Gray Surface Research Articles

Efficient Robot Localization Through Deep Learning-Based Natural Fiduciary Pattern Recognition

This paper introduces an efficient localization algorithm for robotic systems, utilizing deep learning to identify and exploit natural fiduciary patterns within the environment. Diverging from conventional localization techniques that depend on artificial markers, this method capitalizes on the inherent environmental features to enhance both accuracy and computational efficiency. By integrating advanced deep learning frameworks with natural scene analysis, the proposed algorithm facilitates robust, real-time localization in dynamic and unstructured settings. The resulting approach offers significant improvements in adaptability, precision, and operational efficiency, representing a substantial contribution to the field of autonomous robotics. We are aiming at analyzing an automotive manufacturing scenario to achieve robotic localization related to a moving target. To work with a simpler and more accessible scenario we have chosen a demonstrative context consisting of a laboratory wall containing some elements. This paper will focus on the first part of the case study, with a continuation planned for future work. It will demonstrate a scenario in which a camera is mounted on a robot, capturing images of the underside of a car (which we assume to be represented by a gray painted surface with specific elements to be described in Materials and Methods). These images are processed by a convolutional neural network (CNN), designed to detect the most distinctive features of the environment. The extracted information is crucial, as the identified characteristic areas will serve as reference points for the real-time localization of the industrial robot. In this work, we have demonstrated the potential of leveraging natural fiduciary patterns for efficient and accurate robot localization. By utilizing deep learning, specifically convolutional neural networks. The experimental results suggest that this approach is not only feasible but also scalable across a wide range of applications, including industrial automation autonomous vehicles, and aerospace navigation. As robots increasingly operate in environments where computational efficiency and adaptability are paramount, our methodology offers a viable solution to enhance localization without compromising accuracy or speed. The proposal of an algorithm that enables the application of the proposed method for natural fiduciary patterns based on neural networks to more complex scenarios is highlighted, along with the efficiency of the method for robot localization compared to others.

RsfMRI-based brain entropy is negatively correlated with gray matter volume and surface area.

The brain entropy (BEN) reflects the randomness of brain activity and is inversely related to its temporal coherence. In recent years, BEN has been found to be associated with a number of neurocognitive, biological, and sociodemographic variables such as fluid intelligence, age, sex, and education. However, evidence regarding the potential relationship between BEN and brain structure is still lacking. In this study, we use resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data to estimate BEN and investigate its associations with three structural brain metrics: gray matter volume (GMV), surface area (SA), and cortical thickness (CT). We performed separate analyses on BEN maps derived from four distinct rsfMRI runs, and used a voxelwise as well as a regions-of-interest (ROIs) approach. Our findings consistently showed that lower BEN was related to increased GMV and SA in the lateral frontal and temporal lobes, inferior parietal lobules, and precuneus. We hypothesize that lower BEN and higher SA might reflect higher brain reserve as well as increased information processing capacity.

The diagnosis and treatment of 56 cases of breast hamartoma: a single-center analysis and a review of the literature.

To analyze and summarize the clinical and pathological features of breast hamartoma to enhance clinicians' awareness of this rare and benign lesion of the breast. We retrospectively described the clinical data, imaging results, and pathological findings of 56 patients with breast hamartoma who underwent surgical treatment at the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2005 and December 2020, and summarized the features. Additionally, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed database for clinical reports on breast hamartoma and analyzed them. This study included 56 female patients. Preoperative ultrasound revealed round or elliptical heterogeneous echoes with clear boundaries: hypoechoic in 35 cases (63%), iso-echoic in 8 cases (14%), hyperechoic in 1 case (2%), mixed echo in 9 cases (16%), slightly strong echo in 1 case (2%), and uneven echo of fat in 2 cases (4%). Mammography was performed in 33 cases, revealing clear and dense shadows in 20 cases (61%) and dense shadows on the outer edges in 16 cases (48%). The excised masses were solid, with light yellow and gray cut surfaces. Pathological analysis identified ducts and fibrous tissue, with intra-tumoral fat content ranging from 10 to 90%. Breast hamartoma is prevalent among perimenopausal women and is characterized by ultrasound and radiography; surgical intervention remains the primary treatment with a good prognosis.

Construction of brain age models based on structural and white matter information.

Brain aging is an inevitable process in adulthood, yet there is a lack of objective measures to accurately assess its extent. This study aims to develop brain age prediction model using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which includes structural information of gray matter and integrity information of white matter microstructure. Multiparameter MRI was performed on two population cohorts. We collected structural MRI data from T1- and T2-sequences, including gray matter volume, surface area, and thickness in different areas. For diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we derived four white matter parameters: fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. To achieve reliable brain age prediction based on structure and white matter integrity, we employed LASSO regression. We successfully constructed a brain age prediction model based on multiparameter brain MRI (Mean absolute error of 3.87). Using structural and diffusion metrics, we identified and visualized which brain areas were notably involved in brain aging. Simultaneously, we discovered that lateralization during brain aging is a significant factor in brain aging models. We have successfully developed a brain age estimation model utilizing white matter and gray matter metrics, which exhibits minimal errors and is suitable for adults.

A new species in the lichen genus Circinaria (Megasporaceae) from Pakistan based on morphology and DNA sequence data

Circinaria terrenoides sp. nov. was collected in Balochistan and Gilgit Baltistan. Comparative morpho-anatomical research, chemical analysis, and ITS-based DNA analyses all support its placement within the genus Circinaria. Circinaria terrenoides sp. nov. is distinguished from the closely related species C. affinis in having a crustose, areolate to rimose-areolate thallus (vs. subfruticose, verrucose-areolate), earthy brown to greenish gray upper surface (vs. earthy gray to gray-green), smaller conidia 12–18 × 0.4–0.9 µm (vs. 16–20 ×1–1.2 μm), (vs. black to brownish), and growing on calcareous sedimentary rock (vs. stony steppes).

Investigating the Surface Damage to Fuzhou’s Ancient Houses (Gu-Cuo) Using a Non-Destructive Testing Method Constructed via Machine Learning

As an important part of traditional Chinese architecture, Fuzhou’s ancient houses have unique cultural and historical value. However, over time, environmental factors such as efflorescence and plant growth have caused surface damage to their gray brick walls, leading to a decline in the quality of the buildings’ structure and even posing a threat to the buildings’ safety. Traditional damage detection methods mainly rely on manual labor, which is inefficient and consumes a lot of human resources. In addition, traditional non-destructive detection methods, such as infrared imaging and laser scanning, often face difficulty in accurately identifying specific types of damage, such as efflorescence and plant growth, on the surface of gray bricks and are easily hampered by diverse surface features. This study uses the YOLOv8 machine learning model for the automated detection of two common types of damage to the gray brick walls of Fuzhou’s ancient houses: efflorescence and plant growth. We establish an efficient gray brick surface damage detection model through dataset collection and annotation, experimental parameter optimization, model evaluation, and analysis. The research results reveal the following. (1) Reasonable hyperparameter settings and model-assisted annotation significantly improve the detection accuracy and stability. (2) The model’s average precision (AP) is improved from 0.30 to 0.90, demonstrating good robustness in detecting complex backgrounds and high-resolution real-life images. The F1 value of the model’s gray brick detection efficiency is improved (classification model performance index) from 0.22 to 0.77. (3) The model’s ability to recognize the damage details of gray bricks under high-resolution conditions is significantly enhanced, demonstrating its ability to cope with complex environments. (4) The simplified data enhancement strategy effectively reduces the feature extraction interference and enhances the model’s adaptability in different environments.

The Diversity and Taxonomy of Thelephoraceae (Basidiomycota) with Descriptions of Four Species from Southwestern China.

Taxonomy plays a central role in understanding the diversity of life, translating the products of biological exploration and discovery specimens and observations into systems of names that settle a "classification home" to taxa. The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes family Thelephoraceae has been understudied in subtropical ecosystems. Many species of Thelephoraceae are important edible and medicinal fungi, with substantial economic value. Four new species, Thelephora resupinata, T. subtropica, T. yunnanensis, and Tomentella tenuifarinacea, are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. Thelephora resupinata is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata having a tuberculate pileal surface hymenial, and the presence of the subglobose to globose basidiospores (9-12 × 7-9 µm). T. subtropica is solitary coriaceous infundibuliform gray-brown basidiomata with a presence of the subclavate basidia and subglobose to globose basidiospores (6-8 × 5-7 µm). T. yunnanensis is typical of the laterally stipitate basidiomata having a smooth, umber to coffee hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the subglobose basidiospores (7-10 × 6-8 µm). Tomentella tenuifarinacea is typical of the arachnoid basidiomata having a smooth, gray, or dark gray hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the subglobose to globose basidiospores (7-9 × 6-8 µm). Sequences of ITS+nLSU+mtSSU genes were used for the phylogentic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The three genes' (ITS+nLSU+mtSSU) phylogenetic analysis showed that the genera Thelephora and Tomentella grouped together within the family Thelephoraceae and three new species were nested into the genus Thelephora, and one new species was nested into the genus Tomentella.

Multi-Response Optimization of Single Point Incremental Forming of Al 6061 Sheet Through Grey-Based Response Surface Methodology

The single point incremental forming process (SPIF) is materialized to form the desired shapes in low-cost sheet metal processing and well suited for low batch components and customized designs. Many modifications have been attempted in recent years to maximize the formability, geometric accuracy and quality of the SPIF formed parts. In this work, an attempt has been made to analyse the influence of process parameters namely ball tool diameter, step size, spindle speed and sheet thickness on final wall thickness, forming force and surface roughness. The optimized results exhibit the desirable formability when the roller ball tool diameter of the tool is 12 mm. The results also project that formability of the sheet metal is minimized when the spindle speed is increased and the ball diameter maximizes the accuracy and surface roughness. Also minimizing the step size increases the product quality features. Upon conducting this multi-response optimization by grey based response surface methodology (RSM) technique It is identified that 12 mm ball diameter of the tool, 0.25 mm step size, 2445 rpm spindle speed, and 2 mm sheet thickness are the obtained optimized SPIF process parameters as confirmed through confirmation experiments.

Examining associations between brain morphology in late childhood and early alcohol or tobacco use initiation in adolescence: findings from a large prospective cohort

A prominent challenge in understanding neural consequences of substance use involves disentangling predispositional risk factors from resulting consequences of substance use. Existing literature has identified pre-existing brain variations as vulnerability markers for substance use throughout adolescence. As early initiation of use is an important predictor for later substance use problems, we examined whether pre-existing brain variations are associated with early initiation of use.In the Generation R Study, a prospective population-based cohort, brain morphology (gray matter volume, cortical thickness and surface area) was assessed at ages 10 and 14 using neuroimaging. In the second wave, participants reported on alcohol and tobacco use initiation. From a base study population (N = 3019), we examined the longitudinal (N = 2218) and cross-sectional (N = 1817) association between brain morphology of frontolimbic regions of interest known to be associated with substance use risk, and very early (age < 13) alcohol/tobacco use initiation. Additionally, longitudinal and cross-sectional associations were examined with a brain surface-based approach. Models were adjusted for age at neuroimaging, sex and relevant sociodemographic factors.No associations were found between brain morphology (ages 10 and 14) and early alcohol/tobacco use initiation (<13 years). Sex-specific analyses suggested a cross-sectional association between smaller brain volume and early initiated tobacco use in girls. Our findings are important for interpreting studies examining neural consequences of substance use in the general population. Future longitudinal studies are needed to specify whether these findings can be extended to initiation and continuation of alcohol/tobacco use in later stages of adolescence.

Alterations in cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy and associations with behavior in females with fragile X syndrome.

To address substantial gaps in the literature on neuroanatomical variations in females with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Surface-based modeling techniques were applied to the magnetic resonance imaging of 45 females with FXS (mean age = 10 years 9 months, range 6 years-16 years 4 months, SD = 2 years 9 months) and 33 age-matched and developmentally matched females without FXS to elucidate differences in cortical gray matter volume, surface area, and thickness. Gray matter volumes in subcortical regions were examined to ascertain differences in subcortical volume. In females with FXS, cortical volume was greater bilaterally in the occipital pole and smaller in the right postcentral gyrus. Seven regions demonstrated lower surface area in participants with FXS, while cortical thickness was significantly greater over the posterior and medial surfaces in the group with FXS. Subcortical region of interest analyses demonstrated greater volume in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and nucleus accumbens in the group with FXS. Global gray matter volume, pial thickness, and surface area were associated with behavioral outcomes in the group with FXS but not in the comparison group. Females with FXS demonstrated unique cortical and subcortical gray matter anatomy relative to a matched comparison group. These findings may be relevant to the pathogenesis of the FXS behavioral phenotype and provide insights into behavioral interventions targeted to this population.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STEM BARK OF Barteria nigritiana HOOK F. (PASSIFLORACEAE)

Barteria nigritiana plays a significant role in Africa in the prevention, management and treatment of ailments such as wounds, microbial infections, pains, and inflammatory disorders. Despite the therapeutic uses, the pharmacognostic features are not on record. The study was designed to standardize the pharmacognostic features of B. nigritiana stem bark. The fresh B. nigritiana stem bark was collected, air-dried under shade for 14 days and examined macroscopically using botanical and organoleptic evaluation. Microscopic, proximate, phytochemical, chemomicroscopic and fluorescence analyses were carried out using standard techniques. The powdered stem bark was extracted exhaustively with 95% methanol by cold maceration. Extraction of powdered stem bark yielded 18 %w/w of dry crude extract respectively. The macroscopic studies were rough dark grey outer surfaces and multiple trunks without thorns. Microscopic studies showed the presence of diamond-shaped calcium oxalate, fibres and phloem parenchyma cells. Chemomicroscopic studies showed the presence of cellulose, tannins, and calcium oxalate. Fluorescence analysis indicated the presence of dark green colour at 254 and deep brown colour at 365 nm. Physicochemical parameters (mg/100g) showed total ash (7.17 ± 0.03), sulphated ash (3.82 ± 0.04), acid insoluble ash (2.25 ± 0.02), alcohol soluble extractive (4.10 ± 0.01) and moisture content (9.0 ± 0.01). The pharmacognostic standards observed in this study will support the quality assurance of B. nigritiana stem bark.

Concurrent and longitudinal neurostructural correlates of irritability in children

Irritability, or an increased proneness to frustration and anger, is common in youth; however, few studies have examined neurostructural correlates of irritability in children. The purpose of the current study was to examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between brain structure and irritability in a large sample of 9–10-year-old children. Participants included 10,647 children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Developmentsm Study (ABCD Study®). We related a latent irritability factor to gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and surface area in 68 cortical regions and to gray matter volume in 19 subcortical regions using structural equation modeling. Multiple comparisons were adjusted for using the false discovery rate (FDR). After controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, scanner model, parent’s highest level of education, medication use, and total intracranial volume, irritability was associated with smaller volumes in primarily temporal and parietal regions at baseline. Longitudinal analyses showed that baseline gray matter volume did not predict irritability symptoms at the 3rd-year follow-up. No significant associations were found for cortical thickness or surface area. The current study demonstrates inverse associations between irritability and volume in regions implicated in emotional processing/social cognition, attention allocation, and movement/perception. We advance prior research by demonstrating that neurostructural differences associated with irritability are already apparent by age 9–10 years, extending this work to children and supporting theories positing socioemotional deficits as a key feature of irritability.

A new species of Fomes (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from southwestern China

The species diversity of Fomes in China has not been well studied, and all Fomes samples were previously identified as Fomes fomentarius based on morphology. Recent phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Fomes were carried out and one new species from Yunnan Province of southwest China, Fomes hengduanensis, was discovered. F. hengduanensis is characterized by perennial, pileate basidiomata with small ungulate pilei, greyish brown, fawn to dark grey, concentrically zonate and sulcate upper surface, greyish brown pore surface when fresh, distinct sterile margin, a trimitic hyphal system bearing clamp connections on generative hyphae, clavate to fusoid cystidioles, cylindrical basidiospores measuring 9.5–14 × 4.5–7 µm, and growing on Quercus semecarpifolia in montane forest. It differs from the most common species F. fomentarius by smaller basidiospores (9.5–14 × 4.5–7 µm vs. 15–21 × 5–7 µm), and also differs by the DNA sequences. We present the new species with illustrated description, molecular work and comparison with morphologically similar or related species.

Enhanced tribological performance of MoS2 and hBN-based composite friction materials: Design of tribo-pair for automotive brake pad-disc systems

This research comprehensively analyzes the friction and wear behavior of composite friction materials when dry sliding against grey cast iron and laser-clad nickel-based (LC1) and iron-based (LC2) alloy discs. The composite friction materials (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6) under investigation contain graphite, MoS2, and hBN-based solid lubricant synthesized through the powder metallurgy technique. Tribological tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc configuration to simulate the dynamic interaction between the composite materials and the laser-clad grey cast iron discs. The tests were performed at a 60 N load, 6283.19 m sliding distance, and 2.094 m/s sliding velocity under dry sliding conditions. The results provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of MoS2 and hBN-based solid lubricant composites in reducing friction and wear when in contact with iron and nickel alloy-based laser-clad grey cast iron surfaces. The study elucidates the mechanisms governing tribological behavior, including the formation of friction plateaus and the role of laser-clad counter-discs in reducing wear. The specific wear rate of the nickel-based laser-clad counter disc (LC1) and iron-based laser-clad (LC2) system improved by 63.76 % and 48.32 %, respectively, compared to the conventional grey cast iron disc system when using the hBN-based pin (P6). Additionally, the specific wear rate of the hBN-based pin was 38.49 % lower than the conventional graphite-based pin when sliding against the grey cast iron counter-disc. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to validate the wear rate of the best-performing tribological pair, namely the hBN-based pin (P6) and LC2 counter discs, through supervised learning.

Childhood adiposity underlies numerous adult brain traits commonly attributed to midlife obesity.

Obese adults are often reported to have smaller brain volumes than their non-obese peers. Whether this represents evidence of accelerations in obesity-driven atrophy or is instead a legacy of developmental differences established earlier in the lifespan remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether early-life differences in adiposity explain differences in numerous adult brain traits commonly attributed to mid-life obesity. We utilised a two-sample lifecourse Mendelian randomization study in 37,501 adults recruited to UK Biobank (UKB) imaging centers from 2014, with secondary analyses in 6,996 children assessed in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) recruited from 2018. Exposures were genetic variants for childhood (266 variants) and adult (470 variants) adiposity derived from a GWAS of 407,741 UKB participants. Primary outcomes were adult total brain volume; grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area; white matter volume and hyperintensities; and hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus volumes at mean age 55 in UKB. Secondary outcomes were equivalent childhood measures collected at mean age 10 in ABCD. In UKB, individuals who were genetically-predicted to have had higher levels of adiposity in childhood were found to have multiple smaller adult brain volumes relative to intracranial volume (e.g. z-score difference in normalised brain volume per category increase in adiposity [95%CI] = -0.20 [-0.28, -0.12]; p = 4 × 10-6). These effect sizes remained essentially unchanged after accounting for birthweight or current adult obesity in multivariable models, whereas most observed adult effects attenuated towards null (e.g. adult z-score [95%CI] for total volume = 0.06 [-0.05,0.17]; p = 0.3). Observational analyses in ABCD showed a similar pattern of changes already present in those with a high BMI by age 10 (z-score [95%CI] = -0.10 [-0.13, -0.07]; p = 8 × 10-13), with follow-up genetic risk score analyses providing some evidence for a causal effect already at this early age. Sensitivity analyses revealed that many of these effects were likely due to the persistence of larger head sizes established in those who gained excess weight in childhood (childhood z-score [95%CI] for intracranial volume = 0.14 [0.05,0.23]; p = 0.002), rather than smaller brain sizes per se. Our data suggest that persistence of early-life developmental differences across the lifecourse may underlie numerous neuroimaging traits commonly attributed to obesity-related atrophy in later life.

Prediction of wear volume and friction coefficients of SS304 alloy using grey taguchi-based response surface methodology

The present investigation is centered on examining the tribological characteristics within a pin-on-disk configuration resembling a cylinder on a flat contact surface. The pin, constructed from Stainless Steel 304 alloy, underwent sliding experiments under varying speeds (1, 2, and 3 m s−1) and normal loads (10, 15, and 20 N) across track diameters of 60 and 120 mm. The experiments aimed to mitigate wear and friction in movable components, thus conducted for up to 2000 s in the experimental setup without any lubrication. Observations of the coefficients of friction stabilization and wear rate were made by manipulating the input parameters to anticipate the failure range. Higher coefficients of friction and increased wear rates were noted at lower sliding speeds, with wear rates stabilizing at higher speeds. Interestingly, despite a higher coefficient of friction stabilization and wear rate at a 120 mm track diameter, wear decreased. Optical Microscopy studies were carried out to examine surface damage for all normal loads and sliding speeds using both 60 mm and 120 mm track diameters. Additionally, this study employs Grey Taguchi-based Response Surface Methodology (GT-RSM) to forecast and regulate wear and friction. The findings of this study have practical implications for industries such as automotive, aerospace, and others employing SS 304 alloys in their operational components.

Numerical Optimization and Performance Study of Ni-Based Coatings on Gray Cast Iron Surface by High-Speed Laser Cladding Based on Orthogonal Test

Numerical Optimization and Performance Study of Ni-Based Coatings on Gray Cast Iron Surface by High-Speed Laser Cladding Based on Orthogonal Test

Facial expression recognition ability and its neuropsychological mechanisms in children with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder.

Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and working memory deficits. Social dysfunction is one of the major challenges faced by children with ADHD. It has been found that children with ADHD can't perform as well as typically developing children on facial expression recognition (FER) tasks. Generally, children with ADHD have some difficulties in FER, while some studies suggest that they have no significant differences in accuracy of specific emotion recognition compared with typically developing children. The neuropsychological mechanisms underlying these difficulties are as follows. First, neuroanatomically. Compared to typically developing children, children with ADHD show smaller gray matter volume and surface area in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex regions, as well as reduced density and volume of axons/cells in certain frontal white matter fiber tracts. Second, neurophysiologically. Children with ADHD exhibit increased slow-wave activity in their electroencephalogram, and event-related potential studies reveal abnormalities in emotional regulation and responses to angry faces when facing facial stimuli. Third, psychologically. Psychosocial stressors may influence FER abilities in children with ADHD, and sleep deprivation in ADHD children may significantly increase their recognition threshold for negative expressions such as sadness and anger. This article reviews research progress over the past three years on FER abilities of children with ADHD, analyzing the FER deficit in children with ADHD from three dimensions: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and psychology, aiming to provide new perspectives for further research and clinical treatment of ADHD.

Investigation of Thermal Similarity and Performances of Solar Thermal Air Collector with Heat-Soaked Vehicle Cabin

This article explores the potential of vehicle interiors, which can reach temperatures of up to 120°C due to solar exposure, as efficient solar collectors. Comparative studies have been conducted on the thermal behavior of heat-soaked vehicle cabins and dedicated solar collectors, highlighting their potential benefits in heating, cooling and ventilation. Thermal soak tests reveal a remarkable similarity in thermal performance between the two, with minor temperature variations of up to 5.3°C between the equivalent components. These temperature deviations are mainly due to differences in absorptivity characteristics, in which the black absorber plate exhibits superior absorption capabilities compared to the grey interior cabin surfaces. Integration of ambient air through the inlets on the cabin floor helps with initial cooling of the hot soaked cabin. The collector benefits from a preheated air mixture (comprising heat-soaked cabin air and ambient air), which improves its operating temperatures. This characteristic is attributed to the synergistic integration of the two systems. By decoupling these systems and aligning the properties of the absorber plate, the cabin and the collector could become thermally identical. The potential of the heated vehicle cabin as a power generation source is underscored, which presents opportunities to supplement the energy demand in remote locations. This study illuminates the untapped potential of vehicular solar heat capture, highlighting its feasibility, diverse applications, and significant implications for sustainable energy strategies and community development.

Changes in brain structure and function in youth at familial risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: implications for early intervention

Abstract The evaluation of child and adolescent offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder seeks to understand changes taking place in the brain in individuals at heightened risk for disease during a key developmental period. In this session I will present findings from the BASYS (Bipolar And Schizophrenia Young offspring Study) cohort, which has recruited young offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder ages 6 to 17 years, using clinical, cognitive and brain imaging measures for over 15 years in Spain. I will begin by reviewing our baseline and 2 year findings using structural magnetic resonance imging (MRI) measures, where we found whole brain and regional cortical grey matter volume and surface area reductions, specifically in offspring of patients with schizophrenia relative to controls, but not in offspring of patients with bipolar disorder, which I will compare with results from the ENIGMA relatives working group analyses. Within our cohort I will expain the relevance of baseline brain structural findings to clinical and cognitive outcome over time. I will then present longitudinal analyses of structural anf functional MRI measures at up to 8 year follow-up, examining the influence of development of psychotic spectrum symptoms over time and cognitive and functional outcomes, on longitudinal brain imaging measures. I will finish the talk explaining avenues for future research in the field, which include incorporating other imaging modalities and validating our findings in other cohorts, while I will also present avenues for increasing understanding of the neurobiological changes underpinning our MRI findings.This project has received funding from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI151500467; PI1700741; PI1800696; PI1800976, PI2100330), Fundació Marato TV3 (091630, 202232-30-31), the Catalonia Government (2021SGR01319), PERIS (SLT006/17/00346), Fundació Clínic Recerca Biomèdica (Ajut a la Recerca Pons Bartran), co-financed by ERDF Funds from the European Commission and CIBERSAM.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared