Graphical Elements Research Articles

Progressive web technology-based improvement of the distance learning adaptive system

An analysis of the well-known distance education systems was made, which allowed us to highlight their advantages and disadvantages and identify some ways to improve the program by adding adaptive functionality and interactivity, aimed at improving the educational process quality. An interface for working with the system for different groups of users (students, teachers, developers) has been developed whose use allows you to download study materials and test tasks conveniently, to edit and adapt some meaningful links between information sections (Units), to pass training and test control, to form final reports of success and recommendations for further learning steps. The multi-set method of assessing the level of study of content units was described and the adaptive functionality of forming the content of educational lectures for review or in-depth mastering of the theoretical content was presented, which allows taking into account the initial level of student knowledge and his/her abilities to acquire new skills. The software has been improved with a system based on PWA (Progressive web app) technology, which has allowed us to realize such advantages of web applications as speed, convenience, and attractiveness. A technology of text questions and correspondent information units connection was proposed which was based on the theory of multiple approach use which has provided us with the mathematical determination of the indices of the unmastered pieces of knowledge which generate the text part of the adaptive training step. Implementation of PWA technology was performed using the following software tools Service Worker, Web App Manifest, HTTPS, and Application Shell, which allowed to perform client caching offline, speeded up the process of downloading and displaying graphic elements of the web page, provided the use of the proposed resource as a regular mobile application. It has made it possible for easy access to the system to be obtained as well as the system resource use to be reduced.

Comparative analysis of <i>DDA algorithm</i> and <i>Bresenham algorithm</i>

The straight line segment is the basic graphic element, and its generation algorithm has a great influence on the generation speed of complex graphics. In the past, the efficiency of integer operation is higher than that of floating-point operation, and the complexity of DDA algorithm is mainly floating-point addition and rounding operation, and the complexity of Bresenham algorithm is mainly integer operation through further improvement. Therefore, it is clearly explained in the existing computer graphics textbooks that the efficiency of Bresenham algorithm is higher than that of DDA algorithm. Through experiments, endpoints of 1,000 to 10,000 straight line segments are randomly generated, and the runtime of Bresenham algorithm and DDA algorithm is compared. It is found that the efficiency of DDA algorithm is higher than that of Bresenham algorithm. Then, by combining the comparison of the efficiency of modern CPU for addition, multiplication and division of integer and floating point with the improvement of floating-point computing hardware and instruction set in modern CPU, the computer's floating-point computing capabilities have been greatly improved, thus making the DDA algorithm more efficient than the Bresenham algorithm.

Simplification of Internet Services in the Knowledge Society

For several years, observable are processes of simplifying IT systems and collectivization of network services. An example is the simplification of Linux operating system, which in first versions from clumsy, based on the command line and virtually devoid of the graphical elements evolved towards an open and user friendly operating system. The same applies to the posting of data on the Internet – work in cloud computing, building web pages. In addition, it is difficult not to agree with the fact that information is now one of the key consumer goods, and dynamic scientific and technological development in the twenty-first century civilization fosters referred to as a knowledge society. These considerations seem to indicate an increase simplification of communication systems and collective web services with the idea of the knowledge society. Undoubtedly, this issue deserves deeper consideration, and this article is a contribution to reflect on the issue of dissemination and simplify the network in the perspective of the knowledge society.

ЛЕВОРЪКОСТ И ПИСАНЕ

The methodology of writing instruction is determined by the nature of the script associated with a certain language. Since the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet is a sound-letter one and belongs to the phonographic type of the graphic systems, this means that the basic principle of the elementary stage of training should be a phonematic one, and emphasis should be put on drawing the graphic elements that make up the configuration of a letter. In the pre-letter and letter period in primary school, determining the dominant hand is of utmost importance as the child is about to master such a complex type of activity as writing. The main difficulty, character- istic of the left-handed children when learning to write, is that the Bulgarian Cyrillic script must be mastered on the basis of a sound-letter analysis, and the majority of the left-handed children form the complete images of the words in their minds and find it hard to carry out their syllable and letter analysis. It can be concluded that the greatest difficulty they encounter is mastering the Bulgarian language programme.

Comparative analysis of the txm business infographic: the use of visual tools to aid in the design creation process

Infographics were born to represent information, seeking to unite text and images to make information more straightforward to understand its context. Considering everything infographics represent in this informational society, we propose, based on a study of the elements that make up infographics, to validate the infographic referring to the TXM Business Methodology developed from another methodology used for brand creation and management TXM Branding. The primary purpose of creating such an infographic is to make information accessible to visualize the complete methodological process. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyze, based on the literature, the composition of the infographic of the TXM Business methodology in its two versions, allowing us to trace a relationship between them concerning their graphic elements. Therefore, to analyze and compare the two versions of TXM Business infographics, it was necessary to understand infographics and research construction methodologies to subsequently relate these learnings to the infographic and analyze it for future validation. The results point to a balanced composition that highlights the main approaches and information of the Methodology. The final object can be improved by understanding the field of infographics.

Demonstrative symbolization of national identity in the design of the Olympic ceremonial costume

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Olympic ceremonial costume of the XVIII Winter Olympic Games "Nagano-1998" and set the components demonstratively symbolizing the national identity in the design of clothing of the Olympic ceremonial costume. Methodology. Heuristic methods in art analysis were used to solve the set tasks, namely: visual observation; description; an attempt to establish components demonstratively symbolizing national identity in the design of Olympic ceremonial costume clothing; logical generalization of the obtained results. Scientific Novelty. According to the results of the art analysis of the Olympic ceremonial costume of foreign teams participating in the competitions (USA, China, Greece) of the XVIII Winter Olympic Games "Nagano-1998", one of the determinants of artistic and informational identification of the Olympic ceremonial costume was established for the first time and its components, which demonstratively symbolize a national identity in the design of clothing. Conclusions. Art analysis of the Olympic ceremonial costume, the reflection of socio-political influences of the historical context on its formality and informational compliance with the principles enshrined in the Olympic Charter [5, p. 11–12] competitions, give us reason to establish for the first time a demonstrative symbolization of the national identity of the design of clothing of the Olympic ceremonial costume as one of the determinants of artistic and informational identification. Given the ceremonial guidelines for identity in costume, which have been followed by all teams since 1936, the most important manifestation in this period (1998) is the semiotic accent in costume. Expression of their state independence, national identity, as well as the importance and identity of their culture at the turn of the era, with the help of such demonstratively symbolizing national identity in the design of Olympic ceremonial costume components, such as 1) Construction - the formation of the suit and the material used are tectonically displayed on the figures of athletes. By designing items of clothing, a visual image is built, which allows obtaining a silhouette identifying result; 2) Sign - stylization of the sign/signs is done by applying a pattern, graphic elements, combinations of graphic elements, embroidery, and possibly other creative innovative stylizations on clothes and accessories. Signs visually identify athletes, allow you to read the underlying meanings of the semantic information content of the costume; 3) Color – appealing to the colors of the national flag and reproducing with the help of color images of well-known objects of cultural heritage are the most popular methods of identifying the country during the Olympic parade. However, when choosing a color and its outflow, its compliance with the values in the host country and the prevailing trends overtime is taken into account. 3) Color – appealing to the colors of the national flag and reproducing with the help of color images of well-known cultural heritage sites are the most popular methods of identifying the country during the Olympic parade. However, when choosing a color and shade of color, its compliance with the values in the host country and the prevailing trends of the time is taken into account. It is worth noting that the visual image that translates national identity can be obtained by combining these components in the design, both together and separately, which was found during the art analysis of the Olympic ceremonial costumes of sports teams of the United States, China, and Greece. Key words: design, costume, Olympic ceremonial costume, identity, identification, symbolization, demonstration.

Fungsi Dan Makna Point Of Interest Dalam Unsur Grafis Pada Label Makanan Tradisional Getuk Goreng Di Sokaraja

Point of Interest (center of attention) becomes important for identity on product labels for Sokaraja fried getuk packaging. On each label, Sokaraja fried getuk uses a different center of attention from one label to another. This study aims to determine the role of the center of interest in the fried getuk label. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research by extracting data from primary and secondary sources such as interviews and literature studies. Through the perspective of the theory of graphic elements and design principles as the unit of analysis for the label of getuk goreng Sukaraja. Based on data analysis, it was concluded that the Sokaraja Fried Getuk Label has the characteristics of traditional visual elements and is dominated by red. Aspects of typography tend to be serif, sans serif, and script, using symmetrical and asymmetrical compositions. Design principles such as unity, proportion, balance, rhythm, and emphasis are visual elements that are composed quite well.

SECONDARY ANALYSIS ON GRAPHIC DESIGN PACKAGING EXAMPLES: DORITOS CHIPS PACKAGING EXAMPLE

In the consumption culture, the ability of the packaging produced to affect the buyer depends entirely on the power of graphical design. Different brand packages on the market shelves; attracts attention, promotes, protects, promotes as well as advertises. For this reason, brand packaging; It has a high sales share with the success it has achieved with its color, illustration and typography in accordance with graphic design criteria. In this study; It is aimed to evaluate the visuals of doritos chips packaging, created in line with the graphic design elements, with semiotic analysis. At this stage, while examining the packaging semiologically, the processes of idea generation, idea generation, idea visualization and the use of images will be evaluated. The research will be done with the literature review model.

Strony tytułowe krakowskich druków polemicznych wydanych w latach 1560–1600

The article constitutes an analysis of the title pages of Cracow polemical prints published in the years 1560–1600. For this purpose, 25 polemical prints were selected from the Cracow printing houses. The study was based on electronic versions of polemical books in the libraries’ digital resources. The analysis covered the individual elements on the title pages, i.e. title, author, quote, graphic elements and publisher’s address. The article focuses on indicating the distinctive features of title pages of the polemics from the end of this century. The main aim of the paper is to answer the question whether it is possible to talk about the birth of genre convention at the end of the 16 th century.

SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS: SHAPE AND COLOUR AS VISUAL COMMUNICATION IN SABAH FOOD PRODUCT LABELLING

This study is one of the researches on the graphic design of local product labels. Sabah’s products are unique and competitive at its higher level. This study analyzes the quality and effectiveness of visual communication of snack product labelling to consumers according to aspects of art, design, and composition. The analysis begins with the collection of signs and the definition of each element on the label through Pierce's analytical theory and the classification approach of Stokes (2003), the design element consisting of images, letters, compositions, colours, and design displays on classified labels. Next, physical elements such as shapes and colours are interpreted by researchers. This study proves that semiotics can be used to interpret meanings and messages on the physical elements of labels. Aspects of shape and colour influence user psychology. The identity of a product can also be identified. The selection of graphic design elements on product labels can generate ideas for entrepreneurs to upgrade the quality of local products. Quality product labelling will have a positive impact on industrial tasters and be able to contribute knowledge to the industry itself.

WEB INTERFACE FOR DETERMINING CRITICAL DEPTH IN OPEN CHANNEL

Research and calculations of non-uniform motion are very important from a practical point of view and have certain features for different states of flow, analysis of the shape of free surface curves, as well as the design of many hydraulic structures. When considering these issues, the concepts of specific cross-sectional energy and critical depth are used.
 The current trend of technology development in the educational process is based on Internet communications, instant online calculations and mobile microprocessor gadgets with appropriate software. The presented experimental project of educational and methodical material with web forms of online calculation of individual tasks is a variant of the modern competitive online environment on the Internet.
 Further direction of development - addition of methodical video, audio and graphic elements. Analysis of web analytics will gradually simplify the interface and choose the most effective set of modern formats for teaching materials.
 Computer on-line calculations allow to change the initial data and to introduce elements of modeling and in-depth study of theoretical positions using one typical example in the form of a web form

Color Consistency in Provincial Logos on the Island of Java with Use of Color Code

Indonesia has 34 provinces, 98 cities and 416 districts. Each Province, City and Regency has a local government to manage the community as representatives of the central government. Each provincial government has a regional logo. Regional logos reflect cultural symbols such as regional peculiarities, regional identities, which is contained in the graphic elements of regional logos such as images, colors and text. The use of color in regional logos is tied to images as symbols. In the regional regulations regarding color, there are meanings and provisions for color types. However, in that regulations, there is no Hex codes. Hex codes which refer to the colors of regional logos are important to know for the use of original colors according to those contained in regional regulations and to maintain the consistency of the logo color . Based on this, the purpose of this study is to determine the type of color and to know the Hex code which refers to the color contained in the logos of provinces such as Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta. The method used is descriptive, statistical and using feature color picker, Hex and color name finder. Data were collected through literature and observation. The results showed the colors in the regional logos were dominated by primary colors. Hex code was found. Found a more appropriate color name. The colors on the six regional logos match the Hex code and color names

Influence of packaging design parameters on customers’ decision-making process

Many recent research has focused on graphic design and shape of the packaging, and their effects on the customer's decision-making process as two separate categories. Since the shape of the packaging along with the graphic design plays an important role in the visual appearance of the packaging and attracts the customer's attention, the main objective of this research was to find out which packaging shapes and graphic elements customers find most attractive, as well as to understand the general opinion of customers about the influence of packaging aesthetics on their decision-making process when purchasing a product. Methodology of this research was conducted in two stages, from which the first one included creating three different graphic design solutions combined with three shape categories, and three variations of added value, for the same food packaging. The second part of the research covered an online questionnaire, in which a group of 50 people participated. This questionnaire focused on three variables: graphic design of the packaging, packaging shape and it’s added value. These variables were evaluated using the Likert scale. Through the questionnaire, participants were asked to answer general questions about the impact of the packaging visual appearance and added value, on their decision-making process when buying a product, as well as to choose the most appealing packaging between the given options. The research results showed that customers preferred non-standard packaging shapes and simple graphic design, as well as packaging with added value. The results of this research prove that the aesthetics of packaging has an impact on the customer's perception of a product, which means that packaging plays an important role in product marketing.

The Interpretation of Statistical Graphs Given in the Press: Advancing Towards Citizen Training

Background : Statistical graphs in communication media validates that which communicates, considering that every media has editorial orientation, and is central to the development of citizen capacity for the critical interpretation of graph information. So it is necessary to understand the processes of interpreting graphs in communication media to improve statistical learning. Objective : Systematise elements that concur to the action of critical interpretation of the statistical graphs used in communication media. Design: From the socioepistemology and two studies, we focus on the analysis of textualities of the interpretations of graphs published in the press. We characterise operational, perceptual, and experiential elements that concur to the construction of meanings regarding the graphic phenomenon. Setting and Participants : This research was done with two groups: students from the 11th grade of schooling in Chile, who carry out an interpreting activity; and university statistics professors from Peru and Chile, who answered a semi-structured interview. Data analysis : Through the content analysis of textualities, units of meaning are identified from open encodings, grouped according to operational, perceptual or experiential aspects. Results : The act of interpreting graphs constitutes a space of epistemic activity that allows us to know the graph. In particular, the use of qualitative and perceptual comparisons that make the interpretation permeable to tendentious modifications of graphic elements is evident. Conclusions : It is necessary to incorporate press graphs into didactic designs, with a socio-critical discussion regarding the use of graphs in communication, to strengthen citizenship.

NEST Desktop, an Educational Application for Neuroscience.

Simulation software for spiking neuronal network models matured in the past decades regarding performance and flexibility. But the entry barrier remains high for students and early career scientists in computational neuroscience since these simulators typically require programming skills and a complex installation. Here, we describe an installation-free Graphical User Interface (GUI) running in the web browser, which is distinct from the simulation engine running anywhere, on the student’s laptop or on a supercomputer. This architecture provides robustness against technological changes in the software stack and simplifies deployment for self-education and for teachers. Our new open-source tool, NEST Desktop, comprises graphical elements for creating and configuring network models, running simulations, and visualizing and analyzing the results. NEST Desktop allows students to explore important concepts in computational neuroscience without the need to learn a simulator control language before. Our experiences so far highlight that NEST Desktop helps advancing both quality and intensity of teaching in computational neuroscience in regular university courses. We view the availability of the tool on public resources like the European ICT infrastructure for neuroscience EBRAINS as a contribution to equal opportunities.

Study of signage design and information content for The Namtok Sai Khao National Park

The Namtok Sai Khao National Park is one of the well-recognized national parks in Thailand’s southern region, accommodating both Thai and foreign visitors. Therefore, providing accurate and adequate information is essential to tourists and will enhance their travel experience. Signage is an essential tool to communicate information, rules and even reflect the appearance of the park. Data was gathered using two main methods: 1) visual content analysis of existing park signage; and, 2) and an on-site survey aimed at assessing user experience. Analysis of this data served as the basis for the development of a set of design guidelines aimed at improving the signage by restructuring the graphic elements and system and including greater support for foreign language visitors.

METHODS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT DESIGN BY ART AND GRAPHIC MEANS

The article is devoted to the methods of urban environment design of the XXI centuries by artistic and graphic means. The process of their inclusion in the urban environment was gradual. It began with painting, graphics, sculpture, arts and crafts and monumental arts. A new wave of artistic and graphic means in the urban environment began to develop intensively in the late nineteenth - early twentieth century. It was due to social and cultural processes in specific cities and countries. The use of various techniques in design began to be introduced from this period. In particular, such as: ready-made, found objects, assemblage, carving, lettering, perforation and others. Currently, there is a problem of perfection of such decisions with the intensification of the processes of participation in them not only professionals but also ordinary citizens.
 Artistic and graphic elements adjust the urban space to a certain thematic (content) atmosphere. They become a reflection of certain trends in art, but already in the urban space, like works of fine art in the interior. The most common among them are the following: surrealism; conceptuality; contextual game; visual illusion (optical illusion), irony, self-irony, wit, humor; metaphor (metaphorical poetics).
 Works of art give a wide range of possibilities for their application in architectural and urban planning. In practice, new artistic methods were developed along with the already known ways of designing the visual image of the elements. As a result of the analysis of a number of domestic and foreign cities the methods of design of the architectural environment based on active use of the invented art and graphic means are revealed. Among them are deliberate exaggeration of the image (scale, hyperbolization) and change the traditional shape and size of artistic elements, increase contrast, copying and repetition of the real landscapes, imitation of perspective images, and enrichment of the urban space with architectural details, creation of the provocation.
 The variety of artistic methods requires their correct application in the urban environment. It is necessary in order for them to perform their assigned role properly. The realization of creative artistic ideas in the urban spaces of the XXI century is due to the introduction of new engineering and creative forms, innovative technologies; introduction of significant supergraphic and font compositions, new techniques of evening lighting and color; tolerance in the use of graphic arts in historical spaces.

The Visual Dictionary of Antimicrobial Stewardship, Infection Control, and Institutional Surveillance Data.

Objectives: Data and data visualization are integral parts of (clinical) decision-making in general and stewardship (antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and institutional surveillance) in particular. However, systematic research on the use of data visualization in stewardship is lacking. This study aimed at filling this gap by creating a visual dictionary of stewardship through an assessment of data visualization (i.e., graphical representation of quantitative information) in stewardship research.Methods: A random sample of 150 data visualizations from published research articles on stewardship were assessed (excluding geographical maps and flowcharts). The visualization vocabulary (content) and design space (design elements) were combined to create a visual dictionary. Additionally, visualization errors, chart junk, and quality were assessed to identify problems in current visualizations and to provide improvement recommendations.Results: Despite a heterogeneous use of data visualization, distinct combinations of graphical elements to reflect stewardship data were identified. In general, bar (n = 54; 36.0%) and line charts (n = 42; 28.1%) were preferred visualization types. Visualization problems comprised color scheme mismatches, double y-axis, hidden data points through overlaps, and chart junk. Recommendations were derived that can help to clarify visual communication, improve color use for grouping/stratifying, improve the display of magnitude, and match visualizations to scientific standards.Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to guide data visualization creators in designing visualizations that fit the data and visual habits of the stewardship target audience. Additionally, the results can provide the basis to further expand the visual dictionary of stewardship toward more effective visualizations that improve data insights, knowledge, and clinical decision-making.

Humour in The Midst of Pandemic: Critical Discourse Analysis on Covid-19 Related Memes

This study aims to reveal the implicit meaning contained in memes related to Covid-19 through Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis approach. This meme is taken from social media and several websites that contain a collection of memes that are focused on pictures and writing in Indonesian and English. The results showed that through the text dimension, the macrostructure of the Covid-19 meme has four sub-themes, namely the naming of the coronavirus, wearing masks, violations of guarding distance, and rules of doing activities at home. The Covid-19 meme superstructure has four schemes, namely 1) a scheme starting from the main idea pattern followed by supporting ideas, 2) a scheme with a supporting idea pattern first then the main idea, 3) a scheme with the main idea pattern without supporting ideas and titles and 4) a visual scheme. Next, the Covid-19 meme microstructure consists of syntactic, semantic, stylistic, and graphic elements, which all elements are needed to show the form of sentences of causality, implicit meanings, comparative and satirical language styles, and the use of visual and written graphics for meme readers. Furthermore, through the dimension of social cognition, Covid-19 memes contain cognition or knowledge related to the Covid-19 pandemic conditions that are owned by meme-makers and meme readers. Finally, through the dimensions of the social context, the Covid-19 meme has a moral background and an indiscipline attitude towards health protocols, as well as trade and business competition due to the impact and influence of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Interface Design for E-Learning: Investigating Design Characteristics of Colour and Graphic Elements for Generation Z

Interface Design for E-Learning: Investigating Design Characteristics of Colour and Graphic Elements for Generation Z