissions per tonne-nautical mile by 69%–75% and 65%–71%, respectively, compared to traditional ships. The use of fuel cells also introduces environmental trade-offs. This assessment can help policymakers gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of fuel cells in reducing GHG emissions in deep-sea shipping and underscores the potential environmental challenges associated with their large-scale deployment in the future. • The cargo capacity change affected by fuel cell propulsion systems is assessed. • The long-term life cycle environmental impacts of fuel cell use in deep-sea shipping are quantified. • Fuel cell decarbonization potential in shipping hinges on how clean the hydrogen supply is. • Fuel cell use in deep-sea shipping can induce new environmental burdens.

Techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of hydrogen production pathways in the Middle East and North African region

Optimizing off-grid energy-water systems: An improved metaheuristic framework with advanced dispatch modes