Choice Of Goals Research Articles

Crisis Identification and Development of Crisis Management Algorithm in the Agricultural Sector

The efficiency of many enterprises has declined significantly in the current global crisis. Enterprise management is the management of joint activities of people, which consists of many problems. The primary tactical tasks for most business entities are “patching holes” (or a reactive form of management) and preventing bankruptcy. This approach does not allow to achieve sustainable operation of the enterprise in the long term. Therefore, the formation of an effective mechanism for managing enterprises is acquiring special significance in today's conditions. The crisis is characterized by many interrelated situations that increase the complexity and risk of management. The problem of evaluating the effectiveness of enterprises is still one of the most complex and intractable. The crisis is objectively characterized by many interrelated situations that increase the complexity and risk of management. The crisis state of the enterprise is particularly difficult in predicting the results of management actions, since the course of events can be changed by relatively small impacts. Based on this, the company should be able to analyze both its own interests and the interests of business partners with whom the company enters into economic relations. There is such a problem as low management competence in the agricultural sector. In this regard, the development of enterprises becomes an urgent problem. This can be achieved by forming a scientifically based algorithm of actions aimed at improving the position of enterprises in the market. The subject of the study is the formation of a crisis identification system and the development of an enterprise crisis management algorithm. The theoretical and practical significance of solving problems associated with achieving sustainable development and functioning of enterprises determined the choice of goals, objectives, object and subject of this study. Based on the foregoing, the object of study is industrial (processing) agricultural enterprises. The research task is to propose a set of measures to overcome the crisis in the processing industrial enterprise. A set of measures has been proposed and justified to overcome the crisis in an industrial enterprise, which will help in managing the economic entity and the result of the implementation of this approach should be overcoming the crisis. The proposed measures can be applied not only by industrial processing enterprises, but also by other economic entities.

К проблеме выбора коррекционных компьютерных программ для восстановления когнитивных функций у пациентов кардиологического профиля

Introduction. The present review aims to examine computer programs used in psycho-correctional practice for cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac patients. Currently, there is a high prevalence of cognitive disorders among the elderly population in Russia. The disease has an impact on cognitive functioning of cardiac patients, which leads to difficulties in social adjustment and reduces their quality of life. In this regard, assessing the performance of existing computer programs for cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac patients is important. Theoretical Basis. This paper presents an overview of the main criteria for choosing cognitive rehabilitation programs for patients suffering from cardiac diseases, as well as characteristics of cognitive rehabilitation. The analysis of previous studies enabled the authors to develop a number of recommendations and restrictions for using cognitive rehabilitation programs. Results and Discussion. The authors (a) provide a description of the structure of cognitive impairment in cardiac patients, (b) describe specific patterns of cognitive impairment in cardiac patients, and (c) concentrate on impairments of frontal lobe functions, including goal choice, concentration, and attention switching. The following platforms are currently used for cognitive rehabilitation: Constant Therapy, Cognifit, Brain +, My Aphasia Coach, Lingraphica, Prologue2go, Tactus therapy, Soch Genie, Lumosity, Neuro Nation, Memorado, Wikium, Brain Apps, and B-trainika. When choosing a correctional computer program, it is important to take into account the presence of a flexible system of settings and modular architecture, as well as the possibility of changing the complexity of tasks in accordance with the degree of cognitive impairment in patients. Conclusion. This paper may be of interest to physicians, medical psychologists, defectologists, and programmers when choosing or developing the programs for cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac patients.

Achievement and Adherence to Behavioral Health Goals in the Setting of Patient-Directed Goal Choice

Achievement and Adherence to Behavioral Health Goals in the Setting of Patient-Directed Goal Choice

Understanding the association between mother's education level and effectiveness of a child obesity prevention intervention: a secondary analysis of an RCT.

to explain differences in effectiveness of paediatrician-led motivational interviewing (MI) in decreasing body mass index (BMI) between children of mothers with low or high education level. secondary analysis of a randomised control trial. individually randomized controlled trial previously conducted from 2011 to 2013 in the province of Reggio Emilia (Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy). Eligible participants included in the trial were 372 (187 in the MI group and 185 in the control group) overweight children (BMI percentile >= 85th and < 95th) aged between 4 and 7 years, residing in the province of Reggio Emilia and under the care of paediatrician for >= 12 months. The intervention included 5 MI sessions based on the transtheoretical model of addiction and behavioural change delivered at 1, 4, 7, and 12 months after the baseline visit, when families had to define specific goals in changing physical activity (PA) and diet behaviours. primary: BMI score variation (ΔBMI) from baseline to 12 months; secondary: percentage of changes in parent-reported PA and dietary behaviours. a significant effect of MI on ΔBMI in children whose mothers had high education level (ΔBMI = -0.62; 95%CI -0.92;-0.32) were observed. Children of women with high education level in MI group had more improvements in set unstructured PA, decreasing screen time and sweet snacks consumption, while children with less educated mothers had improvements in consuming more vegetable soup and less desserts, sweet snacks, and sugary beverages. Highly educated mothers chose for their children to drink fewer sugary beverages and to increase PA. Less educated mothers most frequently chose as goals having breakfast, eating more fruit and vegetables, eating fewer snacks, and having less screen time. Overall achievement was similar in the two strata for diet goals, but higher for PA goals in the high education level stratum. MI intervention was not effective in reducing BMI in children of mothers with low education level. This does appear to be weakly or not associated with goal choices and achievement within MI, it is rather an effect of unmeasured behaviours which possibly mediate association between MI and BMI reduction.

Neurodevelopmental disorders and development of project of lifein a lifespan perspective: between habilitation and quality of life.

For some years, the term "project of life" has become widely used in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, and, at the same time, it has begun to make its way in many social and health planning documents. However, beyond its relatively widespread use, this term does not yet possess an adequate and shared frame of the main underlying decision-making processes. In particular, there is a need to identify the crucial questions for orienting the choice of goals within the adolescent transition, which represents the complex hinge between childhood and adulthood. Moreover, adulthood, which is often completely devoid of culturally and socially shared references, is still critical precisely because of the lack of future direction prompts usually represented by the stages of development. In this case, the themes of quality of life functioning as a guiding compass appear pertinent and much more relevant. The present contribution is, therefore, an attempt to present, in a unitary manner, the decision-making processes and questions at the basis of a construct of "project of life" shared within the scientific and associative communities.

The role of fit between individual values and organizational values on mechanisms of work motivation

A strong organizational culture is diagnosed when its values are shared by its employees. The person-organization fit related to values received more attention as organizations become more interested in attracting and retaining the best employees. According to Locke's motivation model (1997), goal choice, its difficulty and specificity are influenced by individual personality and values. Further, we considered that the goal and efficiency mechanisms (direction, effort and persistence) are being moderated by person-organization fit, values level. The hierarchical regression revealed a higher level of work motivation for employees perceiving a higher level of P-O fit, when they choose their work objectives. A motivational model that integrates P-O fit is proposed and implications for organizational practice are discussed.

Drug prescription goals in primary care: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCare goals are often implicit, although their identification is a key element of any prescription process. This study aimed to describe the clinical goals of drug prescriptions in general practice, their determinants and the agreement between physicians and patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted by 11 resident trainees acting as observers in 23 general practices. The residents recorded the indication and main physician’s goal for all drugs prescribed during five consultation days in each practice in December 2015, and the main patient’s goal for a sub-sample of consultations. We used an eight-category generic classification of prescription goals, including three specific (mortality, morbidity and cure), three non-specific (symptoms, quality of life, functioning) and two non-specified (other goal, no goal) categories. Analyses were based on a multivariable, multilevel model and on the kappa statistic applied to the sub-sample of consultations.ResultsThe sample encompassed 2141 consultations and 5036 drugs. The main physicians’ goal of drug prescriptions was to relieve symptoms (43.3%). The other goals were to decrease the risk of morbidity (22.4%), to cure disease (11.7%), to improve quality of life (10.6%), to decrease the risk of mortality (8.5%) and to improve functioning (1.8%). The choice of a specific goal was more frequent in patients with the following characteristics: over 50 (OR [1.09;1.15]), of male gender (OR [1.09;1.39]), with full financial coverage for a long-term condition (OR [1.47;1.97]), known by the physician (OR [1.19;2.23]), or with a somatic health problem (OR [2.56;4.17]). Cohen’s kappa for drug prescription goals between the patients and the physicians was 0.26 (0.23–0.30).ConclusionsPhysicians’ goals are poorly shared with patients. It remains to be assessed whether it is possible to collect and discuss information on prescription goals on a daily basis.

Змістово-процесуальний підхід в умовах студентоцентризма вищої школи

The article highlights the possibilities of a substantive-procedural approach to learning in the implementation of the student-centric strategy in the practice of higher education. The purpose of the article is to highlight the issue of harmonization of information and procedural aspects of education and to reveal the effectiveness of the organization of educational and cognitive activity of students on the basis of content-procedural approach as a means of improving the quality of their professional training. The substantive-procedural approach is interpreted as a complex of didactic techniques aimed at harmonization of information and professional aspects of education, analysis and substantiation of the essence of internal factors, connections, contradictions and tendencies of development of the educational process. It is based on the effective interconnection of the content and procedural components of future professionals' vocational training, it requires the necessary cognitive and practical transformative activity on the content of professional knowledge in mastering the secrets of creative pedagogical activity and professional growth in their chosen professional sphere. The substantive-procedural approach demands the educational process: 1) achieving a certain level of student activity in an optimal way, provided that one teacher works with a large group of students; 2) the most favorable overcoming of contradictions between the amount of constantly growing information and the fixed amount of study time for its assimilation; 3) the creation of working conditions that would not require the teacher to give more and more effort in the overall intensification of the learning process. The substantive-procedural approach contains all the conditions for the formation of substantive-activity relations in the educational process, the choice of didactic goals that the student strives for, and the various tasks performed by him. The task of professional orientation is used as a tool and a means of activating cognitive actions, thereby ensuring the dynamics of the quality of knowledge in a positive way.

Goals or semantic constructs? Different choice setting and choice goal activation

AbstractThe researcher of this paper contributes to the literature by identifying nuances among three types of choice settings that are likely to activate choice‐related goals and their implications for product evaluation. First, the research verifies that choice settings can activate choice‐related goals, for example, simplifying a choice. Second, it is proposed and shown that choice settings activate goals, not semantic constructs. Third, this research attempts to shed light on some nuances among different choice settings, which vary in the degree of cognitive effort used to compare alternatives. The results aid in understanding how three different choice settings can activate choice‐related goals. Fourth, the research proposes that goal activation has an implication for product evaluation, offering a new perspective to preference and choice reversal literature. Five experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.

Technology of target development in the Human Resources Management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

The features of development of technologies of personnel management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are considered in the article. It is shown that the mechanism of development of the technology of targeting personnel management is inextricably linked to the processes of strategic management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The algorithm of development of targeting indicators is substantiated and it is shown that the main criteria of effectiveness of targeting of personnel management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are: political stability at the state border; economic stability; social stability; professionalism.&#x0D; The author considers technology to be considered as a set (sequence) of techniques and methods of activity in the field of personnel management and highlights the following sequence in the development of technologies of personnel management: theoretical substantiation of technology of personnel management, which involves the allocation of its main purpose, the definition of smaller objects of design, development of project strategy; design (description) of technology of personnel management connected with drawing up of the algorithm of actions directed on the description of technological procedures and operations, and also development of technological tools; introduction of personnel management technology and its testing.&#x0D; Considering the technologies of personnel management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the author considers it appropriate to differentiate between the technology of goal-setting and technology of decision-making.&#x0D; Purposeful technology is based on the following types of goals: goals, objectives, goals, operational and vector goals.&#x0D; According to the author, the main criteria for the effectiveness of the goal-setting of personnel management in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are: political stability at the state border (statehood, international cooperation, democracy); economic stability (economy, reproduction, profitability, protection of economic interests of Ukraine); social stability (social security, legitimacy, cohesion, discipline, patriotism, morale); professionalism.&#x0D; The quantitative characteristics of goal setting criteria are internalized by the author on the following indicators: political; economic; social and legal; professional and professional; financial.&#x0D; The use of goal-setting technology allows for optimal choice of goals in the personnel management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The goal setting is the basis for the management decision.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ СПІЛЬНИХ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНИХ ПОЛІТИК ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОГО ЕТАПУ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ: ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The analysis of theoretical and methodological foundations of the common horizontal policies of the European Union testifies shows that horizontal EU policies are aimed at creating political and socio-economic conditions for the development of sectoral policies. The main objective of the common regional policy is that the experts consider the reduction of the current regional inconsistencies and the prevention of further regional imbalances. Social policy is dealing with the poorest citizens, is struggling to overcome social imbalances and ensure that the benefits of the common market are evenly distributed among all Member States. The common tax policy is not limited to the requirements of fiscal sovereignty required by the Treaty of Rome on the EEC. Member States have succeeded in replacing their cumulative multi-tiered turnover taxes with value added tax, the structure of which has been able to maximize harmonization. Elimination of fiscal borders enables convergence of rates of value added tax and excise taxes, which makes a significant contribution to the formation of the common market. The goal of competition policy is to market integration. It guarantees the unity of the common market, counteracts its division between enterprises, prevents monopolization of individual markets, prevents the abuse of large companies by its dominant position on the market, prevents governments from turning the rules of the game into a single market. The common policy on the protection of the environment factor in the quality of life of the citizens. The task of the producers of this policy is to make it more difficult for the environment to achieve the goals of economic growth. The study of trends in the development of common horizontal policies of the European Union in a globalized environment suggests that the EU is today geared towards building an economy based on knowledge and innovation. A common competitive policy is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the European economy in the world markets. The common social policy is aimed at ensuring social stability in European society, eliminating inequality, reducing unemployment and poverty in Europe. With the rate being made on the introduction of market relations in the system of social insurance, the spread of private pension insurance, support for active employment throughout life. At the present stage of globalization, the provision of social services has ceased to be the prerogative of the state alone. There are tendencies towards the formation of a global social policy, the subject of which is supranational source. The joint environmental policy has focused on reducing carbon emissions in the atmosphere, increasing environmental sustainability in Europe, transforming it into a zone of sustainable, green economy. The common regional policy focuses mainly on shifting the emphasis on redistribution of income and employment to stimulate structural change in the regions, concentration of effort on a limited choice of goals, assistance only to the least developed regions, preservation of only two policy objektives: investment in growth and development and European territorial cooperation. The content of the Ukraine 2020 strategy is not entirely consistent with the content of the Europe 2020 strategy. If the key to the strategy Europe 2020 were the key theses of the classical strategy of sustainable development, based on the coordination of the three interconnected components of the successful development of mankind – economic growth, the protection and preservation of the environment and the social protection of all members of society, the Ukraine 2020 strategy sets the parameters for implementing the Ukraine's development plan for the period up to 2020, removing it from the crisis through structural reforms, securing state security guarantees, accessing citizens for high-quality social services, and ensuring tolerance in society. It does not pay due attention to enhancing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy; very little attention is paid to the ecological component of sustainable development; the social component of sustainable development strategy is not classified as priorities of the country's development, it is reduced to guaranteeing citizens of Ukraine access to high-quality education, health care and other services, does not mean reducing unemployment in the country, overcoming poverty; due attention is not paid regional development.

Gender Gap in Savings Goal Choice: Evidence from Mixed Methods

There has been a good deal of research on gender psychological differences in the context of financial decision making, but no research on the impact of gender difference in the setting of savings goals. To address this question we use two unique datasets, one quantitative and one qualitative. Our quantitative results show that men set more challenging savings goals than women, even when we control for wealth, income, and portfolio risk taking. Our qualitative results corroborate these findings. Women are more likely to be content with targeting a comfortable life in retirement, setting an unambitious savings targets. They also tend to be more concerned than men by eventual possible future impediments to saving, such as adverse income shocks. This causesthem to focus more on the accessibility of their savings which implies that they are more likely to anticipate that they will have to reduce savings in the future. In contrast, men seem less concerned about possible future barriers to saving money. They are also more committed to saving and to wealth accumulation.

Goal congruency dominates reward value in accounting for behavioral and neural correlates of value-based decision-making

When choosing between options, whether menu items or career paths, we can evaluate how rewarding each one will be, or how congruent it is with our current choice goal (e.g., to point out the best option or the worst one.). Past decision-making research interpreted findings through the former lens, but in these experiments the most rewarding option was always most congruent with the task goal (choosing the best option). It is therefore unclear to what extent expected reward vs. goal congruency can account for choice value findings. To deconfound these two variables, we performed three behavioral studies and an fMRI study in which the task goal varied between identifying the best vs. the worst option. Contrary to prevailing accounts, we find that goal congruency dominates choice behavior and neural activity. We separately identify dissociable signals of expected reward. Our findings call for a reinterpretation of previous research on value-based choice.

Моделювання програм інвестиційної підтримки розвитку агросфери регіону

В статті досліджуються основні складові процесу моделювання програм інвестиційної підтримки розвитку агросфери регіону. Обґрунтовано етапи формування інвестиційної стратегії розвитку агросфери регіону. Викладено аспекти методичного забезпечення інвестиційної стратегії розвитку агросфери регіону. Запропоновано механізм розробки та реалізації інвестиційної стратегії у агросфері Одеської області та специфічні особливості інвестиційної стратегії агросфери.

A simple, dynamic extension of temporal motivation theory

ABSTRACTTemporal motivation theory (TMT) has been criticized for its static representation and neglect of the environment. In this paper, I develop goal sampling theory (GST) to appease these criticisms and extend our understanding of goal choices beyond momentary preferences and into dynamic updating and sampling behavior across time. GST draws from temporal motivational theory, sampling models of impression formation, and organizational theory on how the environment constrains behavior and situates aspects of each into a formal model of goal sampling. Doing so addresses the limitations of our prior thinking, introduces new concepts and predictions, and provides a mathematical framework that lends itself to computational modeling.

Educational processes’ guidance based on evolving context prediction in intelligent tutoring systems

Considerable attention has been paid to content adaptation in ITS. However, process-oriented adaptation has been neglected and none of ITS addressed the correlation between the learning and the teaching process. Indeed, uncertainty coming from the dynamic preferences of learners and tutors, the evolutionary cognitive state of the learner and the choice of goals and educational strategies is not well considered in ITS. So, in this paper, a new proposal for guiding and adapting the construction of both learning and pedagogical processes named educational processes in intelligent tutoring system is described and detailed. The research strategy followed is based on a dynamic Bayesian network to predict the educational context, a strategic perspective for modeling educational processes, and guidance algorithms for their development and support. This aims to generate an individualized learning process for each learner by selecting the most appropriate pedagogical process according to the actual preferences of the tutor. Experimental results are given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed solution. The results show an improvement in guiding the learner and the teacher/tutor by considering the evolving and uncertain educational context. Learners will be therefore able to achieve the learning goal more efficiently when the pedagogical process is more adapted to their individual differences. The evaluation of knowledge improvement, the appropriateness of educational recommended context and the prediction effectiveness shows promising results.

What do elderly problem drinkers aim for? Choice of goal for treatment among elderly treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent patients.

Objective:The patient’s free choice of treatment goals for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is predictive for treatment outcome. Presently there is limited knowledge of whether the age at onset of AUD influences the choice of goal for treatment. The present study investigates whether there are differences in choice of treatment goal between patients with very late onset alcohol use disorder (VLO AUD ≥ 60 years) and those having early or mid-age onset of AUD (EMO AUD < 60 years).Method:Participants were 341 persons, voluntarily enrolled in the Elderly Study, who were seeking treatment for AUD in outpatient centres for alcohol treatment in Denmark. Data regarding thoughts about abstinence, alcohol use in the last 90 days, motivation for treatment and psychiatric diagnosis were collected via questionnaires. A logistics regression was used to analyse the data.Results:32.1% of the participants with VLO AUD chose temporary abstinence goals, compared to 18.2% of the patients with earlier-onset AUD (p = 0.024). Further, 10.7% of participants with VLO AUD chose total abstinence goals compared to 31.3% of participants with early or mid-age onset AUD (p = 0.002).Conclusion:There are significant differences in choice of goal between participants with very late onset AUD and early or mid-age onset AUD. Individuals with very late onset alcohol use disorder tend to choose temporary abstinence over any other treatment goal whereas, in general, individuals with early onset alcohol use disorder choose permanent abstinence over other treatment goals.

NP12 Guided Goal Setting Behaviors of Spanish and English-Speaking EFNEP Participants in a Medical Clinic Setting

Objective To address pediatric obesity risk reduction, EFNEP was embedded within medical clinics where pediatricians referred parents to the intervention. The traditional EFNEP intervention was augmented with guided goal setting (GGS), Healthy Kids (HK) obesity risk assessments, motivational modeling, and parenting topics. This investigation focused on assessing goal-setting behaviors of EFNEP participants attending the medical clinic intervention. Description Pediatricians referred 686 parents (30% Spanish speaking) to the EFNEP intervention. More than one-third (n = 264) of parents referred expressed interest in attending with 195 verbally agreeing to enroll in the intervention anchored with GGS. GGS gives goal choices from a collection of practitioner developed major and minor goals so parents can make their own goal decisions. Parents completed the HK assessment tools during session one, they were guided to select nutrition and parenting minor goals at session two, but at subsequent sessions, were given the options to continue with the same goal, select a new guided goal, modify the existing goal, or create a new goal. Goal selections, effort, and attainment were tracked weekly. Evaluation Twenty intervention series with parents or caregivers (n = 105, 50% Spanish speaking) were conducted at five medical clinics with 78% of parents completing four or more sessions. All parents engaged in GGS with most making nutrition and parenting goal effort and achievement (Spanish 96%, 74%; English 92%, 69%, respectively). Parents selected fruit and vegetable goal topics frequently and rarely chose contingency management topics. Most parents selected a new goal each session with Spanish speaking parents more likely to select a guided option (72% vs 61%). Conclusion and Implications Parents referred by their child's pediatrician attended the EFNEP intervention and engaged in the GGS activities. Parents reported a high level of goal commitment with Spanish speaking parents attending more classes and reporting higher levels of goal effort compared to English speaking parents. GGS was shown to be a suitable behavioral strategy for Spanish and English speaking parents attending EFNEP within a medical clinic setting.

The effects of praise for effort versus praise for intelligence on vocational education students

The present study investigates the effects of different kinds of praise on 108 students in vocational education, using a similar design as the original mindset studies. Students worked on a set of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices and either received praise for effort, received praise for intelligence, or were in the control group. Results were not in line with mindset theory. We expected differences in goal choice and performance after experiencing setbacks between students who were praised for effort or who were praised for intelligence, but both groups reacted in the same way. Our results are in line with previous studies that also did not succeed in finding a relation between mindset and academic performance. This study shows that even when the original procedure used in Mueller and Dweck’s experiments was followed, vocational education students were not influenced by the type of praise (i.e. mindset) to which they were exposed.

The Utilization of Biospecimens: Impact of the Choice of Biobanking Model.

The term research "biobank" is one of multiple names (e.g., bioresource, biorepository,) used to designate an entity that receives, collects, processes, stores, and/or distributes biospecimens or other biospecimen-related products (e.g., data) to support research. There are multiple organizational models of biobanking used by bioresources, but the primary goal of all bioresources should not be simply to collect biospecimens, but ultimately to distribute almost all collected biospecimens and/or data to support scientific research; bioresources should serve as "biodistributors" rather than "biovaults." The appropriate choice of model is the first step in ensuring optimal biospecimen utilization by a bioresource. This article discusses some of the different models that may be used alone or in combination by a bioresource providing biospecimens for research; it describes the factors affecting the choice of the most appropriate model or models, the advantages and disadvantages of the various models, and a discussion of the impact of the choice of the model on biospecimen utilization. Frequently, problems with biospecimen utilization are not caused by any single model, but rather a mismatch between the choice of model and goals of the bioresource, and/or problems with the subsequent design, goals, operations, and management of the bioresource after a model is selected.