Glycine Complexes Research Articles

Functionalization of new anticancer Pt(II) complex with transferrin receptor binding peptide

One strategy to improve the selectivity of metallocompounds is to functionalize them by conjugation with biomolecules as folate, hormones, and peptides. In this work, we describe the conjugation of a transferrin receptor binding peptide of sequence HAIYPHRH to a Pt(II) bis(2-pyridylmethyl)glycine complex. The complex was fully characterized by mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR. Among several synthetic strategies, the preparation of bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)glycyl-NH-HAIYPHRH by solid-phase peptide synthesis, its purification by HPLC, followed by the coordination of Pt(II) was the successful method. The metal coordination was studied by 1H NMR and 1H-15N HSQC. The results show the metal ion interacts by fast exchange reaction with the two terminal histidines and slow exchange with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)glycine moiety. The compounds presented inhibition of growth for renal cancer cells; therefore, it is not an effect of the peptide as the precursor, [PtCl(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)glycine)], presents similar GI50. The peptide-Pt(II) complex presents a high binding constant with serum albumin and demonstrated to bind covalently to DNA by electrophoretic mobility assays. The work represents a complete description of the coordination of platinum in this system and demonstrates the challenges to develop new metallopeptides.

Evaluation of the content and bioaccessibility of selected metals from barley grass

The evaluation of the content of zinc and copper in plant tissues of barley grass growing on enriched in zinc/copper solutions (sulphate, glycine complex, rutin complex) were studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The highest concentrations of Zn were found in the roots and leaves, growing on solutions enriched in the rutin-zinc(II) and sulphate solutions. The highest concentrations of Cu were found in the leaves, growing on solutions enriched in the glycine-copper(II) complex solutions. The research showed that the barley accumulates the zinc/copper from the nutrient solution, therefore, in the next step of the investigation the evaluation of bioaccessibility was carried out. The bioaccessibility of copper and zinc were evaluated from the various enriched cultivation solutions by the inductively coupled mass spectrometry coupled with size exclusion chromatography. Plants growing on solutions enriched in the zinc/copper complexes with amino acids (glycine) and flavonoids (rutin) accumulated excessive amounts of these elements in tissues. Additionally, the bioaccessibility is significantly higher than from the plant’s tissues growing on zinc/copper salts solutions.

Preparation of Cr2O3, MnO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, and ZnO oxides using their glycine complexes as precursors for in situ thermal decomposition

GLYCINE (Gly) complexes play an important role in human life. Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), and Cr(III) complexes were synthesized with glycine (Gly). These complexes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Based on the stoichiometric data, Gly form a chelate complex in a bidentate fashion at a 1:3 ratio with the trivalent metal ions [Cr(III), Fe(III)] and a 1:2 ratio with the divalent ones [Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)]. Metal oxides were derived from each of the Gly complexes using thermal decomposition at 800°C. FT-IR analysis of the resulting solids revealed their formation in pure form.

Improving the effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in cadets of the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation who are under psychoemotional stress

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the psychoemotional stress level on the development of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis, to suggest a treatment regimen using a complex of glycine and burnet (Sanguisorba) phytocomposition. Materials and methods. In a clinical study based on the dental office of the medical unit No. 1 of the medical and sanitary unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Bashkortostan (city of Ufa) involved 77 patients aged from 18 to 25 years with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis. Results. The use of the proposed complex of glycine and burnet phytocomposition in gel form is convenient to use, since it allows to increase the exposure time on the oral mucosa and provides an optimal concentration of drugs to achieve the fastest therapeutic effect. Conclusion. The study proved the role of stress factors in the genesis of periodontal injuries. The immunosuppressive effect of stress stimulations directly affects the hygienic status of the oral cavity. This medicinal composition of glycine and burnet phytocomposition has demonstrated effectiveness and ease of use. It requires further introduction as an additional tool in the treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis against the background of psychoemotional stress.

Case study on the use of image analysis for the simple and inexpensive colorimetric detection of Fe(iii) in water.

In the present work, we have reported a simple and cost effective colorimetric method for the detection of Fe(iii) in water. The method is based on the color change through the formation of an Fe(iii)-glycine complex at room temperature. This type of complex formation produces an intense color due to the ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT). The rate of this type of complex formation depends appreciably on the Fe(iii) concentrations. An important aspect of the present work is that here the image analysis technique has been used successfully for the discrimination of the color obtained by the variation of the Fe(iii) concentration. The fundamental spectro-photochemical studies on the colorimetric detection of Fe(iii) by forming a metal ligand complex and thereafter the discrimination of the complex through image analysis can provide effective insight into the development of cost effective devices for the detection of liquid phase analytes.

Preparation of aromatic γ-hydroxyketones by means of Heck coupling of aryl halides and 2,3-dihydrofuran, catalyzed by a palladium(ii) glycine complex under microwave irradiation

The synthesis of phenyl-γ-hydroxyketones through Heck coupling and subsequent opening of the tetrahydrofuran ring by the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule catalyzed by PdCl2·Gly2 under microwave irradiation.

Water soluble ionic Co(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) diimine–glycinate complexes targeted to tRNA: structural description, in vitro comparative binding, cleavage and cytotoxic studies towards chemoresistant prostate cancer cells

Four new water soluble Co(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) ionic metal complexes were synthesized as cytotoxic agents against chemoresistant prostate cancer cells.

Спектры комбинационного рассеяния света глицина и их моделирование в дискретно-континуальной модели сольватной оболочки воды

Annotation. The Raman spectra of glycine in crystalline form and in aqueous solution were obtained. The model of stabilization of the zwitterion state of glycine with a single water molecule connected by hydrogen bonds with the –COO- and –NH3+ groups is proposed. It is shown that quantum chemical calculations at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) using the discrete-continuum model of water environment of glycine complexes Gly + n H2O (n = 1–3) provide a good description of the Raman spectra of glycine.

291 Effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals with low level of organic trace minerals on growth performance, tissue mineral deposition and mineral excretion in piglets

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate effects of inorganic trace mineral (ITMs) replacement with low level organic trace minerals (glycine complex minerals, GCMs; proteolytic complex minerals, PCMs) on growth, tissue mineral retention and mineral excretion in piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Largewhite, 14.37 ± 0.32kg BW) aged 40d were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments and fed for 28 days, with 4 replicates of 8 piglets per treatment. Dietary treatments were:(T1) basal + ITMs (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, sulfate) at 100% commercial level;(T2) basal + ITMs at 50% commercial level + GCMs at 50% commercial level;(T3) basal + GCMs at 50% commercial level;(T4) basal + PCMs at 50% commercial level respectively. On day 29, six piglets from each group were slaughtered to collect serum, muscle and organ samples. The results showed that ADG of T1, T2 and T3 was higher than that of T4 (P < 0.05), FCR of T1, T2 and T3 was lower than that of T4 (P < 0.01). The retention of trace minerals in tissues and serum is significantly correlated with the supplemental level and source of trace minerals. When 50% commercial level ITMs replaced with GCMs, Cu in serum, heart, liver and pancreas, Fe in liver and muscle was increased (P < 0.05), and liver Zn, Mn in heart, liver and muscle was increased (P < 0.01) respectively. Muscle Zn in T3 was higher than that from T4 (P < 0.05) with same level of organic minerals. Zn, Fe, Mn excreted from urine in pigs fed T2 diet was less than that from T1 (P < 0.05), and urine Zn in T3 treatment is lower than that from T4 (P < 0.05). This study indicated that dietary ITMs replacement with GCMs resulted in higher tissue minerals deposition, and organic trace minerals from GCMs exhibited higher bioavailability than those from PCMs.

Comparative study of equilibrium characteristics of Cu|Cu(II), Cu(I), glycine system containing sulfate or perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte

The distribution of species in Cu(II)-glycine solutions, containing sulfate or perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte, is considered. Substantial differences are observed at pH < 4.5, where the molar fraction of monoligand complex (associate) CuSO4 reaches up to 20 percent of the total Cu(II) concentration. Cu(I)-containing species are generated at the Cu|solution interface. These are Cu+ aqua-complexes (acid media) or mono- and bidentate Cu(I)-glycine complexes (alkaline media). The addition of sulfate reduces the content of Cu+ ions, but practically does not affect the distribution of Cu(I) complexes. The study of acidbase equilibria involving Cu+ ions shows that the thermodynamic probability of Cu2O formation remains low in both perchlorate and sulfate media. HSO4– ions formed in acid media should be treated as rather labile proton donors. This is quantitatively confirmed by experimental data, according to which the rate of hydrogen evolution increases correspondingly when perchlorate is replaced by sulfate in glycine solutions.

Solution Combustion Synthesis of ZnO Using Binary Fuel (Glycine + Citric Acid)

Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) of zinc oxide was performed using a binary fuel, glycine and citric acid. It was established that combustion occurs due to oxidation of zinc nitrate–glycine complexes. Citric acid acts as an inhibitor of SCS reaction. An increase in relative content of organic fuel in the solution leads to a reduction in maximal combustion temperature and to formation of elemental carbon (0.2–1.6 wt %) and organic fragments (1.55–3.29 wt %) in SCS-produced zinc oxide. Carbon impurity and organic fragments were removed by annealing at 600°С. The produced wurtzite-type ZnO crystals had a size of 27–37 nm and were assembled into agglomerates. After annealing at 500°С, the specific surface of the powder was 8.44–11.09 m2/g. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO powder was evaluated from the rate of hydroquinone photodecomposition in solution.

Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and DNA cleavage study of transition metal complexes of o-vanillin and glycine derived Schiff base ligand

Schiff base ligand (E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)acetic acid) and its Mn(II), Fe(II),Co(III),Ni (II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis, IR, 1H NMR, EPR and X-ray crystallography techniques. The ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated for their DNA cleavage activity using E. Coli genome by agarose gel electrophoresis method. Molecular docking studies performed for the ligand and its complexes against two molecular targets-EGFR (1M17) and Tyrosine Kinase (1T46) revealed better binding affinity of all complexes with these targets in comparison to ligand. In addition, the docking results were observed to be in full agreement with the in vitro DNA cleavage assay suggesting the potential of synthesized metal complexes in biological applications.

Synthesis of a copper glycinate (II) complex monohydrate

The coordinating compounds are basically characterized by an ion of a D-block metal, called Lewis acid surrounded by ligants called Lewis bases, and usually their salts have intense coloration when in solution. Copper glycinate (II) monohydrate is a blue-green-colored solid, and has cis/trans isomeric forms. The present work aims to report the process of synthesis and characterization at the qualitative level of this complex in the chemical laboratory of the Municipal school Governador Israel Pinheiro, João Monlevade, MG. The results of the experiment revealed characteristic color crystals of the intended compound and favorable percentage yield.

A novel magnetoelectrochemical method of synthesis of photoactive Ni-TiO2 coatings from glycinate electrolytes

This paper reports the results of analysis of magnetic field supported electrochemical deposition of Ni-TiO2 composite coatings from electrolytes containing nickel glycinate complexes. The effect of several parameters, including electrode potential, concentration of TiO2 in the electrolyte as well as value of magnetic field induction vector on deposition rate, composition, current efficiency, structure, surface states and surface morphology was described. Electrodeposited composites contained up to 1.43 wt% of TiO2. Depending on the applied electrolysis condition, current efficiency amounted to from 38 to 55.4% for B = 0 T and from 43.1 to 64.8 for B = 1 T. The electrochemical tests performed as well as determined diffusion coefficient values indicated that the magnetic field strongly influenced the kinetics of electrode processes. Voltammetric curves as well as further characterization of deposited coatings indicated that the deposition process is accompanied by precipitation of hydrides and hydroxides during electrolysis.

Chromium(III) Glycinate Complex Supplementation Improves the Blood Glucose Level and Attenuates the Tissular Copper to Zinc Ratio in Rats with Mild Hyperglycaemia

The aim of the study was to evaluate the hypoglycaemic potential of supplementary Cr in the form of chromium(III) glycinate (CrGly) in the diabetic model of rats. The experiment was conducted on 40 male Wistar rats, of which 30 were made diabetic by injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg b.m.), while the remaining 10 rats served as the healthy control. After inducing hyperglycaemia, 2 groups of diabetic rats (10 rats each) were supplemented with Cr either as CrGly or chromium(III) picolinate (CrPic) given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg diet (about 0.75 mg Cr/kg b.m.) with adequate AIN-93M diet for 7 weeks. At the termination of experiment, all animals were sacrificed to collect blood and internal organs for biochemical assays. Blood biochemical indices and tissular trace element contents (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr) were measured and compared with the values of the untreated groups. It was found that CrGly significantly decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels more efficiently than CrPic. Furthermore, both Cr compounds normalized disturbed the serum, renal and cardiac molar Cu/Zn ratio, as well as restored the kidney Zn and Cu levels in rats with hyperglycaemia. Supplementary Cr did not increase the tissular Cr levels in diabetic rats. The study confirmed the hypoglycaemic potential of CrGly in the diabetic model of rats.

3D structural analysis of copper(II) complex of glycine – Experimental mass spectrometric and theoretical quantum chemical approach

The focus on this paper is on to continue the research line taken in our more recent studies of mass spectrometric approaches treating quantitatively the intensity of analyte fragment peaks with respect to time within the own model equation, based on stochastic dynamics, and correlating between experimental diffusion parameters of ions and their 3D structures, when this approach is used complementary with high accuracy methods of quantum chemistry. Accordingly, the aims at the work will be undeniably presented. First, we will explore ESI–MS in solution, operating under positive mode and crystallographic data of a CuII–complex of glycine (cis–{[CuII(Gly)2].H2O} (1)) in determining experimental MS diffusions of ions according to the aforementioned methodology. The correlative analysis to quantum chemical diffusions will be carried out, using the Arrhenius' approximation to the theoretical diffusion of charged species under soft–ionization MS conditions. Second, on the base on experimentally observed complex isotope shape of coordination species of ions of copper, a theoretical description of redox processes under ESI–MS conditions will be detailed. There is nothing irreconcilable between both goals, as far as, the experimental data convincingly argued that the relation to MS stochastic dynamic diffusions ⇔ quantum chemical diffusion parameters has direct bearing on how the analysis of the MS intensity of isotope sub–peaks within the aforementioned method can provide direct information about experimental 3D structure of the analyte in condense phase. The cis/trans isomerization of {[CuII(Gly)2]} complex is discussed in detail correlating crystallographic data of (1) with ESI(+)–MS ones. A process of isomerization cis–{[CuII(gly)2]0} → trans–{[CuII(gly)2+H]+} is proposed on the base on crystallographic and mass spectrometric data on (1).

Electrochemical behaviour of copper in alkaline glycine solutions

The fundamental electrochemical properties of the copper-glycine system were investigated in this study to understand the factors that affect the dissolution of metallic copper. Potentiodynamic polarisation measurements were carried out over the pH range 9.0 to 11.5, at temperatures of 22 °C and 60 °C and glycine concentrations 0.1 M and 0.3 M. A window for maximum corrosion current was determined to be between pH 10.0 and 10.5 with a maximum at 60 °C and 0.3 M glycine. Passivation was only observed at pH values >10.5, and then only at potentials above 0.4 V (vs SHE) for quiescent solutions. This passivation potential increased with the rotation speed of the copper electrode. The passive layer broke down after a short rest at the open circuit potential, which allowed reactivation of the surface and high initial currents to briefly flow until the layer re-formed. Potential-step and capacitance measurements are consistent with the formation of a duplex oxide layer of Cu2O and CuO that thickens with increasing potential. The copper glycinate complex itself also acts as an oxidising agent, the effectiveness is increased with its concentration and the concentration of free glycine. Free glycine is oxidised irreversibly above 1.2 V (vs SHE).

Activated carbon adsorption of gold from cyanide-starved glycine solutions containing copper. Part 1: Isotherms

Cyanide-starved alkaline glycine solutions have been shown to have distinct advantages in terms of lower reagent consumption and detoxification needs, or leach rate and recovery, over cyanide- only and glycine-only leach systems respectively for gold ores with nuisance copper. Activated carbon has been shown to be suitable for gold adsorption from alkaline glycine systems, and is well established for cyanide based systems. Activated carbon being an effective substrate for the adsorption of gold thus offers a possible downstream carbon-in-pulp (CIP) recovery route for alkaline glycine leach systems and hybrid systems in the presence of cyanide. Given the frequent occurrence of gold deposits with high levels of nuisance copper, the equilibrium loading of gold and copper onto activated carbon from cyanide-starved alkaline glycine solutions containing copper and gold has been studied. Adsorption efficiency was studied in terms of equilibrium loading isotherms. Results showed that while copper adsorption is more sporadic based on goodness of fit, gold adsorption is more consistent and clearly follows the Freundlich isotherm model (good linear correlation of log Q vs log C values). The adsorption isotherms were obtained using a gold concentration of 2 ppm. In the presence of copper, the equilibrium gold loading increases with increasing glycine and calcium ion concentrations, decreases with increasing cyanide concentration and is not affected by initial gold concentration. The cuprous cyanide and cupric glycinate complexes lowered gold loading through a competitive adsorption with the copper (I) cyanide complexes adsorbing more rapidly on the carbon than their glycinate counterparts. The equilibrium gold loading capacity in cyanide-starved glycine solutions containing 2 ppm Au and 300 ppm Cu, at pH 11 was found to be 9.95 kgAu/toncarbon in 24 h, which is almost four times higher than the gold loading capacity in a pure cyanide system (2.7 kgAu/toncarbon) under similar conditions. The study revealed that activated carbon was an effective adsorbent for removal gold from cyanide-glycine aqueous solutions.

Analysis of Nucleation Phenomena for Metallic Chromium Coatings Formed on Nanostructured Surfaces By of a Pulsed Laser

Obtain metallic chromium (Cr0) deposits by trivalent chromium in aqueous solution have some disadvantages respect to hexavalent chromium. The obtention of this coatings are not considered feasible to directly from a simple dissolution. The chromium III in aqueous solution presents an octahedral structure [Cr(H2O)6]+3[3], so the baths for the trivalent chrome require complex forming agents. It is also found that is difficult to obtain the same thickness with chromium III as using chromium VI, J. Mcdougall et al[4] report that it is difficult to obtain deposits greater than 2 µm from trivalent chromium, attributed to microstructural differences, causing the properties of the chromium coatings be diminished compared with the hexavalent chromium. A form to controlled the phenomena associated with the nucleation of the trivalent chromium electrolytic deposits is nanostructuring the surface sustrate where the electrodeposit is formed. This can do by pulsed laser-induced phenomenon change microstructure of the bulk. Some authors have reported significant improvements using treatments earlier of coats by pulsed lasers (femtosecond) [5][6][7]. The optimized characteristics reported are: Better Adherence, friction coefficients lower, even the nucleation type can be epitaxial. Therefore, in the present project proposes electrochemical characterization by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry for substrates of 1008 carbon steel polished and nanostructured by a pulsed laser with pulse ultra-fast. Also structural and morphologic by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, etc., Chronoamperometry was used for analyzed the nucleation phenomena on substrates polished and nanostructured materials. [1] S. G. O. J., “Obtención de un Recubrimiento de Cromo Decorativo a Partir de Soluciones de Cromo Trivalente,” Ing. E Investig., vol. 26, pp. 75–83, 2006. [2] D. L. Snyder, “Decorative chromium plating basics,” Met. Finish., vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 14–21, 2012. [3] H. Chun et al., “Molecular and Electronic Structure of Octahedral o -Aminophenolato and o -Iminobenzosemiquinonato Complexes of V ( V ), Cr ( III ), Fe ( III ), and Co ( III ). Experimental Determination of Oxidation Levels of Ligands and Metal Ions,” no. V, pp. 4157–4166, 2001. [4] J. Mcdougall and S. Ma, “Chromium electrodeposition using a chromium ( III ) glycine complex,” vol. 28, 1998. [5] C. Yao et al., “The influence of femtosecond laser repetition rates and pulse numbers on the formation of micro/nano structures on stainless steel,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 722, pp. 235–241, 2017. [6] X. Chen, Q. Yan, and Q. Ma, “Applied Surface Science Influence of the laser pre-quenched substrate on an electroplated chromium coating / steel substrate,” Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 405, pp. 273–279, 2017. [7] P. Zhang, L. Chen, J. Chen, and Y. Tu, “Material removal effect of microchannel processing by femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lasers Eng., vol. 98, no. June, pp. 69–75, 2017.

Formation of Glycinate Complexes of Iron(II) at Different Ionic Strengths of Solution

Complexation of iron(II) in aqueous glycine (α-aminoacetic acid) solutions is studied in the pH range 1.0–8.0 at 298.16 K at various ionic strengths (NaClO4). The stability constants of the resulting complexes go down as the ionic strength of the solution increases. The stability constants of the complexes are determined using the experimental “electromotive force of the system versus pH” curves by iterative fitting of the theoretical oxidation function to the experimental one with the Excel program. The correlation between the stability constants of complexes and ionic strength of the solution is also calculated using the Debye–Huckel equation and SigmaPlot 10.0 software. Statistical analysis of the calculated data is performed with P value of 0.95.