Grammatical Semantics Research Articles

Comparative description of lexical systems (on the material of the Serbian-Russian dictionary)

The article deals with the elements of the lexical systems of the Serbian and Russian languages in the framework of a comparative project on lexicology, one of the goals of which is to compile a modern large Serbian-Russian dictionary. Definitions of the vocabulary is based on the translation equivalence, i. e. the denotative identity of lexemes, and it is based, apart from lexical, on derivational and grammatical semantics where possible; pragmatic and cognitive-discursive component, manifested in syntagmatic realizations of lexemes, is also taken into account. The currently processed lexical corpus provides a sample for revealing some areas and peculiarities of lexical system structuring in the Serbian language in comparison with the Russian one. The vocabulary representing linguistic contrasts is grouped according to derivational-structural and lexical-grammatical criteria, relying on its formal-explicit markers. The following lexical types were found to be difficult to represent in the dictionary: specific derivational structures; diminutive word forms (nouns, adjectives, verbs), having an access to the pragmatic and discursive level; names with the semantics of feature carriers, including feminatives; adverbial syntagms, etc. In the future it is planned to compare formally equivalent multi-valued lexemes at the level of their meaning structure.

Evolution of the Verb State Category in Germanic Languages: A Neuroscientific Perspective

Relevance of research. The article examines the process of verb formation in Germanic languages, as well as the peculiarities of the grammatical semantics of verbs at different historical stages of the development of Germanic languages. Using the comparative-historical method, the functioning of verbs in texts of Germanic languages ​​was investigated as an aspect of neurolinguistic science. Research results. The article proves that most modal verbs of Germanic languages ​​have undergone significant semantic transformations. The study of texts of different historical stages of language development shows that verbs evolved through semantic transformation. Time frames of the formation of secondary semantics were revealed. The theoretical and practical significance lies in the fact that this resarch allows a detailed study of the features of the emergence of the primary, as well as the secondary, subjective semantics of verbs in Germanic languages ​​from a neuroscientific point of view. It should be noted that the list of subjective values ​​still raises many questions and discussions. The German language has an extremely clear system of means of expressing modal values. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the neurolinguistic approach to the study of the evolution of Germanic verbs. The article aims to study the evolution of verbs in the German language in the context of neurolinguistics. To achieve the goal, the method of comparative analysis was used. This made it possible to consider the evolution of the verb through a comparative study of texts at the main stages of speech development. To solve these problems, texts reflecting the state of the language at each historical stage were studied.

Diatesis Pasif Persona Pertama Tunggal dalam Tindak Tutur Lokusi Menjelaskan oleh Warga Sumberejo, Ambulu, Jember

As one of grammatical semantics topics, the passive voice of singular first person is used to show the relationship between singular first person (me) and action through the form of passive verbs in a sentence that contain grammatical meaning. The formulation of this research problem is what are the semantic constructions of the passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining based on the strategy in Sumberejo, Ambulu, Jember? This qualitative descriptive research is included in communication ethnographic research. Data was collected through listening and speech methods. Data that has been successfully collected is then presented using categorical, descriptive, and distributional methods. The theories used are Chomsky's generative transformation theory (1965) and Searle's speech act theory (1979). Based on this study, a total of 6 types of passive voice of singular first person in locutionary speech acts explaining in Sumberejo Village, Ambulu District, Jember Regency by dividing the types of passive voice of singular first person based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs with the type of locutionary speech act explaining based on the strategy. The types of locutionary speech acts explain based on their 5 strategies, then the types are crossed with 5 types of passive voice, singular first person, based on the form of suffixes and the nature of passive verbs

Verb database: Structure, clusters and options

The content and volume of language corpora provide an opportunity to obtain reliable information about the real use of a particular linguistic unit. Nowadays, there is a large number of corpora in different languages, their formation technologies are being improved. Nevertheless, some problems and limitations arise when using these resources in comparative studies. Corpora users need to work with annotated data submitted to tagging through annotation protocols. The article presents the structure and functionality of the supracorpora verb database (SVD) developed on the basis of a parallel Russian-French subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) and reveals the difference in their potentials. The described database is a pilot version of the final software, which is currently under development and is being tested. It consists of several clusters focused on solving such linguistic tasks as studying the grammatical semantics specifics and the distribution of verb forms in Russian and French; identifying the polysemantic structure in the two languages, which in turn verifies the understanding of the linguistic worldview of the speakers of Russian and French. It has been found that the mechanism of functioning of SVD cluster formations allows us to study both individual characteristics of verbs and the semantics of verbal lexemes and collocations. The manual annotation enables users to identify the systematic asymmetry of verb forms and cases of contextual and low-frequency asymmetry. Thus, SVD can be used in language pedagogy, teaching and studying discursive grammar, as well as the analysis of translation models variability.

Grammatical Semantics in Limerick A Collection of Indonesian Proverb and Pantun by the Brilliant Editorial Team

This study discusses grammatical semantics seen from the types of context in the
 contextual meaning contained in the oral literary works of Limerick in the book
 Collection of Indonesian Proverbs and Pantun by the Cemerlang Editorial Team.
 This research method is descriptive using a qualitative approach. Data collection
 techniques used are documentation, observe and record. Data analysis techniques
 in this study used descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the
 analysis of the data obtained from the limerick in the book Collection of
 Indonesian Proverbs and Pantun by the Cemerlang Editorial Team in terms of the
 types of context in contextual meaning are the context of purpose, the context of
 the speaker's or listener's mood and the context of the object.

Диффузность признаковой и статальной семантики предикатива

The aim of the study is to determine the mechanisms of the semantic-grammatical drift of predicatives in the context of the problem of grammatical redundancy of language units. The paper considers the parameters of the grammatical redundancy of the predicative as a hybrid language class formed of units with different grammatical characteristics. In particular, the paper considers the mechanisms of the mutually directed drift of the attributive and static semantics of predicatives both within the traditionally distinguished “category of state” and beyond it. In addition, models of semantic modifications (interpretative and other types) are described, as well as some types of syntactic modifications in the analysed language process. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the formation of a systematic approach to solving the problem of the semantic-grammatical status of the predicative as a class of words in the context of the processes of interlevel interaction in language. As a result of the study, the models of the semantic-grammatical drift within the considered language class have been described. These models are considered both in the context of lexical semantics and within the framework of the language structure analysis from the point of view of redundancy/insufficiency in grammatical semantics.

On the subject of the subjunctive infinitive in Middle Russian and Modern Russian

The article explores the subject valency filling of the subjunctive infinitive in Middle Russian and Modern Russian. Our research is based on the handwritten collections of zagоvory dated the 17th and 18th centuries and the materials from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. Usually, both in the modern Russian language and in the Middle Russian period, the subjunctive infinitive was used with agent subjects, referring to creatures with will and consciences. This kind of restriction can be overcome only through personification, as a result of which the non-agent subject is reinterpreted as an agentive one. The restriction on the compatibility of the subjunctive infinitive with non-agent subjects follows from its grammatical semantics: in the Middle Russian language, this verb form expressed an imperative meaning that could be realized if the subject of the action had will and consciousness and was able to control the situation. Over time, the subjunctive infinitive has lost its imperative semantics and in Modern Russian is used in contexts with evaluative meanings. Its usage only with agentive subjects has been preserved as a result of the lost imperative semantics.

По въпроса за самостойния статут на партиципиалните форми

The paper presents an account of participles as an independent class of lexemes on the basis of their morphemic structure. The participial morphemes -л and -н/-т in the structure of the so-called past perfect active and past passive participles are treated as primary expressors of resultative and passive semantics. These morphemes are not only word-forming segments but also indicators of grammatical semantics. This is an important argument for the exclusion of participles both from the verbal and from the adjectival system as proposed by Kutsarov (Куцаров/Kutsarov 2012). In addition, I present models for the morphemic segmentation of adjectives, verbs and participles.

Аграмматическиетексты и их место среди продуктов речевой деятельности

Agrammatism in Russian language is understood as the production of an utterance with such violation of morphological and syntactic norms, by which the main means of expressing grammatical meanings are word order and (in oral speech) intonation. Government and coordination are supplanted by parataxis, the frequency of the use of the nominative case increases. This is a situation when there are no proper means of connection between words in an utterance (inflectional morphemes, prepositions, conjunctions, particles), and the utterance itself becomes “crumbly”. The factual material for the paper is extracted from three communication areas: colloquial speech, special texts (commercial and technical advertising) and fiction. It is shown that there are general linguistic grounds that explain the development of this phenomenon. These are: a) expectation on the lexical semantics of words and the combinatorial connections inherent in them; b) grammatical semantics, represented by the linear order of words (and in oral speech – by intonation also); c) support from social conditions, personal characteristics of those who communicate, everyday context, paralinguistic means. The special functional and stylistic role of names in the syntax of the phrase is noted – in their opposition to the verb. In the facts of agrammatism, the interaction of language means with each other is manifested. In this regard, particular prerequisites and conditions are systematized that contribute to the emergence of agrammatic constructions in the Russian language – such as lemmatization, compression, ellipsis, the use of loan-words, etc. A general conclusion is made that agrammatism is not so much a fact of text destruction, but situational (discursive) conditional use of the diverse functionality of the language.

On the Semantics of Russian Verbal Circumfixes

Russian verbal circumfixes have been a topic of interest among linguists for a while now, with different approaches taken to their analysis. While some researchers consider semantics of the circumfixes in conjunction with Aktionsart prefixes, others debate whether circumfixes should be treated as a combination of a prefix and a suffix or as distinct single-piece derivations, thus questioning their status as derivations. These authors often do not dive deep into the semantics of the analyzed circumfixes, focusing more on the formal morphological issues. In this paper, I propose a different perspective by examining the aspectual semantics of Russian verbal circumfixes in a typological context. Having analyzed the two-component structure of circumfixes, the article argues that circumfixes convey semantics of getting into a certain state (distinct from the resulting state) as a consequence of the activity encoded by the verbal root. The properties of this particular state are determined by the prefixal part of the circumfix. The study focuses on three specific circumfixes, namely do-...-sja, na-...-sja, and raz-...-sja, but the analysis also extends to other verbal circumfixes. This paper contributes to our understanding of the grammatical semantics of Russian verbal circumfixes and their morphological status as a distinct construction. The findings shed light on the aspectual semantics and the role of prefixal parts in determining the meaning of Russian verbal circumfixes.

ترجمة التعبير الإصطلاحي المعلق بالأفعال المتعدية بحرف جر في كتاب وصف الجنة والنار لوحيد عبد السالم بالي

The translation is a process of transferring messages from one language to another by looking at the structure and context that exists in the original language and the target language. With the translation process, a nation can recognize the existence of the culture and character of other nations. So that between the two cultures will not easily misunderstand their respective cultures. The main problem that we often encounter in translation is that in the source language, in this case Arabic, it has many forms of verbs that have many meanings in the target language, so that the process of transferring messages in the target language requires a good accuracy of selection. The exact meaning and equivalent of words in the target language. Therefore, the author will try to find the meaning of these words by using a semantic approach in order to obtain better translation results in accordance with the existing context. The semantic theories that will be used by the author include: Lexicon Semantic Theory, Grammatical Semantics, and Contextual Semantics. From this research, the writer found that many verbs were connected with the letter jar and then gave rise to new, more contextual meanings.

Collocation of the auxiliary verb tur with the notional verb and its grammatical semantics in the Kazakh language

Auxiliary verbs are functional auxiliary words that have been widely used from the ancient inscriptions to the contemporary Turki. This study focuses on the written usage of the tur- auxiliary verb in Kazakh language, which belongs to a family of certain static and dynamic verbs. Explanations for tur- are frequently merged with zhat (zhatyr), otyr, and zhur on the grounds of their similarities in grammatical meaning, albeit the distinctions in each of their combination potential with notional verbs as well as grammatical meaning. In light of this, this study intends to make a data-based presentation of how Kazakh notional verbs beginning with tur- is used in conjunction with the suffixes a\-e\-j, -p\-ip\-yp, -ğaly\ -geli\-qaly\-keli. Moreover, this study innovatively adopted a novel linguistic research method, i.e., determining whether the verbs’ lexical meaning is continuous, static, repetitive, productive, and bounded, when analyzing the combination features of tur- with notional verbs, instead of using the conventional analytical classification by the Kazakh verbs’ lexical meaning. In addition to that, this study also systematically describes the subtle differences in the aspectual meaning of tur- as well as the implied mood and fixed expression of its usage in sentences.  This research not only depicts the overall characteristics of the auxiliary verb tur but also contributes to distinguishing it from other auxiliary verbs such as zhat (zhatyr), otyr and zhur.

II Interuniversity Online Scientific Seminar in Memoriam of Professor Vera V. Babaytseva “Multiaspectivenes of Language and Speech Units” (Novosibirsk, NSU, February 10, 2022)

The review on the scientific seminar in memoriam of Professor V. V. Babaytseva devoted to the problem of multiaspectiveness of the language and speech units. The seminar took place online on the digital platform of Novosibirsk National Research State University and joined scholars from twelve universities of Russia (Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Orel, Ufa, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok) and China (Beijing). Different scientific directions were presented there: the School of synchronous transitivity (formed by Vera Vasilievna Babaitseva) and Novosibirsk syntactic school (formed by Maya Ivanovna Cheremisina). Presented reports covered number of topical grammar issues of the modern Russian language: problems of morphology discussed by Natalia Petrova, Anna Bertiakova, Elena Sorokina, and Maria Milovanova; problems of syntax addressed by Natalia Koshkareva, Irina Vysotskaya, and Larisa Bednarskaya. The seminar’s main theme was the linguistic mechanisms behind the formation of grammatical semantics and ways of its interpreting. A number of accounts were based on the literary language of Alexander Pushkin (a report by Irina Fadeeva), Nikolai Gogol (a report by Ekaterina Ogoltseva), Vasiliy Shukshin (a report by Galiya Khisamova). Zhou Haiyan presented her monograph “The Study of Transient Phenomena in Russian Grammar” (Beijing: Peking University, 2021). Maria Milovanova announced the publication of a collective monograph “General and Russian Linguoaxiology” (Moscow: Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkin State Institute of Russian Language, 2022) A report by Tatiana Guskova expressed the idea of a multiple-aspect study of Professor Babaitseva's creative heritage.

NEW BORROWINGS AS THE MEANS OF MODERN WORD FORMATION

Introduction. Lexical and semantic system of any language is constantly changing underthe influence of lingual and extralingual factors. One of such factors is the appearance of newborrowings as special lexical layer of the language. Studying the borrowings’ word formationpeculiarities is rather actual task in modern Ukrainian linguistics. Purpose. The paper aimsto analyze word forming force of new borrowings in modern Ukrainian and establish lingualand extralingual factors influencing their derivative capacity. Methods. The given researchis grounded on the analytical and descriptive method, which includes observation, generalization,and typology of the factual material. Results. It has been proved that new borrowings, whichdo not decline and have rather weak derivative capacity, comprise certain semantic and structuralgroup in lexical system of modern Ukrainian language. On the criterion of their genderdifferentiation the paper illustrates the derivative force of new borrowings which serve as the basisfor the formation of different parts of speech derivations. Special attention is paid to the lingualand extralingual factors which predetermine derivative potential of new borrowings as meansof word formation. Conclusion. Borrowed words reveal their word formation capacity differently. Some of them are rather productive and realize their derivative options in new formed nouns,adjectives and verbs. The rest of them show their zero productive capacity. Main factors influencingthe derivative force of new borrowings are the followings: lexical and grammatical semantics,phonomorphemic structure, the level of word formation, the duration of their functioningin the language, frequency of their usage.

«Поэзия грамматики» в стихотворении О. Седаковой «Алатырь»

It is known that grammar is a link between the meanings of lexical and figurative-symbolic. The article proposes one of the possible options for interpreting O. Sedakova’s poem “Alatyr”, based mainly on his poetic grammar. Attention is focused on the change of temporal plans, infinitive series and the subject sphere of the poem. It has been shown that grammatical semantics, reinforced by lexical indicators, helps the poet to more accurately and deeply reveal the symbolic image of Alatyr through the image of the “cross of time” connecting the past with the future, to come to sleep, life with death, the beginning with the end. Infinitive series at the end of the poem, mainly consisting of verbs of imperfect form, allow Sedakova to express, at the grammatical level, a contemplation of real-irreal reality as sleep-death and make the implicitly presented modal plan of the poem more ambiguous. An open subjective position in infiinitives (ambiguous implied dative) makes it possible to interpret the filling of the subject sphere in different ways, to perceive it both as external (belonging to the reader) and as internal (belonging to the lyrical hero). The subject sphere organized in this way becomes trans-subject, and the poetic discourse acquires the opportunity to be assigned to any speaker.

Глагольно-именные предикативные сочетания немецкого языка: опыт типологического описания

The aim of the study is to give a typological description of the verbal-nominal predicative combinations in the German language, taking into account a wide range of parameters. The article systematizes the functions of these linguistic units in the German language. A list of grammatical and semantic characteristics relevant for the selection of typological groups is determined. An attempt is made to describe the units under study on the basis of the peculiarities of their structure and the grammatical meanings expressed by them. The scientific novelty lies in the involvement of the grammatical semantics of the nominal component as one of the main parameters. As a result, the main structural-semantic types and subtypes of the studied analytical structures in the German language are identified.

Grammatical Semantics and Cultural Criticism in Kurdish Language

لێكدانه‌وه‌ی ئه‌و واتایانه‌ی‌ له‌ ده‌ق و گوتاردا وه‌ك ڕێكبه‌ندییه‌كی سه‌ربه‌خۆ هه‌ن، كاری ڕه‌خنه‌ی كه‌لتورییه‌ له‌ كایه‌ی سێمانتیكی ڕێكبه‌ندیدا . په‌ینه‌بردن به‌ واتا به‌خشكه‌یی ده‌ربڕراوه‌كان له‌ڕێكبه‌ندییه‌ كه‌لتورییه‌كاندا‌ له غیابی ئاوه‌زمه‌ندی و باڵاده‌ستی سۆز و عاتیفه‌وه‌‌ سه‌رچاوه‌ ده‌گرێت و‌ له‌ ڕێی ڕه‌وانبێژی و شیعرییه‌ته‌وه‌ له‌ قاڵبی ده‌ق و گوتاردا ده‌بێت، ئه‌وه‌ش هۆكارێكه‌‌ بۆ چاندنی گه‌لێك دیارده‌ی نالۆژیكی له‌ كه‌لتوردا . كه‌لتوریش به‌ ڕه‌گی كۆمه‌ڵدا ڕۆچووه‌ و لێكجیاكردنه‌وه‌یان ئه‌سته‌مه. هه‌ربۆیه‌ ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ كه‌ به‌ناونیشانی (سێمانتيكى ڕێكبه‌ندى و ڕه‌خنه‌ی كه‌لتورى له‌ زمانی كورديدا)‌یه‌ ، هه‌وڵده‌دات له‌ سێ به‌شدا و به‌ پێڕه‌وكردنی میتۆدی په‌سنی شیكه‌ره‌وه‌یی و به‌سوود وه‌رگرتن له‌ تیۆریی په‌یوه‌ندیكردن(communication) ی (ڕۆمان جاكۆبسون)، (سێمانتیكی ڕێكبه‌ندی) وه‌ك جۆرێكی نوێ له‌ سێمانتیك بهێنێته‌ ناو زمانه‌وانی كوردییه‌وه‌ و له‌و واتا شاراوانه‌ بكۆڵێته‌وه‌‌، كه‌ له‌ دروسته‌ی ڕێكبه‌ندی و ڕه‌خنه‌ی كه‌لتورییه‌وه‌ سه‌رچاوه‌ده‌گرن و جیاوازن له‌ واتای زمانیی و ئه‌ده‌بی ده‌ق و گوتار . ‌له‌ زمانی كوردیدا ئه‌وه‌ یه‌كه‌مجاره‌ ده‌ست بۆ بابه‌تی سێمانتیكی ڕێكبه‌ندی ده‌برێت، ئه‌وه‌ش گرفتی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌یه . چۆنییه‌تی په‌یبردن به‌ واتا ڕێكبه‌ندییه‌‌ شاراوه‌كانی پشت ده‌ق و گوتاری كوردی ئامانجی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌یه‌، كه‌ هه‌وڵده‌درێت به‌پێی بنه‌ماكانی سێمانتیكی ڕێكبه‌ندی ڕوون بكرێته‌وه‌‌‌ .

The theory of the aspectuality of the Russian school in the focus of the Chinese linguistic school

The subject of the research is the theory of aspectuality in Russian and Chinese languages: this theory defines the main ways to prevent linguistic interference (the consequences of the influence of one language on another) among students. The object of the study is the theoretical study of the verb of the Russian and Chinese languages. The author examines in detail the functional characteristics of the category of aspectuality in Russian and Chinese languages. In addition, he explores the meaning of aspectual forms in the system of Russian and Chinese languages, etc. Particular attention is paid to identifying patterns in the Russian and Chinese grammar, defining verbal grammatical semantics, comparing the languages with further description and systematization of aspectual meanings and means of their transmission. The main conclusions of the study are related to the specificity of the theory of aspectuality of the Russian school in the focus of the Chinese linguistic school. The Russian verb is the central section of the grammatical system, acting as the core of the sentence and denoting the variability of reality. In Chinese language, the verb serves as an important component of the part-speech system, correlates with the subject, expressed pronoun or noun. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is to identify the functional and semantic characteristics of the category of aspectuality in Russian and Chinese languages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of the typological approach, a comparative analysis of the problems is made: the problems are connected with the category of aspectuality in Russian and Chinese languages, with the category of the aspect of the verb, with its internal form as a specific way of displaying and presenting knowledge about the world, a special «linguistic worldview».

Expression of voice relation in the languages of different structure: is there a category of voice in Hungarian?

Introduction. This article is a development of an earlier study on the grammatical categories of the verb in Hungarian in comparison with Russian. The subject of study in this work is the grammatical category of voice, one of the most common verbal categories, typical for Russian verbs and absent in the Hungarian language, as well as the ways of its transmission when translated into Hungarian. The purpose of this work is to analyze the grammatical forms of the Hungarian and Russian verbs expressing voice relations and to establish the corresponding equivalents of the category of voice in Russian in the Hungarian language. Materials and Methods. The research material is verbal vocabulary selected from lexicographic works (dictionaries of the Hungarian and Russian languages), linguistic and journalistic sources, grammars of the Hungarian language. The article considers both the written form of the modern Hungarian language and examples from live colloquial speech. The methodological framework of this study is based on researches on general linguistics, the theory of morphology, contributing to the formulation of the problem, determining the degree of its development in the research literature, as well as familiarizing with the conceptual approaches to the voice as an ambiguously interpreted grammatical category of the verb. The methods used in the study are comparative-typological, synchronous-descriptive and functional-semantic methods. Results and Discussion. In the course of study it revealed how inflectional and derivational means helping to express the grammatical semantics of the category of voice in Russian can adequately convey the categorical meaning in the Hungarian language, in which the category of voice is absent. The comparative study of two languages helps to identify the features inherent in each of them, which generally contributes to solving the problems associated with the practice of their teaching. The results of the work based on the data of the ongoing research may be useful in the analysis of other grammatical categories on the material of various languages. Conclusion. Despite the fact that verbs in the Hungarian language do not have a passive voice, the means and forms of its expression are represented in it by a developed and diverse system. The study allows making a step forward in understanding the typological specifics of the voice category and make a certain contribution to the general theory of this phenomenon, since it was the first study of the verb forms of two heterogeneous, genetically unrelated languages based on a comparative analysis in grammatical, semantic and functional aspects.

Инклюзивность в переводе: размышления о предписывающем феномене

The article deals with the current phenomenon of inclusive language use, which is lately intensively discussed not only among linguists and translatologists but also in numerous newspaper articles, television programmes and blogs. The article identifies new language trends, especially the non-binary approach to reflecting gender; but also the changes in the conceptualisation of nationality, age designation and the physical condition of the individual. Paricular examples from the Hungarian, German and English languages show the impact of inclusive mechanisms in the relationship between different cultures. The article is aimed to describe the consequences of the new regulations for language use. It also highlights the difficulties of politically correct intercultural communication associated with the progressive evolution of language, differences in cultural norms and value orientations, as well as the grammatical design and semantics of language units and their associative links. From a translatological point of view, it is important that the construction of inclusivity is strongly language-dependent, since, for example, not all languages have a grammatical genus. Linguistic inclusivity manifests itself primarily in gender-equitable language use, languages without grammatical genus, such as Finnish or Hungarian, are not affected by this discussion. The article also discusses the problems that grammatical genderlessness can cause in translations/interpretations. Ethnonyms are another problem area. This is also language pair-dependent. This becomes clear with the term Sinti and Roma, which is generally used in the German-speaking world as a politically correct variant of the former, pejoratively connoted variant Gypsy. Translatologically, this can lead to linguistic and intercultural problem cases. Researching the topic of inclusivity for the field of translatology can provide translators/interpreters with important information to develop translation strategies for inclusive intercultural communication and thus contribute to correct, effective and high-quality translation/interpretation.