Grain Yield Of Crop Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФОСФОРИСТОЙ КИСЛОТЫ НА ФУНГИЦИДНУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ КАРБЕНДАЗИМА И ТЕБУКОНАЗОЛА

Fungicidal compositions have been developed for dressing of seeds and protecting crops of cultivated plants from phytopathogenic fungi. Fungicidal compositions as active ingredients contain methyl ester of 2 benzimidazolylcarbamic acid (BMC, carbendazim) and phosphorous acid in a mass ratio of 3 : (1-1.5), respectively, and tebuconazole with phosphorous acid in a mass ratio of 1 : (1-5). The formulation is in the form of a flowable suspension paste. The fungicidal activity of the fungicides on wheat seedlings was studied and field tests were carried out. The proposed fungicidal compositions have a synergistic effect, which reduces the consumption rates of active substances, reduces the fungicidal load on the environment, stimulates plant growth, and increases the yield of grain crops.

Temporal-spatial characteristics of climate drought and its effects on grain yield in Hunan Province, China

The examination of the spatiotemporal characteristics and developmental trends of drought is crucial for enhancing water resource management, bolstering drought resistance, and improving disaster prevention capabilities. This study employs the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and grain yield data across various time scales, in conjunction with methodologies such as Run Theory, Mann-Kendall, and Standardized Yield Residual Series, to conduct an in-depth investigation into the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of meteorological drought in Hunan Province and its impact on grain yield. The findings suggest that: (1) Since 1960, the likelihood of seasonal drought occurrence in Hunan Province has been ranked as autumn > winter > spring > summer, with mild drought occurring most frequently, followed by moderate drought, while the frequency of severe and extreme drought remains low. (2) Meteorological drought in Hunan Province exhibits spatial differences at the seasonal scale, with the overall drought changes in spring and summer displaying a non-significant upward trend; the western and southern regions exhibit a trend of aridification in autumn; and in winter, the Zhangjiajie and Xiangxi regions show an insignificant downward trend. (3) From 1960 to 2022, grain production in Hunan Province has demonstrated a pattern of fluctuation and increase. The meteorological yield of grain crops displays a high-low-high spatial distribution from south to north. Concurrently, there is a positive correlation between short-term climate change and meteorological output, while long-term climate change is not evident. (4) El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a significant circulation factor affecting meteorological drought in Hunan Province, and the meteorological drought in autumn and winter in Hunan Province is significantly influenced by ENSO. The research findings can provide reference significance and a scientific basis for drought research and comprehensive management in Hunan Province, and offer data and theoretical support for promoting economic development.

Влияние регуляторов роста нового поколения на урожайность озимой пшеницы

In the formation of grain crops, an important place is given not only to the problem of nutrition, but also to the ability to manage the processes of growth and development in order to fully realize the vital potential of plants. Therefore, the introduction of new progressive technologies with the use of growth regulators is highly relevant, as it will allow to obtain stable yields of grain crops of good quality even under adverse weather conditions. The purpose of the research was to identify the effectiveness of using new generation growth regulators in the cultivation of winter wheat with different seeding rates, as one of the elements of agricultural technology in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in 2021-2024 at the experimental field of the laboratory of technology for the cultivation of winter cereals and fertilizer application systems of the Technological Center for Agriculture of the Nemchinovka Agricultural Center (Moscow region, Marushkinskoye settlement of Moscow, Sokolovo village). The maximum photosynthetic potential was set in the variant with the combined use of Moddus with Anti-leaching at a seeding rate of 550 pcs/m2 and was equal to 2784 thousand m2 day/ha, that is, 538 thousand m2 day/ha more than the minimum value, in the control variant without the use of growth regulators with a seeding rate of 500 pcs/m2. The maximum amount of dry biomass was set on the variant with the combined use of a Moddus with an Anti-leaching agent at a seeding rate of 550 pcs/m2 and was 10.35 t/ha, that is, 2.79 t/ha more than the minimum value. The maximum net photosynthesis productivity was set for the Moddus variant with a seeding rate of 550 pcs/m2 and was equal to 1.56 g/m2 per day. The maximum economic yield of winter wheat on average for 2022-2024 was set on the option of joint application of Moddus with Anti-leaching at a seeding rate of 550 pcs/m2 and was equal to 7.47 t/ha, that is, 1.36 t/ha more than the minimum value.

The TaWAK2-TaNAL1-TaDST pathway regulates leaf width via cytokinin signaling in wheat.

Leaves play a crucial role in photosynthesis and respiration, ultimately affecting the final grain yield of crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat leaf development remain largely unknown. Here, we isolated a narrow-leaf gene, TaWAK2-A, through a map-based cloning strategy. TaWAK2-A encodes a wall-associated kinase (WAK), for which a single Ala-to-Val amino acid substitution reduces the protein stability, leading to a narrow-leaf phenotype in wheat. Further investigation suggests that TaWAK2 directly interacts with and phosphorylates TaNAL1, a trypsin-like serine/cysteine protease. The phosphorylated TaNAL1 is then involved in the degradation of the zinc finger transcription factor TaDST, which acts as a repressor of leaf expansion by activating the expression of the cytokinin oxidase gene TaCKX9 and triggering in vivo cytokinin degradation. Therefore, our findings elucidate a signaling cascade involving TaWAK2-TaNAL1-TaDST that sheds light on the regulation of wheat leaf development.

Scientific Substantiation of Determination of Mineral Fertilizer Needs of the Russian Federation

The paper considers the issue of scientifically based determination of the need for mineral fertilizers to obtain various gross grain harvest in the near future. In contrast to the previously developed principles for determining the need for mineral fertilizers, a different approach is outlined, which is based on calculations not for the whole country, but for Federal Districts, since their natural and climatic conditions are very diverse. This made it possible to take into account the variability of the calculated data affecting the yield of grain crops and the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers for them. First of all, this applies to the soil cover and agrochemical properties of soils. According to the data obtained, the yield of winter wheat obtained without the use of fertilizers varied from 23.2 to 34.1 c/ha, and the increase in N60 was from 11.4 to 2.2 c/ha. A more significant increase in yield was established during the transition of soils according to the degree of agrochemical cultivation from low to increased to high. The yield of winter wheat on sod-podzolic soil increases 5 times and amounts to 36.7 kg/ha. Similar data were obtained on other types of soils. The need for mineral fertilizers to produce 145–150 million tons of grain is estimated at 5.4 million tons, for 170–175 million tons – at 8.4 million tons.

Analyzing the impact of precision farming on the yield of grain crops based on production functions

Analyzing the impact of precision farming on the yield of grain crops based on production functions

Сравнительная оценка урожайности зерновых культур в зависимости от лимитирующих факторов в условиях почвозащитного земледелия

Abstract. The aim of work – to identify the influence of limiting factors on increasing the yield of grain crops in crop rotations and soil fertility in a sloping landscape. The following methods were used during the study: field, Kosyrev, thermostatic-weight, ionometric, Machigin, Tyurin, quantitative, balance calculations of yield. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the yield of field crops in grain-steam crop rotations was estimated from the influence of meteorological conditions, moisture, mobile forms of nutrients, humus, seedlings and weed infestation in the arid conditions of the Orenburg Trans-Urals. Results. As a result of research (2021–2023), it was revealed that during the growing season (May-August), the average monthly air temperature (18.6 ℃) and the number of dry days (76) adversely affect (55.85 and 67.50 %) the yield (1.00 t/ha) of barley in the lower part of the slope. In the upper and middle parts of the slope, dry days (56.75 and 64.45 %) negatively affect the yield (1.44 and 1.20 t/ha) of barley. Precipitation in the form of rain (116 mm) during the growing season has a beneficial effect (53.05 %) on the yield (1.34 t/ha) of durum wheat in the middle part of the slope. Spring moisture reserves (152.1 mm) in a meter layer of soil have a positive effect (75.15 %) on the yield (1.30 t/ha) of soft wheat in the upper part of the slope. The increase in yield (1.45 t/ha) of durum wheat and (1.44 t/ha) of barley in the upper part of the slope is due to the influence of (72.30 and 56.05 %) phosphorus content (4.7 and 4.1 mg / 100 g) in the arable soil layer by the end of the growing season. In the middle and lower parts of the slope, the yield of soft wheat (1.20 and 1.10 t/ha) depends on the effect (65.50 and 54.01 %) of the residual content (4.7 and 4.4 mg / 100 g) of phosphorus. The use of agrotechnical soil protection techniques increases the yield of grain crops in crop rotations and soil fertility on the slope, especially on the upper part.

Эффективность производства зерна в условиях изменения климата в Зауралье

Abstract. The economic efficiency of grain production is determined by the level of return on the resources spent by the cost of the products received. Weather factors play an important role. Climate changes in the Trans-Urals are primarily associated with the warming of the spring and summer months, increased aridity of the growing season and the expansion of the boundary of this process from the southeast to the northwest. The contrast in moisture availability of different years is combined with uneven precipitation in the region throughout the year. The profitability of farms in the production of grain crops is characterized by the same heterogeneity. The purpose of the study is to establish the economic efficiency of grain production in the context of climate change using the example of the Trans-Urals. The tasks are to analyze the impact of climate change on the yield of grain crops in the region, to analyze the efficiency of resource use by agricultural enterprises; using the example of the most highly profitable farms to identify factors to increase the efficiency of grain production. The methods of monographic and statistical analysis of data from scientific literature, open statistical sources, agronomic and economic reports of agricultural enterprises were used. The scientific novelty of the research consists in studying the efficiency of grain production in the context of climate change and in relation to the volatility of grain prices and means of production. The results of the study showed that since the early 2000s, despite a significant increase in the use of fertilizers, the growth of grain yields has stopped, which is primarily due to the deterioration of plant moisture conditions. At the same time, an increase in costs, although it leads to an increase in productivity, but to a lesser extent, as a result, the cost of grain increases, and the profitability of production decreases. Enterprises have been identified that, in the conditions of climate change and high volatility of grain prices and resources, have found ways to efficiently produce grain: replace solid fertilizers with liquid fertilizers, apply effective, including agrotechnical, methods of tillage and plant protection, use highly productive varieties, obtaining the highest profitability in the region.

Potassium Application Impacts Chickpea Yield and Nutritional Status

ABSTRACT As one of the three primary plant nutrients, plant growth and development depend on soil potassium (K) availability. However, plants often face K deficiency in the soil. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an excellent source of vegetable protein. However, optimum chickpea growth is affected by K limitation. This study evaluated whether K application in an Oxisol influences chickpea growth, grain yield, and nutritional status. We conducted a greenhouse experiment in an Oxisol with four K application rates (0, 40, 80, and 150 kg ha−1) and four replicates. Our results showed that K application significantly increased chickpea grain yield (R2 = 0.968), shoot weight, root dry weight, and the number of pods. In addition, the K application rate in the soil increased with increasing K application rate. In addition, the concentrations of K and P in the grain are affected by K application. In addition, K improved the K concentration in the shoot (R2 = 0.756) and grain (R2 = 0.833). However, the application of high levels of K did not increase K accumulation in the seeds, indicating that the use of low doses of K (≤80 kg ha−1) is sufficient to support plant growth and nutrition and avoid K loss. Finally, the benefits of K in plants are more than an increase in the grain yield of crops. However, K plays a dominant role in the root system. For instance, this benefit enhances K acquisition from the soil for plants.

GRAIN YIELD AND SIDERAL MASS OF FIELD CROPS IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

Background. For the first time in the abiotic conditions of the Lower Volga region on light chestnut soils, new methods of biologization of soil fertility preservation and specialized field crop rotations based on the replacement of pure steam with sideral steam with little–studied crops for green fertilizer – biennial yellow clover, oats and phacelia were developed and studied; the structure of sown areas includes cultures of various biological groups, including cereals, legumes, oilseeds, rowed and perennial legumes; in addition to siderates, organic fertilizers are used in the form of straw and crop –root residues of cultivated crops. The purpose of the work is the influence of pure and sideral steam on the yield of field crops Materials and methods. The study of the influence of sideral masses on the yield of grain crops in field crop rotations in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. Results. According to the conducted research, it has been established that biologized crop rotations are the first major stage in the transition to organic farming in the Volgograd region. The best option for the soils of the dry-steppe zone of chestnut subzones of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region is a four-field biologized field crop rotation and a five-field crop rotation with sideral steam (donnik). Conclusion. Data analysis showed that the best indicators of winter wheat yield were obtained for pure and sideral (sweet clover) pairs - 1.8 t/ha, chickpeas for the predecessor winter wheat in the five–field crop rotation - 0.87 t/ha and spring barley for the predecessor chickpeas – 1.48 t/ha.

Моніторинг ефективності зернового господарства України: фактори впливу та повоєнні перспективи

A comprehensive analysis of production efficiency was carried out, a model was developed and the degree of influence of factors on the level of profitability of growing grain crops was calculated. Forecasts of the yield of grain crops, wheat, corn, and barley for the nearest future have been built, taking into account the patterns that have developed over the previous period (1950- 2022). Forecast indicators of the profitability of the production of grain crops for the short-term perspective have been determined. The dependence of the efficiency of grain-growing enterprises on the average size of their sown areas was assessed. It was established that a positive return from the effect of scale, which is reflected in the form of an increase in productivity and profitability, is observed in grain farming enterprises when the land bank is increased to 5,000 hectares.

The BEL1-like homeodomain protein OsBLH4 regulates rice plant height, grain number, and heading date by repressing the expression of OsGA2ox1.

Gibberellins (GAs) play crucial roles in regulating plant architecture and grain yield of crops. In rice, the inactivation of endogenous bioactive GAs and their precursors by GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) regulates stem elongation and reproductive development. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GA2ox gene expression, especially in rice reproductive organs, are unknown. The BEL1-like homeodomain protein OsBLH4, a negative regulatory factor for the rice OsGA2ox1 gene, was identified in this study. Loss of OsBLH4 function results in decreased bioactive GA levels and pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced plant height, decreased grain number per panicle, and delayed heading date, as also observed in OsGA2ox1-overexpressing plants. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, OsBLH4 was predominantly expressed in shoots and young spikelets; its encoded protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus. Molecular analysis demonstrated that OsBLH4 directly bound to the promoter region of OsGA2ox1 to repress its expression. Genetic assays revealed that OsBLH4 acts upstream of OsGA2ox1 to control rice plant height, grain number, and heading date. Taken together, these results indicate a crucial role for OsBLH4 in regulating rice plant architecture and yield potential via regulation of bioactive GA levels, and provide a potential strategy for genetic improvements of rice.

Statistical analysis of the development of the plant production industry by the example of changes in the average yield of grain crops in the XX century. Part 1. Period 1900 - 1933.

The work is devoted to studying the development of the crop production industry in the twentieth century. The theory of cyclical production and change of technological structures is chosen as a working theory. The average yield of grain crops in the Russian Empire and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was determined to indicate production development. The choice of average grain yield is justified by its 'vital role in agriculture in the specified period. The change in the studied indicator is considered in the period from 1900 to 1933. The work provides a 'visual, graphical, historical, and statistical analysis of changes in the average yield of grain crops. The period from 1900 to 1933 is proposed to be divided into smaller periods consisting of H years, defined as small. For each small period, a statistical analysis is carried out, which includes calculating probabilistic characteristics, checking the average yield values for abnormal values, the presence of changes in the indicator during the period, and the nature of this change. Dividing the time interval into small periods allows us to study the change in yield in more detail and identify factors influencing this process. For each period, a hypothesis is put forward about the type of changes, and the acceptance or non-acceptance of the hypothesis is justified. The statistical analysis results are considered within the framework of past events identified during historical analysis. Building a model of changes in average yield during the period under review allows us to assess the industry’s past development and suggest possible future development scenarios. Analyzing the results of a statistical study in combination with historical context will provide a deeper understanding of the reasons for changes in yields and their impact on the development of the industry.

Influence of farming factors on chernozem fertility in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe

Aim. To study the influence of the main factors of agriculture on the fertility of typical chernozem, productivity and economic efficiency of 5 fallow crop rotations in conditions of unstable moisture in the central part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field, agrochemical (sampling and determination of total humus), statistical and computational (to substantiate the reliability of the results and develop statistical models of interrelationships), the study was conducted at the Drabivske experimental field in a stationary experiment, which was established in 1976, where the comparative effectiveness of different methods of cultivation of typical chernozem in 5 different types of arable crop rotations is studied. Results. The long-term use of moldboardless and surface tillage in a 5-field grain-tilled crop rotation did not lead to compaction of the cultivated soil layer to critical values (>1.35 g/cm3) when the total porosity decreases beyond 50%, which did not worsen the conditions of crop growth and agrophysical conditions of typical chernozem fertility. Under the influence of the main tillage, the redistribution of by-products within 0-30 cm of the soil occurs: under ploughing, by-products are evenly distributed throughout the arable layer, and under no-till tillage, 68-69% of the total mass of by-products is incorporated in the 0−10 cm soil layer, which is 1.72 times more than under ploughing. The total weight of by-products under no-till cultivation was 1.9−2.3 t/ha higher. The type of crop rotation contributed to an increase in the yield of by-products by an average of 1.37 times. In the spring, regardless of the method of cultivation, the same stock of productive moisture in the one-metre thickness (142−145 mm) is accumulated in the 5-field crop rotation, and the moisture content corresponded to the optimal moisture content. Conclusions. On typical low-humus chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the yield of grain crops depended on a complex of main factors (tillage, fertilizers, predecessors, weather conditions) and amounted to: winter wheat 5.79-6.08 t/ha, corn for grain 9.14−9.39 t/ha, peas 3.42 t/ha, barley 3.48 t/ha. High grain and fodder yields of 4.55 and 9.55 t/ha/ha, respectively, in a crop rotation with 80% grain, including 40% corn, which is 18.3% and 22.5% higher than in a crop rotation with 60% grain saturation. The highest net profit is in the crop rotation with 80% grain saturation, including 40% corn for grain − 14.6 thousand UAH/ha, which is higher than the crop rotation with 60% grain saturation by 5.3 thousand UAH, or 36.3%, with a profitability of 95−68%.

Factors of intra-field phytomass variability in steppe agricultural landscapes of Kazakhstan

The yield of grain crops and its predictability largely depends on the intra-field heterogeneity of landscape conditions. We used the example of steppe agricultural landscapes in the Akmola region to solve the following objectives: 1) to evaluate the informative value of NDVI for assessing yield depending on hydrothermal conditions; 2) to determine the effect of intra-field patchiness on NDVI values and yield; 3) to determine the dependence of intra-field variation of phytomass on the tract and facies structure and hydrothermal conditions. We used data on wheat and barley yields and intra-field NDVI variability in 80 field plots in 2009‒2013, data on the tract and facies structure, and hydrothermal parameters. We studied the relationships between spatial and temporal variability of phytomass, landscape and hydrothermal factors by means of correlation and variance analysis. It was established that NDVI was only partially informative for direct assessment of grain yield. The index values for July dates better reflect the yield than in June and August. The hypothesis that NDVI patchiness in the field area depends on the cultivated crop was not confirmed. The yield in fields with complex facies structure is usually lower than in homogeneous fields. In dry years, the intra-field variation of phytomass is less pronounced than in wet years. The proximity to the hill is a significant factor that increases the spatial variability of phytomass due to the additional introduction of moisture and sediment along the rills. High facies patchiness either reduces yield or increases its temporal variability and reduces predictability.

Precision agriculture in the regional system of strategic development of grain production

Subject. The article investigates strategic development of grain production, which, in the future, will increasingly rely on elements of precision agriculture. Their use enables to significantly increase the yield of grain crops due to systematic implementation of specialized digital technologies. The latter, under scarce resources, is a determinant in the long-term development of the grain industry. Objectives. The study aims to describe precision agriculture in the regional system of strategic development of grain production. Methods. I performed a comprehensive assessment of effectiveness of precision farming elements introduction by such indicators as the specific weight of the area of grain fields, the specific weight of synchronized agricultural machinery and other precision farming elements in a single digital space, and the share of covering the need for agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles and crop sensing systems. The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Resources of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast data on the number of used precision farming elements served as the analytical base of the study. Results. In the Buturlinsky and Dalnekonstantinovsky municipal districts, the introduction of precision farming elements is at an average systemic level, in Arzamas urban district and Bolshemurashkinsky municipal district – at a low systemic level, and in the rest, it is unsystematical. I offered and tested indicators of comprehensive assessment of effectiveness of precision farming elements introduction. Their analysis helped form a rating of the introduction of precision farming elements in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. Each farm should determine its own level of use of precision farming elements to generate a strategy for introduction of other elements of technology to maximize economic efficiency, including synergistic effect.

Role of soil fertility and varieties in increasing the yield of grain crops

A review of publications devoted to the study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of various varieties of grain crops on various soils is presented. At the same time, special attention is paid to the assessment of the equity participation of various factors in the formation of their productivity. It was found that the greatest contribution to the formation of yield falls on soil fertility, which on sod-podzolic highly cultivated soils amounted to 68–90%, depending on nitrogen doses and varieties, and the share of nitrogen fertilizers varied from 10 to 32%. The coefficient of variation between varieties in terms of yield was in the range of 16–20%. The increase in winter wheat yield from nitrogen application in comparison with the standard Zarya variety ranged from 64 to 146%. In the experiment of VNIPTIHIM, where 33 varieties of winter wheat and 17 varieties of spring barley were tested, the share of the soil fertility factor in the formation of the winter wheat harvest was 81–82, spring barley – 83–89%, the contribution of the variety, respectively, was 6, 13 and 6%. On ordinary chernozem, its participation in the formation of winter wheat yields slightly exceeded the indicators of sod-podzolic soils, as well as the contribution of fertilizers, despite the introduction of higher doses of mineral fertilizers. The variation in yield depending on the variety was 5–6%. In the experiment on leached chernozem, which was characterized by average agrochemical cultivation, the most productive variety of winter wheat showed a yield 2 times less than that of the previously considered varieties.

Models for increasing productivity based on the integrated application of agricultural digital twins

The operating conditions of the Russian agro-industrial complex today are characterised by unfair competition in global markets and objective transformation processes. Changes in agricultural production technologies and the digitalisation of all production areas require a restructuring of the work of farming organisations. At the same time, the indicated structural changes at the level of agricultural producers should be based on an analysis of objective production and economic indicators: yield and profitability. The purpose of the study is to model the process of increasing the yield of grain crops due to the use of digital twins in various areas of agricultural production. Research objectives: to identify models for the use of digital twins in the production of grain crops; develop introductory methodological provisions for creating a digital twin of agricultural specialisation; outline the current and future role of digital twins in agricultural production. Scientific novelty and practical significance of the research results: models for the use of digital twins of agricultural specialisation at the stages of the production process and infrastructure sectors for its support have been developed; conceptual provisions of methodological recommendations for the development of digital twins of agricultural specialisation have been formulated; the current and future significance of digital twins in the process of increasing grain yields has been determined, as well as the prospects for their use in the agricultural sector.

Soil cover hetrogeneity in the system of inventory of agricultural land

The article examines the heterogeneity of the soil cover of production fields and working areas as one of the most important indicators of productivity and technological properties of land. It is noted that traditional indicators of the quality of land plots do not meet modern requirements for assessing the level of soil fertility and technological properties of the land plot, among which the diversity of the soil cover of the land plot is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the applicability of morphometric indicators of soil cover structure, in particular, the soil cover contrast coefficient, to improve the qualitative assessment system, including when conducting an inventory of agricultural land. The study used methods of comparative geographical analysis of the structure of soil cover in key areas - land uses within the Priobsky plateau in the southern part of Western Siberia. We used stock, statistical, and cartographic materials of the IV round of soil survey of lands on the territory of the Kremlevskoye agricultural holding in the Novosibirsk region at a scale of 1:25000, digitized in the MapInfo Professional environment. To calculate the morphometric characteristics of the soil cover and, in particular, the contrast coefficient, the statistical-cartometric method was used. The dependence of the yield of grain crops on a specific land plot on the degree of contrast of soil cover for different agro-ecological groups of lands is shown.In conclusion, the article proposes to expand the list of characteristics used to assess the quality of agricultural lands when conducting their inventory in the system of land management measures.

Investigation of the conditions for the formation of moisture deficiency in Northern Kazakhstan using the method of hydrological and climatic calculations

The article investigated the conditions for the formation of moisture deficiency in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of northern Kazakhstan. The growth of moisture deficiencies affects the yield of grain crops. The work used statistical, cartographic, analytical, and analogy methods. The hydrological and climatic calculation method developed by V.S. Mezentsev and tested in Western Siberia and adjacent territories of Kazakhstan was used as the main method for obtaining the calculated heat and water balance characteristics of the studied territory. Meteorological data obtained at meteorological stations in agricultural areas was used as initial data. Using the regression equation, the dependence of cereal crop yield on humidification in the Akmola region and the estimated yield schedule for 2024 were built. On the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, quite close dependencies between the yield and the degree of humidification have been identified. The yield of grain crops in the Akmola region was influenced by a lack of moisture for 54%. In general, during the warm period of the average year, the soil moisture resources of the studied area are not able to provide favorable conditions for the appropriate growth and development of crops.