Gluten In Grain Research Articles

Characteristics of the spring common wheat variety ‘Balkysh’

One of the recent breeding work results of the FRC KazRC of RAS was the spring common wheat variety ‘Balkysh’, which was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Middle Volga region in 2021. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the variety under the conditions of the last years of testing in comparison with other varieties. The study was carried out in the fields with gray forest soils of the Tatar RIA, located in the suburbs of Kazan, in 2019–2023. The variety ‘Balkysh’ is not inferior or superior in productivity and protein yield to the varieties most common in the Republic of Tatarstan; the mean productivity of the variety was 4.31 t/ha, protein yield was 0.54 t/ha. The variety is characterized with high productivity stability. The variety had 25 % of gluten in grain, 13.2 % of protein, 94 units of IDK. The peculiarity of the rheological dough properties of the variety ‘Balkysh’ was a low value of flour force with 109 u.a., 61 mm of dough elasticity, 121 u.ph. of dough dilution, which can be used to form grinding grain batches balanced in quality to reduce the load on dough mixing machines. The variety ‘Balkysh’ is characterized with high field complex resistance to major leaf and stem diseases, with not more than 5 % of damage caused with brown leaf and stem rust over the years of testing; powdery mildew resistance during epiphytoty years was not lower than 6 points (a lower one third of the plant was slightly affected). The variety ‘Balkysh’ is characterized as short-stemmed; the mean plant height was 65.7 cm, which is significantly lower than that of the varieties developed by the TatRIA.

Productivity of soft and hard spring wheat varieties under the conditions of Primorsky Krai

Relevance. Currently, the most important tasks of breeding are the creation and introduction into production of new high—yielding varieties, resistant to stressful environmental conditions and with high grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the monsoon climate.The purpose of the study is to study varieties of spring soft and durum wheat of various origins according to the main economically valuable characteristics in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory.Methods. The research was conducted at FSBSI «FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki» in 2020–2022. Sixteen spring wheat varieties of various breeding origin served as the research object — six soft spring wheat varieties and ten hard spring wheat varieties. The weather conditions during the growing season of wheat differed over the years of the research (2020–2022). This allowed an objective evaluation of the breeding material for adaptability and resistance to stress factors.Results. For breeding and production, wheat varieties with high yields (more than 4.0 t/ha) have been identified: spring soft — Voronezh 18, Rima, Primorskaya 50, spring hard — Don Elegia. As a result of the correlation analysis, high positive associations were revealed between yield and productive bushiness (r = 0.95), the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.85), the number of spikelets in the ear (r = 0.84). Aleyskaya, Khabarovsk and Primorskaya 40 varieties stood out with the highest index of protein and gluten in grain. Variety Sunny 573 was distinguished by high hardness (67.5%) and grain type (785 g/l).

Productivity and grain quality of winter common wheat varieties developed by the “FRC “Nemchinovka”

Obtaining wheat grain with good baking qualities is an important part of the food security of the Russian Federation. An important link in the production of grain is the development of winter common wheat varieties, which have genetically determined quality characteristics. FSBSI “FRC “Nemchinovka” is a leading institute for the development of strong and valuable winter wheat varieties. In recent years, the most spread varieties of winter common wheat developed by “Nemchinovska” are ‘Moskovskaya 39’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’. The purpose of the current work was to study productivity and quality indicators of these varieties during the with years different weather conditions (according to the Competitive Variety Testing in 2015–2022). The most productive variety is ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’, the mean productivity is 7.35 t/ha, exceeding the standard ‘Moskovskaya 39’ on 1.47 t/ha with its maximum of 12.14 t/ha. According to the considered qualitative indicators, there was identified the variety ‘Moskovskaya 39’ with 15.9 % of protein in grain, 34.8 % of gluten in grain, 72.6 u. appr. of IDK, 350 u.a of strength of flour on the alveograph, 72 u.val. of valometric estimation, 1003 cm3 of volumetric yield of bread. The varieties ‘Moskovskaya 56’ and ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’ had quality indicators corresponding to valuable and strong wheat. There was found that the variety ‘Nemchinovskaya 85’ was the most variable over the years of the study (CV 8.0–18.9 %). The strength of flour on the alveograph differed to the greatest extent both according to the factors ‘variety’ and ‘year’ (17.1 %; 15.4 %; 17.6 %). There was identified that the volumetric yield of bread was the least variable indicator (5.5 %; 14.0 %; 8 %). When estimating the correlations, there was established a strong negative relationship between productivity and protein percentage in grain, similar in three varieties, and a mean positive correlation between productivity and IDK.

Competitive Variety Testing of winter common wheat in the conditions of the Penza region

The current paper has presented the results of winter common wheat, studied in the nursery of the Competitive Variety Testing in the forest-steppe zone of the Penza region for 2016–2020. The purpose of the study was to estimate breeding lines of winter common wheat of the Competitive Variety Testing according to the main economic and biological traits and to identify samples with a complex of economically valuable traits and properties, in which the productivity level is stably maintained. The objects of the study were 35 winter common wheat lines developed by the FSBSI “Federal Research Center of Fiber Crops”. The zoned variety of winter common wheat ‘Fotinya’ was used as a standard one. The productivity of winter common wheat lines in the competitive variety testing ranged from 4.31 t/ha (the line ‘Erythrospermum 17/01-1-08’) to 4.85 t/ha (the line ‘Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04’). According to productivity, the standard variety ‘Fotinya’ significantly exceeded 13 lines, the increase of which ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 t/ha, НСР05 = 0.24 t/ha. During the study period, there was carried out a comprehensive estimation of winter common wheat lines to identify the best of them as carriers of economically valuable traits, which can promote developing new highly productive varieties with a high level of adaptability to the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The lines ‘Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04’, ‘Erythrospermum 29/03-2-06’, ‘Erythrospermum 21/00-3-08’, ‘Erythrospermum 18/04-3-08’, ‘Erythrospermum 17/01-7-08’ are of great interest for breeding, since they have been distinguished by a set of indicators (with a mean yield of 4.38–4.85 t/ha, more than 90 % of winter resistance, early maturity, 9 points of resistance to lodging, natural grain weight of 767–780 g/l, 86–90 % of kernel hardiness, 28.2–32.2 % of gluten in grain, 14.8–17.1 % of protein in grain). The selected lines have been recommended for inclusion in breeding programs for the development of highly productive winter common wheat genotypes.

Оценка влияния образцов коллекции ×Trititrigia как исходного материала на качество зерна в селекционном процессе зерновых культур

In the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region, the development of wheat and triticale varieties combining stable high yields and grain quality is one of the most important breeding problems. One of the solutions may be to increase the genetic diversity of new varieties through interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tzvel., 1973) is a synthetic grain crop (2n=56), a potential donor of economically valuable traits of wheat. The studies were carried out in the conditions of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils of the Moscow region (2008–2014). Samples of late generations of trititrigia from the modern collection of the Department of Remote Hybridization of the МBG RAS on grain quality were studied. The results show that most of the samples (82%) have a potentially high protein content exceeding 13.5%. 10% of the samples accumulate more than 16% protein in grain and can be included in breeding programs. The studied samples exceed the varieties Moskovskaya 39 and Zarya in the amount of gluten in grain and form from 32.6 to 52.0% and can be used both for cultivation as independent varieties for dry gluten production and as parent components in crosses.

Response of different cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum L. to spraying by growth regulator (Ethephon)

A field experiment was carried out at Al-Hartha Research Station, which is one of the agricultural fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Basra (30 km north of the center of Basra Governorate), during the winter season 2021-2022. In order to study the effect of spraying by growth regulator (ethephon) at a concentration of 2.25 ml l-1 at tillering and elongation stages on growth, yield and quality of ten cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Al-Baraka, Al-Rasheed, Ibaa-99, Babil, Mawaddah, Bohouth-22, Bengal, Jad, Wafeya and Jihan), a factorial experiment was applied according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that wheat cultivars differed significantly in most of the character of the study. The cultivar Bohuth-22 recorded the highest grain yield and harvest index of 5.652 t ha-1 and 35.21%, respectively, due to its superiority in spikes number of 395.00 spikes m, but did not differ significantly from the two cultivars Mawaddah and Al Baraka in grain yield, as they recorded 5.323 and 5.085 t ha -1 respectively as a result of their superiority in one or more of the yield components. The results also showed the superiority of the Babil cultivar in the qualitative character, as it recorded the highest percentage of wet protein and gluten, with an average of 13.43 and 32.78% for the traits, respectively. The results showed that spraying wheat plants by ethephon increased spikes number per m², grains number per spike, and 1000 grains weight. This was reflected in an increase in the grain yield, with an average of 5.043 t ha-1, the highest protein content in an average of (13.63%). The spraying of ethephon positively increased the proportion of wet gluten in wheat grains. The effect of the interaction between the cultivars and spraying with ethephon on spikes number and percentage of wet gluten. The combination between cultivar Bohuth-22 and the plants sprayed by ethephon was superior in spikes number per m, with an average of 452 spikes m-1, and the combination between cultivar Babel and plants sprayed with ethephon excelled in the percentage of wet gluten in the grains 37.34 %.

Agrotechnological efficiency of cultivation of new varieties of winter wheat in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory

In 2 years of research, the most successful combination of high yields and good grain quality indicators was obtained when cultivating winter wheat according to the fallow precursor. Thus, the yield in this version was higher than on wheat after winter wheat by 2.7-3.1 times on the version without fertilizers and, accordingly, by 1.8-1.9 times on a fertilized background. For the entire period of research on both precursors, the application of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the yield of winter wheat grains by 0.8-1.2 t/ha for the precursor black steam and by 1.7-1.8 t/ha for wheat. The positive influence of fertilizers affected not only the yield, but also the content of gluten. On average, their application contributed to an increase in the crude gluten in grain by 1.7% (from 22.5 to 24.2%) in fallow and by 3.6% (from 14.5 to 18.1%) in semifallow land. The largest increase in gluten content in the experience options with fertilization for both predecessors was given by Victoria 11 variety - by 2.8 and 5.9%, the lowest Paritet - by 0.6 and 1.6%. The analysis of the economic efficiency of the cultivated varieties of winter wheat showed that the most cost-effective is the cultivation of winter wheat by the predecessor of pure steam, regardless of the background of nutrition. It was found out that the introduction of mineral fertilizers contributed to a reduction in the cost of a unit of production for steam by 48.5%, for the ear predecessor by 32.8%. Analyzing the obtained data on the economic efficiency of winter wheat, it can be noted that the high values of profitability on average for the predecessors and backgrounds of mineral nutrition were obtained by the varieties Sekletia and Tsaritsa, and the lowest – Partner and Paritet.

Peculiarities of grain quality formation of winter wheat varieties in the right bank forest steppe

Wheat is the main ingredient in most types of bread, rolls, crackers, cookies, biscuits, donuts, pancakes, pancakes, waffles, noodles, pies, pasta, spaghetti, cereals. As well as many other products for breakfast and diet products for children. Grain production has countless feedbacks: bakery, pasta and confectionery products are made from flour; from groats - dietary products, baby food, culinary semi-finished products; from starch - glucose, sausages and confectionery. A comprehensive study of the physical, chemical and technological properties of winter soft varieties has been carried out wheat on the basis of a systematic step-by-step assessment of the quality of grain and flour, with selection for their high quality indicators. The relationship between yield and grain and flour quality values has been studied. For the first time, varietal differences in ecological plasticity and yield stability and basic characteristics of grain quality (mass of grains, mass fraction of protein and gluten in grain) were determined. For the first time a comprehensive study of grain yield and quality traits in the vegetation experiment was conducted. Drought-resistant varieties that form high quality grain in different growing conditions have been isolated. Wheat is the most important food crop in the world grain economy. Wheat grain is considered a highcalorie food, one of the important sources of protein, vitamins B1, B2, B3, PP, phosphorus and iron compounds. The chemical composition of wheat grain depends on soil and climatic factors, growing conditions, varietal properties. Under the influence of these factors, the protein content can vary from 7 to 25 %.

Adaptive potential of winter bread wheat varieties according to grain quality in the Middle Volga region

The current study was carried out on the experimental plots of the Samarsky Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014–2020 in order to estimate the adaptive potential of the approved winter wheat varieties of the Samarsky RIA according to grain quality under varying weather conditions. Mass fraction of protein and gluten in grain, gluten quality, falling number were established according to GOST. The adaptive potential for all grain quality traits was evaluated according to A.A. Rossiell, J. Hamblin (1981), the factor of phenotypic stability of traits was determined according to D. Lewis (1954), the coefficient of traits’ variability was estimated according to B.A. Dospekhov (1979) in Microsoft Office Excel. Over the years the average mass fraction of protein in grain of the studied varieties was 15.7% (the variety ‘Malakhit’), 15.6% (‘Svetoch’,) 15.3% (‘Bezenchukskaya 380’), 14.1% (‘Biryuza’), 14.4% (‘Bazis’), 15,5% (‘Viyuga’) with 5.9; 5.4; 11.6; 6.7; 14.5; 10.9% of variability respectively. There have been identified the winter bread wheat varieties ‘Malakhit’, ‘Svetoch’, ‘Biryuza’ and ‘Viyuga’ with high phenotypic stability of the trait ‘mass fraction of protein in grain’ (SF = 1.2). The average (in 2014-2020) mass fraction of crude gluten in grain was 33.6% (‘Malakhit’), 33.2% (‘Svetoch’), 32.8% (‘Bezenchukskaya 380’), 30.5% (‘Biryuza’), 30.6% (‘Bazis’), 34.2% (‘Viyuga’) with 7.8; 8.6; 17.4; 15.2; 17.1; 15.0% of variability respectively. The phenotypic stability of the trait ‘mass fraction of crude gluten in grain’ of the varieties ‘Malakhit’ and ‘Svetoch’ was high (SF = 1.2 and 1.3, respectively). There have been identified the varieties ‘Malakhit’, ‘Svetoch’, ‘Bezenchukskaya 380’, ‘Biryuza’, ‘Bazis’, ‘Viyuga’ with high phenotypic stability of the trait ‘gluten quality’ (SF = 1.2; 1.3; 1.2; 1.1; 1.2; 1.2 respectively). The average (in 2014-2020) value of the trait ‘falling number’ of the varieties was 232c (‘Malakhit’), 240c (‘Svetoch’), 258c (‘Bezenchukskaya 380’), 349c (‘Biryuza’), 223c (‘Bazis’), 347c (‘Viyuga’) with 34.7; 42.6; 11.2; 21.6; 43.3, 24.8% of variability respectively. There have been identified phenotypically stable varieties according to the trait ‘falling number’, namely ‘Bezenchukskaya 380’ (SF = 1.3), ‘Viyuga’ (SF = 1.9). According to the maximum expressivity and phenotypic stability of the traits ‘grain quality’, ‘mass fraction of protein and gluten in grain’, ‘falling number’ there have been identified the winter bread wheat varieties ‘Bezenchukskaya 380’, ‘Biryuza’ and ‘Viyuga’.

Origin and agrobiological potential of the Umanska tsarivna soft winter wheat variety

The aim of the research was to create new high-yielding materials of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by interspecifc hybridization with winter spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.). In the course of the research, crossbreeding of soft winter wheat varieties Columbia and Myronivska 65 was carried out among the crosses and subsequent hybridization of the obtained ofspring with the Zorya Ukrainy spelt winter wheat variety. Breeding sample 6274 was selected using multiple individual selections on morphological, biological and economically valuable indicators selected. The sample showed high productivity (7.21 t/ha), content gluten in grain (41.0 %) and complex resistance to adverse environmental factors, fungal diseases and pests for the period of competitive variety testing (2016–2018) in the Uman National University of Horticulture was characterized. Sample 6274 was transferred to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination in 2018 under the name Uman Princess, where during 2018–2020 its formal and qualifcation examination was conducted in 17 branches of different regions of Ukraine. During this period, the variety had a grain yield at the level of average indicators in the Polissya area (5.87 t/ ha) and was characterized by early ripening (growing season within 259–273 days), high resistance (8–9 points) to shedding, brown rust and Swedish fly. The baking properties of the variety are good: the strength of the flour is 182–253 units of alveograph, the volume of bread from 100 g of flour is 840–970 mm. The Uman Princess variety belongs to the middle-early group of plants. Distinguished by aligned stems and uniform maturation. According to the results of the qualifcation examination, the Umanska tsarivna variety was listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine since 2020 and recommended for cultivation in the Polissya area. Key words: soft wheat, spelt wheat, hybridization, selection, control testing.

Protein and gluten content in grain of the winter bread wheat varieties, depending on the forecrop

One of the important tasks facing agriculture is to increase the production of high quality grain. It is known knowledge that the variety is a dynamic biological factor capable of realizing its genetic potential with a different combination of environmental factors and can act as a biological foundation for the production of high quality grain. The forecrop in modern agriculture acts as an independent factor in increasing grain yield and quality. The purpose of the current study was to estimate protein and gluten content in grain of winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type when sown after maize for grain and sunflower in the conditions of the Rostov region. The objects of the study were 9 winter bread wheat varieties of the intensive type developed in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production in 2018–2020. There were identified the varieties that formed the largest percentage of protein in grain on average over the years of study. They were the varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Yubiley Dona’ and ‘Shef’ (12.44–13.06%) sown after maize for grain, and the varieties ‘Rubin Dona’, ‘Shef’ and ‘Zodiak’ (14.09–14.33%) sown after sunflower. There have been identified the varieties ‘Zodiak’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ with the largest amount of gluten in grain on average over the years of study. They produced 24.63%, 25.53%, respectively after maize for grain; after sunflower they produced 28.20%, 27.66%, respectively. The results of two-way analysis of variance proved a greater effect of the factor ‘forecrop’ on protein and gluten content in grain of winter bread wheat than the effect of the factor ‘variety’ and their correlation.

ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ СИЛИКАТОВ, ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ ПОЧВЫ, БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯ КРЕМНИЯ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЦЕОЛИТА

ПОДВИЖНОСТЬ СИЛИКАТОВ, ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТОЙ ПОЧВЫ, БИОАККУМУЛЯЦИЯ КРЕМНИЯ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЦЕОЛИТА

MOBILITY OF SILICON, FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, BIOACCUMULATION OF SILICON AND YIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ZEOLITE

MOBILITY OF SILICON, FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, BIOACCUMULATION OF SILICON AND YIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ZEOLITE

Soil water regime, yield and grain quality of spring wheat using the direct sowing technology in the steppe zone of Altai Krai

The paper presents data on the influence of the direct sowing technology on the soil water regime, the yield and the grain quality of the spring wheat in the steppe zone of Altai Krai. The results showed that 2009 was the best year for the spring wheat yield; 2012, 2014 and 2015 were characterized by the minimum values of the soil moisture content and the spring wheat yield. However, there was the highest amount of gluten in grains during these years. The correlation between the yield and the water accumulation in the meter soil layer for the autumn-spring period was the highest, R=0.83. This can be taken into account in the direct sowing technology implementation in the spring soft wheat production.

A new variety of spring soft wheat aist-45 as a result of a wide environmental test

The assessment of a new variety of spring soft wheat Aist 45 was given based on the analysis data of yield, plasticity, grain quality, and disease resistance. The studies were carried out at the Kurgan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, a branch of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A test in breeding nurseries (2011-2020) showed an excess of yield over mid-season and mid-late standards (4.4 and 2.8 cwt/ha). In the ecological test under the KASIB (Kazakstan-Siberian network for improving spring wheat) program of 52 varieties in 16 points of Russia and Kazakhstan (2017-2018), Aist 45 variety had a high rating in terms of yield; according to the results of technological analysis, it showed good potential in the content of protein (15.7-16, 3%) and gluten in grain (31.6-32.4%), attributed to valuable wheat. When evaluated for resistance to brown rust against an artificial background in the seedling phase, Aist 45 was assigned to the resistant type (VIZR and VNIIF). Against the infectious background of the RIBSP of South Kazakhstan, the variety showed resistance to septoriosis and pyrenophorosis. Susceptible to dust brand. The variety is capable of forming a stable yield in drought stress conditions and epiphytotic development of brown and stem rust.

Влияние способов и доз внесения удобрений на продуктивность озимой пшеницы при прямом посеве на черноземе обыкновенном

Purpose: to study the influence of methods and rates of mineral fertilizers on the winter wheat yield and grain quality by direct sowing on corn on ordinary chernozem under conditions of unstable moisture in Stavropol Territory. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2014–2019 in a three-factor experiment in the fields of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center. We studied the effect of pre-sowing fertilization and nitrogen fertilization (N52) on wheat productivity with two tillage technologies: with the recommended tillage system and with direct sowing (No-Till). Pre-sowing fertilization options: 1) without fertilizers; 2) N6P26; 3) N12P52; 4) N24P104; 5) N52P52; 6) N52P52K52; 7) N52; 8) N104P52K52. Results. Direct sowing had an advantage over the recommended technology in the reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0–100 cm during the sowing period. In the No-Till technology, the average yield increase from pre-sowing fertilizer was within 0.78–3.02 t/ha (28–109 %), from nitrogen fertilization it was 0.55–1.85 t/ha (15–48 %) and when both methods of application are combined – 1.47–4.02 t/ha (53–145 %). The highest and most stable increments over the years (3.07–4.56 t/ha, or 101–219 % to the control) were obtained when using the maximum rate of pre-sowing fertilizer with nitrogen fertilization – N104P52K52 + N52. The increase in grain yield per unit of active fertilizer substance was 15.5 kg. Mass fraction of crude gluten in grain exceeded the control by 3.0–7.9 %. The application of this fertilizer dose helped to equalize the yield between technologies. Conclusions. The results showed that in order to obtain the greatest agronomic effect in the third year of direct sowing of winter wheat on maize, the predominant application of nitrogen fertilizer in a total dose exceeding the dose of phosphorus and potassium by 2–3 times is required. Correctly selected methods of application and fertilizers rates prevent a decrease in wheat yield when switching from the recommended tillage technology to direct sowing.

Estimation of grain productivity and biochemical indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties depending on the forecrop

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sunflower and pea on the amount of productivity, protein and gluten percentage in grain. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production. The forecrops were peas and sunflower. The study results showed that the varieties ‘Volny Don’ (6.1 t / ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.1 t / ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (6.0 t / ha), when sown after peas, gave the largest yields. The varieties ‘Volny Don’ (4.9 t / ha) and ‘Polina’ (4.8 t / ha) which were sown after sunflower, showed the best productivity. The analysis of qualitative indicators established that the maximum percentage of protein and gluten in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.3%; 28.3%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (16.1%; 28.5%), which were sown after peas; and the same varieties showed good results (‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.2%; 27.4%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (15.7%; 27.8%)), when sown after sunflower.

Yield capacity and grain quality of productive Triticum aestivum L. mutants, induced by chemical mutagenic factors of the environment

Aim. Taking into account the fact that the zones of local massive chemical soil contamination could have unique conditions of the effect of gene-toxic factors on living organisms, the purpose of the research was to study yield capacity and some parameters of grain quality of productive T. aestivum L. mutants, induced by chemical techno-genic mutagenic factors of the environment. Methods. The yield from each plot was determined based on three-year data. The determination of the total protein and gluten content and the studying of the indicators of grain firmness were carried out in M6 by the method of infra-red spectroscopy (NIR). Gluten quality was determined by sedimentation indicator SDS-30. Results. Samples were selected whose yield exceeded the initial form by 1.2–9.0%. In most of them by the content of protein and gluten in grain, the indicator of sedimentation and grain firmness corresponds to the level of an initial form or does not equal it considerably. Mutant sample No. 5561 of cultivar Albatros odeskyi, induced by the contamination with the discharges of Burshtyn ThPS, was found; its yield capacity was supplemented by a serious increase of grain quality indicators. Conclusions. Using the effect of chemical techno-genic mutagenic factors of the environment, it is possible to improve the indicators of wheat yield capacity and grain quality. The expansion of the genetic diversification of the initial breeding material due to a gene-toxic effect of xenobiotics creates perspectives for its use to implement breeding-genetic programs of the improvement of wheat cultivars.
 Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., mutagenic factors, productive mutants, yield capacity, grain quality.

RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUTEN OF WHEAT GRAINS DAMAGED BY THE WHEAT BUG

Favorable weather and climate conditions for growing grain are also favorable for the livelihoods and reproduction of pests of grain stocks, and especially for wheat bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.). Grain damaged by this pest loses its genetically incorporated properties, negative changes occur in the quantity and quality of gluten. Due to the ingestion of bug’s saliva with its special enzymes into the grain, the baking properties of the flour from such grain deteriorate – the dough becomes liquid, sticky, it loses elasticity. Thus, the issue of further effective use of grain damaged by the shield bugis very urgent. This requires information on the dependence of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gluten on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The aim of the study was to establish patterns of change in the quantity and quality of gluten depending on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug, which will increase the efficiency of the formation of batches for further use in the food industry. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were solved: during the grain harvesting periods of 2015–2018, at the enterprises of the industry, wheat samples were taken with the content damaged by the wheat bug in the range of 0.5...5.0 %, the quantity and quality were determined in them gluten, trends in the quantity and quality of gluten have been established depending on the content of damaged grains and their comparison with published data. The object of the study was the gluten complex of wheat, with various contents of grains damaged by the wheat bug. The subject of research was the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of soft wheat of grades 2–3 of the 2015– 2018 crop samples with various grains damaged by a wheat bug selected at enterprises in the Odessa region. Based on the results of determining the quantity and quality of gluten in samples of the 2015–2018 crop and the available literature data on the quantity and quality of gluten in grain 2005– 2007, a crop with the content of grain damaged by the wheat bug was shown to be 5.0 %, that between the amount of gluten and the content in the grain mass of the grains damaged by the wheat bug, there are no regularities.Existing fluctuations in the amount of gluten are reliably associated with different origins of grain samples grown under different agrotechnological conditions, different protein contents, varietal characteristics of grain and other factors. The regularities of changes in the quality of gluten depending on the content of grain damaged by a wheat bug have been established – with an increase in the content of damaged grains, according to a linear law, the gluten quality index determined on the VDK device also increases. It was also established that the intensity of changes in the quality of gluten significantly depends on the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug; there was a slight increase in the quality index of gluten with the content of damaged grains up to 2.0 %, and its rapid growth with the content of damaged grains from 2.0 % to 5,0 % It is shown that in the studied wheat samples with the content of grains damaged by the wheat bug up to 2.5...2.7 %, the VDK indicator belongs to the 2nd group of gluten quality – satisfactory weak and wheat belongs to 1–3 grades in this indicator. With a further increase in the content of grains damaged the wheat bug, the index of VDK increases and gluten passes to the 3rd group – unsatisfactory weak, and the batch of wheat belongs to the 4th class.

154 Evaluation of repeated exposure to lipopolysaccharide on vaginal temperature and complete blood count in two-year-old Brahman heifers

Abstract The effects of escalating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) doses on vaginal temperature (VT) and complete blood count (CBC) were evaluated to develop a model of low-level inflammatory response in cattle. Brahman heifers (2-yr-old; 326 kg BW) paired by birthdate, sire, and weaning temperament score were fitted with self-contained, indwelling vaginal temperature probes 7 d before initiation of treatment (d 0) and randomly assigned to Control (n = 6) or LPS (n = 6) treatment. Heifers were maintained as a group with free choice access to Coastal bermudagrass hay and fed 3.6 kg of a 3:1 corn:corn gluten grain mix per head per day. Heifers were weighed, BCS recorded, and blood samples were collected weekly by jugular venapuncture before delivery of treatments. Treated heifers received LPS (from Escherichia coli) via subcutaneous injection in the neck (d 0: 0.25 μg / kg BW; d7: 0.50 μg /kg BW; d 14: 0.75 μg /kg BW) and Control heifers received saline. Sickness behavior score (SBS) was monitored at 30-min intervals for 12 hr after LPS. Treatment was the fixed effect of interest. Random effects included sire and day repeated with heifer as the subject. No dose-treatment interactions were detected. The SBS did not change after subcutaneous LPS or saline (P > 0.1). Neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers 7 d after each injection were not affected by LPS (P > 0.1). A febrile response began within 1 hr and persisted up to 14 hr after LPS injections. The febrile effect of the 0.25 μg LPS dose was less pronounced (P < 0.05) than that of the 0.50 μg and 0.75 μg LPS doses which were similar to one another. Lipopolysaccharide treatment increased maximum VT (P < 0.0001), hastened time to attain maximum VT (P = 0.0429), and increased the change in VT (P < 0.0001). Weekly subcutaneous injection of LPS facilitates the study of the effect of sub-clinical illness in beef cattle.