Graphics Adapter Research Articles

To Kill a Mockingbird: Why would it be a sin to shoot down its Graphic Novel adaptation?

In 2018, Harper Lee’s (1926-2016) Pulitzer Prize-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) was adapted to a graphic novel by the English artist Fred Fordham. Heir to the Franco-Belgian bande-dessinée tradition, the artist shows panels filled with delicate and pastel-colored illustrations that move at a proper pace, focusing on the younger characters’ perspective. The artist keeps important dialogues from Lee’s novel, while also offering his view.
 Any revision of a classic represents a challenge, especially because of the possible comparisons to the original. At the same time, an adaptation can bring new light and freshness to stories that deserve to be revisited. Far from intending to compare the graphic novel with the original, this analysis aims to comment on some essential matters concerning the new version. What are the unique formal –visual and written– aspects that the graphic novel provides? What are the new experiences it offers to the reader? What is the artist’s innovative approach and input? Why it is important to bring this story back during these times of reemergence of nationalist governments, xenophobic and antifeminist movements and policies? In a few words, what is the merit of this adaptation in this millennium?

Tensor approach to software implementation of cellular automata model of diffusion

The article provides a theoretical description of the tensor approach to the software implementation of the cellular automaton model of diffusion. A block-synchronous cellular automaton with a neighborhood of Margolus was chosen as a model. Within the framework of the proposed approach, the rotation of the automaton block clockwise or counterclockwise can be carried out using a special operation on tensors, namely convolution. The approach discussed in this paper allows you to use various frameworks aimed at parallelizing computations to organize scientific calculations on modern powerful graphics adapters.

A NOVEL COMPOSED OF DRAWINGS: VEDA

Herhangi bir türde yazılmış yapıtı başka türe aktarma anlamına gelen uyarlama sürecinin çözümlenebilmesi için bu sürece dâhil olan her iki türün anlatım olanaklarını kavramak gerekir. Romanda var olan uzun betimlemeler, ayrıntılı tasvirler, girift olay örgüsü, zengin kişi kadrosu, zaman, mekân ve anlatıcı gibi unsurların; grafik romana aktarılırken aynen korunması mümkün değildir. Bunlar, uyarlama sırasında, grafik romana özgü bir biçimde kısaltılarak okuyucuya sunulabilir. Burada grafik romanın kaynak eserden uzaklaştığı düşünülmemelidir. Grafik roman uyarlamasında, çizimler, konuşma balonları gibi görsel ögeler kullanılarak kaynak esere bağlı yeni bir yaratım söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada, Ayşe Kulin’in Veda Esir Şehirde Bir Konak adlı romanı, Cemil Cahit Yavuz’un çizimleriyle oluşturulan grafik roman uyarlaması ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma aşamasında teorik olarak betimleyici kuram ve göstergebilimden faydalanılmıştır.

Judeo-Arabic Orthographies: Insights from a Fifteenth-Century Šarḥ

Abstract Judeo-Arabic is a religiolect that developed as a result of the great Arab-Islamic conquests during the 7th century. This linguistic variety shares some of those features common to Neoarabic dialects; nonetheless, it preserves its own uniqueness, such as the almost absolute use of Hebrew characters and the occurrence of Hebrew and Aramaic lexical and grammatical elements within the texts. The writing system of Judeo-Arabic was affected by the socio-political changes that occurred during its development. In particular, Judeo-Arabic was subjected to a dramatic change during the 15th century, as a result of the increasing isolation of the Jews. In this period the so-called ‘Hebraized’ orthography became more prevalent and turned out to be representative of the šurūḥ, i.e. Judeo-Arabic translations of Hebrew sacred texts. In this contribution, we will focus on the issue of Judeo-Arabic graphic adaptation, through the linguistic analysis of an unpublished manuscript from the 15th century containing a šarḥ. Peculiarities and potential inconsistencies are discussed according to the wider and renowned Judeo-Arabic orthographic classification.

Iconoclasm, iconophobia, and graphic novel adaptations of John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress

ABSTRACT This article explores the assumed tendency of evangelical Christians to iconoclasm or even iconophobia. In order to test these tendencies, recent graphic novel adaptations of John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is analysed. This text is a perennial spiritual classic for this wing of the Protestant tradition. Concerns for fidelity are explored in reference to both a ‘timeless’ and ‘timeful’ quality. An evangelical theology of adaptation is offered and the graphic novels are assessed for textual fidelity, place in a spiritual legacy, and creative recontextualization.

The Covers of Young Adult Novels and Their Graphic Novel Adaptations: A Qualitative Multimodal Content Analysis

Drawing from theories of visual culture, social semiotics, and multimodality, the researchers conducted a qualitative multimodal content analysis of the covers of 21 young adult (YA) books that had been adapted as graphic novels (GNs). This study showed that the GN covers emphasized character and that the ages of the represented characters seemed to shift during the process of adaptation. However, publishers linked the two covers through branding, color schemes, and visual elements. These findings suggest that publishers view the readership of GNs differently than the readership of YA novels. This article encourages literacy education researchers and classroom practitioners to support students in analyzing visual artifacts designed for particular consumers. Critical readers could examine the sites of production and dissemination in addition to the text itself.

Institutional Racism and Black Resistance as Portrayed through Images and Narratives in American Graphic Novels

For centuries, racial discrimination and injustice have resulted in the struggle of African Americans to resist racial inequality. Nevertheless, their struggle has never been easy since racism against African Americans has long been institutionalized. In other words, any kinds of white oppression that marginalized, discriminated, and alienated African Americans have embedded in formal institutions, such as legal, educational, as well as social and political institutions. Accordingly, this study dealt with institutional racism and black resistance in the United States as portrayed through images and narratives in two American graphic novels, Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred: A Graphic Novel Adaptation and John Lewis’ March: Book Three, which depicted different ways African Americans were oppressed by and resisted against institutionalized racism. This study applied African American criticism to reveal the racism and black resistance portrayed in both graphic novels based on Feagin’s and Better’s theories of systemic racism and institutional racism. As this study focused on graphic novels, the analysis combined both narrative and non-narrative elements in making meaning through cues provided in the graphic novels, including stressed words and facial expressions. This study reveals that the whites have successfully oppressed African Americans for so long due to the white racial frame and its embedded racist ideology that enforced segregation system. Furthermore, the findings suggest that only by empowering themselves, African Americans are able to resist institutionalized racism in order to gain their freedom and equality of rights.

Conceptual Art or Readable Contract: The Use of Comics in Technical Communication

ABSTRACT Comics provide a promising platform for technical communication, but there are limits to their affordances. This article demonstrates some of the limits using Robert Sikoryak’s Terms and Conditions, a graphic adaptation of Apple’s iTunes Terms and Conditions. Using discourse analysis, it argues that Sikoryak’s adaptation, while an impressive piece of art, is not an example of accessible user agreement as media reports claim. The article concludes with practical implications on producing comics-style technical communication.

Roughing It in the Bush, The Graphic Novel

Graphic novels and comic books are no longer minor cultural artifacts which are produced to generate economic benefits, mostly consumed by young, not very literate, readers who do not hope to be educated but simply entertained. Quite on the contrary, authors such as Will Eisner, Art Spiegelman, Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman or Umberto Eco has vindicated the fundamental role these artistic manifestations play nowadays. The present paper analyzes Carol Shields and Patrick Crowe 2016 graphic novel adaptation of Susanna Moodie’s seminal book Roughing it in the Bush. In order to reach this goal, a brief theoretical state of the art is introduced. Consequently, the original writer and text are equally studied. Finally, the contemporary graphic novel adaptation is considered, explaining the genesis of the project as well and the similitudes and differences it shows when compared to the original work by Susanna Moodie.

Semi-Supervised Boosting Using Similarity Learning Based on Modular Sparse Representation With Marginal Representation Learning of Graph Structure Self-Adaptive

The purpose of semi-supervised boosting strategy is to improve the classification performance of one given classifier for a large number of unlabeled data. In the semi-supervised boosting strategy, the unlabeled samples are assigned for pseudo labels according to similarities between the labeled samples and the unlabeled samples, and the unlabeled samples with high confidences of pseudo labels are selected as labeled samples at the same time. Good similarities help to assign more appropriate pseudo labels to the unlabeled samples. These selected samples with pseudo labels will be used as the labeled samples to train the new ensemble classifier. Therefore, good and distinguishable similarities learning between unlabeled samples and labeled samples has shown remarkable importance due to its promising performance for semi-supervised boosting strategy. This article presents semi-supervised boosting framework using similarity learning based on modular sparse representation by employing a marginal regression function with probabilistic graphical structure adaptation. In this article, distinguishable regression targets analysis, graph structure adaptation, robust modular sparse representation and semi-supervised boosting learning are seamlessly incorporated into a joint framework. This framework learns marginal regression targets from data rather than exploiting the conventional zero-one matrix that greatly hinders the freedom of regression fitness and degrades the performance of regression results to improve the interclass separation of the learned representation. Meanwhile, a regularization term based on probabilistic connection knowledge is used to construct a graph regularization with adaptive optimization, which improves the intra-class compactness of the learned representation. Additionally, modular sparse representation learning is used to improve the robustness of the learned representation. The experimental results on four datasets including face and object show that the recognition rates of the proposed method are significantly better than other state-of-the-art methods.

Química além da visão: Uma proposta de material didático para ensinar química para deficientes visuais

A química é o ramo da ciência que estuda a matéria e suas propriedades. Os parâmetros curriculares ressaltam que o ensino de química não pode se resumir apenas à transmissão de conhecimento, mas também fazer referência com o cotidiano do aluno de modo a facilitar a assimilação dos conteúdos. Para isso, faz-se uso de representações como materiais macroscópicos, gráficos e experimentos para que fenômenos sejam percebidos por meio de alteração de cores, precipitações, etc. Estes procedimentos geralmente são baseados na percepção visual. Mas e no caso de alunos portadores de deficiência visual? Estes ficariam privados de um ensino de química mais dinâmico e lúdico? Neste trabalho nós apresentamos uma proposta de elaboração de materiais alternativos para levar conteúdos da química de uma forma mais envolvente para estes alunos. A partir da adaptação de imagens, gráficos e ilustrações do capítulo de um livro didático de química nós mostramos que é possível os alunos assimilar conceitos científicos diversos, que a princípio só poderiam ser ensinados a partir da percepção visual. Nós também apresentamos uma sugestão de sequência didática para uso do material desenvolvido baseada em nosso relato de experiência com uma turma de 7 alunos portadores de deficiência visual.

Homer’s Odyssey: from classical poetry to threshold graphic narratives for dual readership

This article’s focus is some unconventional adaptations of the Odyssey in graphic language, belonging to the threshold literary field and contextualized in different historical and cultural milieus. Since ancient Greek literature in general and Homer in particular, ceased to be considered as sacred scripts, they discarded the centuries-long formalistic and idealistic approach and served as a vehicle for criticism or as a mirror of each receiving culture’s present. The kind of relation established between each adaptation and its pre-text is defined by the inscribed meta-narratives in its body. The graphic adaptations under discussion, countercultural, demystifying or even subversive, participate in the so called “cross-audience phenomenon”, addressing a dual readership, both children and adults. They aim at undermining the heroic ethos, provoking skepticism and criticizing allusively the contemporary politics. They also trivialize the original by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation. This way they facilitate dialogue between past and present, by creating a contact zone within which pluralism is the major trait.
 Key words: The Odyssey, classics’ reception, comic book adaptations, threshold literature, pluralism

Developing 3D–models for training facilities of a space complex

The paper discusses problem statement for and software implementation of a Graphic Package Adaptation System (GPAS) intended for reading and processing graphic design data, produced by the CAD system PTC Creo. The idea is to introduce into the process of building a 3-D model of a spacecraft for training facilities an additional operation of ‘automated adaptation of the graphic package’. The proposed process does not exclude manual refinement of the model, however, including additional automated components into the process makes it possible to significantly reduce human effort required to build a model for training facilities. The exchange of models between PTC Creo, GPAS and Autodesk 3ds Max is conducted at the level of the open format Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). The paper describes GPAS architecture, provides views of work windows of the program, and methods of running its main functions. Key words: Digital design model, polygonal model, simplification, graphic design data.

Problems of vitality of the Turkic languages in the age of globalisation

In recent years, there is an apparent increase in interest of linguists to do comparative studies on lexicology over the genetic and typologically related languages. This paper has sought to critically research the role of mutual lexical enrichment of kindred languages and assimilation of loanwords, in particular, anglicisms to the vitality, maintenance and revitalisation of Turkic languages in the age of globalisation. The most important reasons for penetration and use of words and terms borrowed from English in modern Turkic languages have extra linguistic nature. However, intra linguistic factors are not an exception. Owing to distinctions of graphic bases of the alphabets and pronunciation norms of Turkic languages, the level of phonetic, grammatical and semantic assimilation of loanwords and terms in these languages are not identical. Because of incomplete phonological and graphic adaptation of loanwords, it becomes clear that in the Turkic languages national colouring, phonetic and orthographic norms of these languages are partly changed.
 Keywords: Vitality, lexical system, Turkic languages, globalisation, anglicisms.

The Practice of Authentication: Adapting Pilgrimage from Nenthead into a Graphic Memoir

Autobiographical comics have a more conflicted relationship with the truth than explicitly fictional work, due in part to the constraint to fidelity but complicated further by producer-orientated methods of authentication. Every graphic work has a unique expressive style, a transformation through eye and hand which foregrounds the artist’s vision, underscoring the process of mediation and subjectivity in interpretation. The structural and visual modality of the comic-book form does not allow for a representational facsimile of the world, involving as it does elements of story compression, visual abstraction and duality in the rendering of text and image. This paper will focus on current doctoral research investigating the graphic memoir, in particular; the authenticating role of the comic-book practitioner in regard to the representation and memorialization of the past and the indexical reference to real-world events and locations. This line of enquiry will be explored via current studio-based practice involving the initial preparation and treatment of a graphic adaptation of Pilgrimage from Nenthead, a working-class memoir written by Chester Armstrong (published by Methuen in 1938).

Zapożyczenia leksykalne w cyklolekcie

There is an abundance of loanwords (especially English) in Polish cycling sociolect. After a presentation of basic facts on the different types of borrowings (lexical loans, semantic loans and loan translations), about 600 English lexical loans divided into semantic classes (e.g. cycling disciplines, riders, equipment) are analyzed in the article. This is accompanied by a discussion of the most striking characteristics of their graphic, phonological, morphological and semantic adaptation into the Polish language.

Communicative functions and characterization in the Chinese graphic novel adaptations of "Little Women"

This article attempts to use an integrated theoretical framework to examine the three graphic novels published in Taiwan based on Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women. After the concept of intertextuality (Kristeva, 1980), Kress and van Leeuwen’s (1996) visual grammar helps us to explore how the visual semiotic resources in three Taiwanese graphic novel editions of Little Women ascribe meanings, achieve functions and communicate ideologies to enhance the characterization of Jo March. Progressing from the images, image–text relationships are discussed in terms of how these signifiers shape signs and meaning. Finally, by exploring speech or thought representation, the researcher investigates the translators’ awareness of the readers and situates their use of signs socially and culturally. In this study, the integrated framework reveals how these semiotic resources characterize Jo March, and the double meanings (Kristeva, 1980, pp. 65–66) they present, differently. These characterisations may, in turn, may have affected the communicative function of each version. The study concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of these applications.

«Life» in Tensor: Implementing Cellular Automata on Graphics Adapters

This paper presents an approach to the description of cellular automata using tensors. This approach allows to attract various frameworks for organizing scientific calculations on high-performance graphics adapter processors, that is, to automatically build parallel software implementations of cellular automata. In our work, we use the TensorFlow framework to organize computations on NVIDIA graphics adapters. As an example cellular automaton we used Conway's Game of Life The effect of the described approach to the cellular automata implementation is estimated experimentally.

Peculiar integrations: Adaptations, experimentations and authorships in The Long Weekend in Alice Springs

This paper investigates approaches to authorship in The Long Weekend in Alice Springs (2013), a graphic adaptation by the Australian artist Joshua Santospirito of a psychoanalytic essay by Craig San Roque (2004). Because the subject of both essay and adapted text is the ability of stories to have lasting effects over time in a space of crisis, this unusual adaptation establishes itself as an unusual site of authorship, whereby multiple authorships create a complicated authority, and stories themselves are shown to be significant. Through its variable positioning of the different roles undertaken by the author, the adaptation struggles with the ongoing challenge of appropriating Indigenous storytelling and suggests a possible way to discuss these stories from the outside. Through analysing paratextual materials and the work itself, this paper shows how nonfiction comics can both convey stories and separate themselves from stories through destabilising notions of creation and authorship.

Stripping H.C. Andersen. Peter Madsen’s Historien om en mor (or, what a graphic novel adaptation can do that its literary source cannot)

Abstract This article addresses the transposition of H.C. Andersen’s literary production to comics and graphic novels; a vast, though little explored, field of research. It furnishes a brief overview of the work done by comic art creators in approaching the adaptation of Andersen, and proceeds to analyse Historien om en mor, Peter Madsen’s 2004 graphic novel adaptation of Andersen’s Historien om en Moder from 1848. As Madsen’s version is predominantly visual, employing images and sequences rather than words in the re-telling of the fairy tale, the investigation is presented as a semiotic analysis drawing on the tools provided by Thierry Groensteen’s The System of Comics (2007; ed. orig. Système de la bande dessinée, 1999). Categories scrutinised as meaning makers include gridding, braiding, page layout, and the handling of the dimension of time, with the ultimate aim of describing how the media affordances of comics, in the hands of a true craftsman, add depth and complexity to the re-narration of Andersen’s original.