Agrotechnological efficiency of cultivation of new varieties of winter wheat in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory

Abstract

In 2 years of research, the most successful combination of high yields and good grain quality indicators was obtained when cultivating winter wheat according to the fallow precursor. Thus, the yield in this version was higher than on wheat after winter wheat by 2.7-3.1 times on the version without fertilizers and, accordingly, by 1.8-1.9 times on a fertilized background. For the entire period of research on both precursors, the application of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the yield of winter wheat grains by 0.8-1.2 t/ha for the precursor black steam and by 1.7-1.8 t/ha for wheat. The positive influence of fertilizers affected not only the yield, but also the content of gluten. On average, their application contributed to an increase in the crude gluten in grain by 1.7% (from 22.5 to 24.2%) in fallow and by 3.6% (from 14.5 to 18.1%) in semifallow land. The largest increase in gluten content in the experience options with fertilization for both predecessors was given by Victoria 11 variety - by 2.8 and 5.9%, the lowest Paritet - by 0.6 and 1.6%. The analysis of the economic efficiency of the cultivated varieties of winter wheat showed that the most cost-effective is the cultivation of winter wheat by the predecessor of pure steam, regardless of the background of nutrition. It was found out that the introduction of mineral fertilizers contributed to a reduction in the cost of a unit of production for steam by 48.5%, for the ear predecessor by 32.8%. Analyzing the obtained data on the economic efficiency of winter wheat, it can be noted that the high values of profitability on average for the predecessors and backgrounds of mineral nutrition were obtained by the varieties Sekletia and Tsaritsa, and the lowest – Partner and Paritet.