Linguistic Forms Research Articles

Is synthesizing a Cu35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 high-entropy alloy beyond the rules of solid-solution formation?

In this research, an attempt was made to produce multi-component nanocrystalline Cu­35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 alloy by mechanical alloying. To produce this high-entropy alloy, the primary powders were milled for 40 h and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and DSC analyses. The milling process has reduced the size of the crystallites to the nanometer scale and a nanostructured multicomponent powder with a crystallite size of 29 nm was obtained. According to the XRD patterns and EDS maps of the milled powder for the longest time, aluminum and copper were homogeneously distributed, cobalt had a less homogeneous distribution than these two elements, but nickel and titanium remained in concentrated spots. Finally, thermodynamic calculations were done to clarify the reason for the impossibility of forming a solid solution for the synthesis of the Cu­35Co35Ni20Ti5Al5 high-entropy alloy.

Study of Conditional Glass Formers (II) on Basics of Optical Electronegativity

Concept of Electronegativity is used by so many researchers to calculate Refractive index Band energy, Dielectric constant, Metallization criterion, Basicity, Oxide ion polarizability, Bond ionicity, Third order non-linear optical susceptibility to study the so many glass systems. Here the concept of optical electronegativity is used to study these parameters for conditional glass formers refer as (II) of group V(A,B) and VI(A,B). They are Ta2O5, Nb2O5, V2O5, Cr2O3, Bi2O3, TeO2, MoO3, As2O3, WO3, Se2O3. It is observed that on decreasing the values of optical electronegativity, optical band energy, metallization criterion, and bond iconicity decreases; and optical dielectric constant, optical basicity, oxide ion polarizability refractive index, third order non linear optical susceptibility increases. All conditional glass forming oxides (II) are according to Pauling's packing rule, Goldschmidt radius ratio rule, Zachariasen's random network theory and rules for formation of glass and Sun’s single bond strength theory. For Conditional glass formers (II) radius ratio rc/ra = 0.250-0.492, [except Bi2O3 (0.75) & TeO2 (0.87)] and single bond strength greater than 90 Kcal/mol. According to Sun’s, high bond strength oxides are not good glass formers because they themselves do not forms glass; but when they forms small ring in the melt of these materials which would result in easy crystallization. Key Words: Refractive index Band energy, Dielectric constant, Metallization criterion, Basicity, Oxide ion polarizability, Bond ionicity, Third order non-liner optical susceptibility.

STUDY OF GLASS FORMERS ON BASICS OF OPTICAL ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Concept of electronegativity is used by so many researchers to study Refractive index, Band energy, Dielectric constant, Metallization criterion, Basicity, Oxide ion polarizability, Bond ionicity, Third order non-linear optical susceptibility to study so many glass systems. Here the concept of optical electronegativity is used to study these parameters in glass formers. It is observed that on decreasing the values of optical electronegativity; optical band energy, metallization criterion, and bond ionicity decreases; where as optical dielectric constant, optical basicity, oxide ion polarizability refractive index and third order non linear optical susceptibility increases. All glass forming oxides are according to Pauling's packing rule, Goldschmidt radius ratio rule, Zachariasen's random network theory and rules for formation of glass and Sun’s single bond strength theory. For glass formers radius ratio rc/ra = 0.14-0.40, [except P2O5] and single bond strength greater than 90 Kcal/mol. Key Words: Band energy, Basicity, Optical dielectric constant, Oxide ion polarizability, Refractive index.

A Review: RC Sentence Processing

The question of whether and how native speakers and L2 learners process speech differently, as well as if transfer implications being available, may be answered by looking at ambiguity decision, one of the basic parsing procedures used in natural language processing. Studies have looked into how L1 and L2 speakers of different languages handle the RC ambiguity differently. In order to address the issues of transfer effects as well as the distinctions between L1 and L2 interpreting, differences between native speakers' and L2 learners' parsing selections, as well as some factors (working memory, animacy, discourse, syntax or semantic information, etc.) used during the experiments in ambiguity resolution, may add an entirely novel viewpoint. Although most of the studies tried to bring a solution with one-stage or two-stage models, the argument of this study is that there are definitely differences between the L1 and L2 processing and ambiguity resolving, and also, universality is impossible. Therefore, there needs to be much more evidences with the same instruments, tasks, and same sources of information conducted to vast amount of participant groups (from different ages, or different backgrounds) in order to reach a certain conclusion to state the reason behind this difference.

Eye movements unveil sensitivity of naïve listeners to iconicity of Russian onomatopoeic words

Iconicity between form and meaning of words is considered to be instrumental in relating linguistic forms to sensorimotor experience. Some Russian onomatopoeic words (e.g. bac ‘bang’) depict sounds and indicate action connected to these sounds. This study investigated how sensitive adult Finnish L1 speakers with no prior knowledge of Russian are to the iconicity of spoken onomatopoeic words in Russian. First, an iconicity rating test was used to establish the iconicity levels for each token from the perspective of Finnish native speakers who had never learned Russian before. Second, an eye-tracking experiment using different participants, who were also native in Finnish and unfamiliar with Russian, employed the visual world paradigm to test visual recognition of the meaning of spoken words. Our results revealed that iconicity rating for each token varied within the class of onomatopoeic words, and that iconicity ratings for different words were strongly connected with their semantic transparency.

Analysis of the role and use of prefixes in word formation in modern german compared to english

The aim of the paper is to formulate and summarise the research on word formation in German in comparison with English. The literature review made it possible to conduct a typological analysis of word formation rules in German and English to classify the scope of current research in this area. The results showed that the paradigm shift of recent years has led to increased attention to issues related to language use and empirical issues, theories, and methods of word formation not only from a synchronic perspective but also from a diachronic one. The fact that words are formed distinguishes them from a competing process, phrase formation, in which phrases, i.e., groups of words, form collocations rather than words, i.e., groups of words to verbalise concepts. Since a phrase verbalises a concept in the same way as a word, these two methods compete both at the intra- and inter-linguistic levels. We conclude that it is the potential of word formation that distinguishes modern language from primitive language. The comparative compilation of German and English word formation models has led us to the typology of language.

Профжаргон американского военнослужащего в гендерном аспекте

The article is devoted to the analysis of the professional world perception of American military personnel from an axiological and gender perspective. The object of this study is the value system of the US military community, as expressed in military jargon. The subject of the research is the linguistic forms through which gender stereotypes are manifested in the nominal units of the socio-group dialect. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the thesis on the patriarchal nature of the US military community, which is permeated with gender stereotypes and relies on the language phenomena of the military sociolect. This work aims to empirically identify social stereotypes explicit in the speech practices of informal communication. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the author's interpretation and categorization of gender-marked jargon vocabulary used by the representatives of the US military community. The results of the study revealed that the unofficial register of military jargon reflects the androcentrism of the military culture cluster. This is the first attempt to dissect the axiosphere of the GI through the conflicts of communicative practices in the standard and substandard (sociolect) registers of military jargon. The study also identified the most common gender stereotypes about women in the military environment.

Этнические стереотипы в материалах сайта CNN в 2011-2022 гг.

The paper presents the results of a linguistic study of ethnic stereotypes, which was conducted using the material of CNN publications posted on the English-language website in 2011-2022. The aim of the research is to determine the evaluative orientation of ethnic stereotypes that receive linguistic objectification in CNN articles and videos during the specified period. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that, based on the analysis of linguistic material, the evaluative characteristics of ethnic groups that have become the subject of description in the mass media have been identified and their typical behavior patterns have been verified. Using linguistic research methods, the authors of the paper have obtained scientifically confirmed data suggesting that the repeatability of assessments, including those explicated through keywords, forms a stereotype as a mental image and makes it accessible to the perception of a linguistic personality. The research findings show that the negative characteristics of ethnic groups were more frequently actualized in CNN materials during these years, which corresponds to the generally accepted scientific thesis about the predominance of negative assessments in heterostereotypes. Along with the successful interaction of representatives of different countries in such spheres of life as tourism, fashion, sports, the growth of interethnic tensions in political communication contributed to the formation of a negative image of “strangers” in the worldview of US citizens, as evidenced by value judgments recorded in linguistic form in the media texts.

Плюрализация как тенденция в развитии грамматической нормы (на примере функционирования приложений, выраженных топонимами)

The aim of this research is to identify the potentials for the pluralization of the linguistic (grammatical) norm at the syntactic level of the Russian language. The article examines the grammatical (syntactic) norm in terms of its potential pluralization in synchrony. This norm is compared according to the level in its rigidity with the norms of other language levels – orthoepy, vocabulary, for which linguists acknowledge unconditional pluralization possibilities. Demonstrating the flexibility of the syntactic norm and its tendency towards plurality, the study vividly illustrates through the functioning of a syntactic construction, the use of toponyms as appositions. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the flexibility of the grammatical (syntactic) norm is explored for the first time based on the material of toponymic appositions, the functioning of which is regulated by strict rules. As a result of the study, it was determined that both coordinated and uncoordinated case variants of using toponymic appositions coexist in usage, indicating that the grammatical (syntactic) norm can be considered as a type of communicative norm, context-dependent, and linked to the concept of a speech situation. In other words, one should speak of the appropriateness or inappropriateness of a linguistic form, rather than its correctness or incorrectness.

The Consistency of Linguistic Formation with the Quranic Comma in the Story of Prophet Lot: A Semantic Contextual Study

ينهض هذا البحث بالكشف عن العلاقة بين التشكيل اللغوي والفاصلة القرآنية في قصة لوط عليه السلام، لسببين الأول: أن الفاصلة القرآنية تمثل رافدًا من روافد إعجاز القرآن الكريم، وهي تأتي متسقة لغويًّا مع الدلالة التي عبرت عنها في سياقها، أما الآخر: فهو بيان لغة الخطاب القرآني في قصة لوط عليه السلام؛ وإبراز عاقبة من فعلوا الفاحشة؛ ومن سلك مسلكهم في كل زمان، باتباع المنهج الوصفي الاستقرائي مفيدًا من آليات التحليل الإحصائي، من خلال رصد البناء اللغوي للفواصل، والوقوف على الدلالات الكامنة فيها، وانتهى البحث إلى أن التشكيل اللغوي اتفق مع الفاصلة القرآنية ومقاصدها؛ فصوتيًّا بنيت الفواصل على الصوت المجهور المسبوق بالمد و ذلك أكسب الإيقاع نغمًا قوي الصوت يتسق مع حجم الجرم الذي أقدم عليه قوم لوط، وأن المقاطع الصوتية العائدة عليهم جاءت قليلة بنسبة 6.66%؛ لتوحي بانحصارهم، وديمومة غضب الله، وقهره لأصحاب هذا السلوك غير السوي المخالف للفطرة، وأن التشكيل الصرفي اتسق مع الفاصلة القرآنية والدلالات التي عبرت عنها، فترددت صيغ الجموع وأبنية المشتقات وكثرت الأفعال المضارعة التي توحي بديمومة تكذيب الرسل وتجدده، وبأن القرآن الكريم شاهد على كل العصور، ومخبر بيقين أن مرتكبي الفواحش حالهم ومآلهم واحد، مهما غيروا الأسماء، وأن التشكيل النحوي وما غلب على بنائه من استخدام التركيب النعتي، وما دخله من تقديم وتأخير وحذف، ارتبط مع الفاصلة وأثرى الدلالة، وتوصي الدراسة بالوقوف أمام النظم القرآني للكشف عن وجوه إعجازه اللغوي المتجدد، ومعالجته قضايا العصر.

Registers Used in Online Food Shops of Instagram: A Sociolinguistic Analysis

The jargon of any given online store will be unlike that used in regular communication. In the context of online grocery stores, there are special words for describing certain occurrences. Many online grocery store registers are available, with the English language being the most common. In this regard, this study studies the linguistic forms and the significance of those registries employed by online food businesses and Instagram profiles. This study is a qualitative in nature quantitative investigation. This study aims to examine the English registers used on Facebook sites for restaurants and grocery stores with the goal of determining their forms and implications. The collected information consists of register phrases, phrases, and phrases used in food website shop articles, captions. Instagram food groups and shops, messages exchanged between buyers and sellers, and user-uploaded content from those stores all contribute to the data set. Finding responses, captions, and debates in the mail of food internet shops, reading them over and over again, signaling registers words, and recording discussion, registered words, and phrases are all steps in the data collection process. Larson's Hypothesis of Ambient Relevance and Halliday's Model of Register are applied to the data. The writer sorts the material into types, examines the language in its entirety, examines the situational context, finds the differences between ambient while lexical meanings, and finally draws an conclusion. Scholar discovers information structured according to the syntax (7 verb data, 5 noun data, 1 adjective datum, 12 compound word data, 6 shorthand data, 6 noun phrase data, 6 verb phrase data, and 3 sentence data). The author gathers information from the meaning of words and their context to create an argument.

Study of the Effect of the Module Method on the Achievement in English Grammar of Class VIII Students in Indore City

English is globally recognized as a lingua franca, fostering communication among diverse cultures, and facilitating international trade, diplomacy, and academic exchange. English grammar forms the foundation of effective communication, enabling clarity, precision, and coherence in written and spoken language. The present study aims to acknowledge and importance of modules in teaching the pedagogy of English Grammar in education. The objective of the study was to compare the mean scores of English Grammar achievement of class VIII students before and after treatment. There is no significant difference in the mean scores of English grammar achievement of class VIII students before and after treatment. 145 students were randomly selected for the sample. Data was analyzed with the help of a t-test. Indore Private School students were purposely selected for the sample. The research found that the module is more effective than the traditional method of teaching English Grammar.

Radical Ecopoetics: The Apocalyptic Vision of Jorie Graham’s Sea Change

Jorie Graham’s Sea Change (2008) addresses the environmental crisis engendered by climate change, sending us a dire warning of the end of humanity by featuring an apocalyptic world. Sea Change gives a poetic voice to the dynamics of climate change by embodying the catastrophe in linguistic forms and thus enabling us to experience the ecological crisis. For Graham, poetic imagination is an act of physical or bodily engagement as it brings together linguistic and emotional factors into an embodied performance. This paper explores the affective dimension of Graham’s experimental poetry to demonstrate how her radical ecopoetics allows us to (re)engage with the material world, and how it changes our perceptual and sensorial registers to awaken our sense of interconnectedness with nonhuman others.

Ungkapan Istilah ‘Mas-Mas Jawa’ sebagai Representasi Budaya Jawa dalam Media Sosial Tiktok

Abstract
 The use of linguistic forms which are influenced by the speaker's thoughts can be explained through the meaning process, one of which is the expression of the term "mas-mas Jawa" which requires interpretation of the representation of the term. This research aims to examine the representation of Javanese culture that appears through the term "mas-mas Jawa" on the social media Tiktok. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive analysis techniques. The data collection method is in the form of tapping using a free and skilled listening technique. The data source for this research is TikTok video content which contains the term "mas-mas Jawa." The research results show that a language can show the culture that develops in certain groups of society. Through the term "mas-mas Jawa" which is currently being used virally by Tiktok users, there is a community representation of Javanese culture in an abstract form in the form of life values, a social form in the form of people's personalities, and a physical form in the form of batik as typical clothing. The personality of Javanese men can reflect Javanese culture because in its formation it cannot be separated from cultural influences. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that the representation of TikTok users regarding the term “mas-mas Jawa” is a reflection of the principles of Javanese life, namely sepi ing pamrih, rame ing gawe, memayu hayuning Bawana.
 Keywords: representation; term; Javanese men; Javanese cultur; tiktok

The Emergence of the Contractor’s Innovation Capability at Project Level: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Contractors play a crucial role in ensuring efficient innovation within construction projects but limited research has focused on the innovation capability of contractors. This study utilizes a multi-method approach, including case studies, surveys, and interviews to collect data for analysis. Based on this, a conceptual model is proposed and a simulation mode which utilizes agent-based modeling (ABM) is constructed. ABM is the microscopic bottom-up approach which can describe and follow the agents and interactions. This study proposes a novel conceptual model to examine the emergence of contractor innovation capability at the project level, from a knowledge flow perspective. It fills the research gap regarding innovation capability in temporary cross-organizational projects. Additionally, an ABM simulation model is developed considering project and participant characteristics, providing insights into the formation rule and development mechanisms of contractors’ innovation capability at the project level. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The demand for innovation drives the innovative behavior of different entities within the project. (2) Knowledge availability in public domains and other entities’ knowledge creation capability provide critical support for contractor innovation. (3) Contractors’ capability to absorb and integrate knowledge serves as the foundation for achieving innovation. (4) When contractors possess strong capabilities, effective synergy among organizations facilitates the generation of innovative outcomes.

Untargeted metabolomics revealed the product formation rules of two fermented walnut milk

ABSTRACT This study employed untargeted metabolomics to reveal the changes in the metabolic profile of walnut milk under two different processing methods. The walnut milk of the control group was not treated, which was fermented through L. plantarum in F group, while the walnut milk after proteolysis was fermented in EF group. The results showed that fermentation gradually reduced the pH of walnut milk to 4.70 and 3.61 in F and EF group respectively, for viable count which are 2.9 × 109 CFU/mL and 9.3 × 109 CFU/mL. The antioxidant activity of EF group is significantly higher than Con group (p < 0.05). Through UHPLC-Q-TOF MS and multivariate statistical analysis, the identified metabolites were mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules, as well as organic acids and derivatives. Compared with fermented walnut milk, fermentation after proteolysis significantly increased the functional metabolites contained in walnut milk which are included in antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.

Methodology and Multicriteria Algorithm for Group Decision Support in Classification Problems

In this work, a Group Decision methodology and algorithm for small collaborating teams is introduced. It is based on a multicriteria algorithm for classification decisions, where aggregation of member preferences is executed at the parameter level. The algorithm applies to relatively well-structured problems guided by a process facilitator. Initially, a set of parameters is proposed by the facilitator to the group and next group members evaluate the proposed parameter set and express their preferences in numeric or linguistic format. Individual preferences are aggregated by appropriate operators, and a set of group parameter values is generated, which is used as input for the classification algorithm. NeXClass multicriteria classification algorithm is used for the classification of alternatives, initially at a training set of alternatives and later at the entire set. Finally, group members evaluate results, and consensus, as well as satisfaction metrics, are calculated. In case of a low acceptance level, problem parameters are reviewed by the facilitator, and the aggregation phase is repeated. The methodology is a valid approach for group decision problems and can be utilized in numerous business environments. The algorithm can be also utilized by software agents in multiagent environments for automated decision-making, given the large volume of agent-based decision-making in various settings today.

Fine-Grained Domain Adaptation for Chinese Syntactic Processing

Syntactic processing is fundamental to natural language processing. It provides rich and comprehensive syntax information in sentences that could be potentially beneficial for downstream tasks. Recently, pretrained language models have shown great success in Chinese syntactic processing, which typically involves word segmentation, POS tagging, and dependency parsing. However, the on-going research never ends since performance would be degraded drastically when tested on a highly-discrepant domain. This problem is widely accepted as domain adaptation, where the test domain differs from the training domain in supervised learning. Self-training is one promising solution for it, and straightforward source-to-target adaptation has already shown remarkable effectiveness in previous work. While this strategy ignores the fact that sentences of the target domain sentences may have very different gaps from the source training domain. More specifically, sentences with large gaps might fail by direct self-training adaptation. To this end, we propose fine-grained domain adaptation for Chinese syntactic processing in this work, aiming to model the gaps between the source and the target domains accurately and progressively. The key idea is to divide the target domain into fine-grained subdomains by using a specified domain distance metric, and then perform gradual self-training on the subdomains. We further offer an intuitive theoretical illustration based on the theory of Kumar et al. (2020) approximately. In addition, a novel representation learning framework is proposed to encode fine-grained subdomains effectively, aiming to utilize the above idea fully. Experimental results on benchmark datasets show that our method can achieve significant improvements over a variety of baselines.

The soul and the mask: linguopoetic analysis of V. Bryusov’s poem "If you could not guess yourself..." (to the 150th anniversary of the birth)

The article analyses one of the late V. Ya. Bryusov’s little-known poems. The research focuses on the composition, key semantic fields and oppositions, spatial and temporal organization of the text. The article pays meticulous attention to the ways of presenting the lyrical hero and the linguistic means of expressing agent-object relations. The semantic-stylistic analysis of the text and the method of slow reading show how the lyrical plot unfolds, what accent the linguistic form brings to the interpretation of the figurative and semantic content of the poem, as well as to its subtext formation. Componential analysis is used to characterise the complex of meanings of the lyrical text core units. The research highlights the originality of the mask image and the presentation of the lyrical subject of the poem. The article concludes that the seemingly brief and simple plot conceals a complex intertwined subject-object structure.

Utilizing an Attention-Based LSTM Model for Detecting Sarcasm and Irony in Social Media

Sarcasm and irony represent intricate linguistic forms in social media communication, demanding nuanced comprehension of context and tone. In this study, we propose an advanced natural language processing methodology utilizing long short-term memory with an attention mechanism (LSTM-AM) to achieve an impressive accuracy of 99.86% in detecting and interpreting sarcasm and irony within social media text. Our approach involves innovating novel deep learning models adept at capturing subtle cues, contextual dependencies, and sentiment shifts inherent in sarcastic or ironic statements. Furthermore, we explore the potential of transfer learning from extensive language models and integrating multimodal information, such as emojis and images, to heighten the precision of sarcasm and irony detection. Rigorous evaluation against benchmark datasets and real-world social media content showcases the efficacy of our proposed models. The outcomes of this research hold paramount significance, offering a substantial advancement in comprehending intricate language nuances in digital communication. These findings carry profound implications for sentiment analysis, opinion mining, and an enhanced understanding of social media dynamics.