Glucose Water Solution Research Articles

Evaluation of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis by Pediatric Emergency Physician Sonography

The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of pediatric emergency physician (EP) sonography for infants with suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). This was a prospective observational pilot study in an urban academic pediatric emergency department (PED). Patients were selected if the treating physician ordered an ultrasound (US) in the department of radiology for the evaluation of suspected HPS. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled from August 2009 through April 2012. When identifying the pylorus, pediatric EPs correctly identified all 10 positive cases, with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 62% to 100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI = 92% to 100%). There was no statistical difference between the measurements obtained by pediatric EPs and radiology staff for pyloric muscle width or length (p = 0.5 and p = 0.79, respectively). Trained pediatric EPs can accurately assess the pylorus with US in the evaluation of HPS with good specificity.

Solvent Sharing Models for Non-Interacting Solute Molecules: The Case of Glucose and Trehalose Water Solutions

The concentration dependence of hydration numbers of molecules modelled as nearly spherical particles is studied by simple analytic and numerical approaches, in the ideal limit of absence of intermolecular interactions. It is shown that the random close-to-contact condition achieved by solute molecules, noticeably affects the average hydration numbers. Comparison with experimental results obtained by light scattering in glucose and trehalose water solutions shows a reduction of the hydration number that is twice faster than that calculated in absence of interactions, suggesting important aggregation phenomena to occur in both systems, even at relatively low solute concentration. The effect of concentration on shear viscosity is also reported, suggesting that the leading contribution to the increase of viscosity arises from hydration water.

Cellulose triacetate forward osmosis membranes: preparation and characterization

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) forward osmosis membranes were prepared by immersion precipitation. Following a standard recipe for the preparation of reverse osmosis membranes, the concentrations of polymer, additives (lactic acid, methanol), and solvent composition in the casting solution were investigated with respect to membrane permeation and salt rejection. The membrane preparation parameters including the evaporation time and the coagulation bath temperature were investigated as well. A CTA membrane with a quasi double-skinned morphology was obtained. The CTA FO membrane showed a water flux higher than 10 kg/m2 h using 2M glucose water solution as the draw solution and 0. 5M NaCl as feed. A NaCl rejection of 95% was obtained.

English

Recently, zebrafish has shown the potential to become an important in vivo model for diabetes-related research. In this study, we performed a validation study for the establishment of optimal hyperglycemia involving the following factors: alloxan concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/100 ml; exposure times of 30, 60, 120, and 180 min to an alloxan solution and water glucose solution; and water glucose solution concentrations of 1, 2, and 3%. The results have shown that exposure to water glucose solution following alloxan treatment might increase blood glucose level in zebrafish in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The appropriate hyperglycemia zebrafish model was induced in 300 mg/100 ml alloxan solution for 30 min, 1% water glucose solution for 30 min, and water for 1 h. We suggest that our zebrafish model could be an alternative hyperglycemia animal model in the future.   Key words: Zebrafish, hyperglycemia, alloxan, blood glucose.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЙНИХ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТЕЙ ВОДНИХ РОЗЧИНІВ

This article describes a study of spontaneous and induced EHF-radiation temperature fluctuations in water solutions of glucose. There is shown a linear dependence of the relative magnitudes of repetition periods of the autocorrelation function and the relative frequencies of the Fourier transformation coefficients of the glucose concentration.

An Integrated Young Interferometer Based on UV-Imprinted Polymer Waveguides for Label-Free Biosensing Applications

We demonstrate a polymer rib waveguide Young interferometer sensor fabricated by UV-imprinting. An inverted rib waveguide structure was utilized in order to simplify the fabrication process. In this configuration grooves are formed on the under cladding layer by UV-imprinting and core material is spin coated on top to fill the grooves. Glucose water solution was used to characterize the sensor response against ambient refractive index changes. The sensing responses correspond linearly with the refractive index change of glucose solutions with a detection limit of about 10-5. To verify the capability of the polymer sensor for biosensing, an immunoassay was performed with c-reactive protein (CRP) and human CRP specific antibody adsorbed on the waveguide surface as a receptor. The CRP solution in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) buffer with a concentration of 2 µg/ml (16 nM) resulted in an obvious response which was over a couple hundred times of the noise level. Based on these values, a detection limit of about 2.4 pg/mm2 was found for the surface sensing of molecular adsorption. With the proposed waveguide configuration, the fabrication of polymer sensors can be ultimately transferred to roll-to-roll mass production to produce low-cost disposable sensors.

Acute intermittent porphyria: fatal complications of treatment

Acute neurovisceral attacks of porphyria can be life threatening. They are rare and notoriously difficult to diagnose clinically, but should be considered, particularly in female patients with unexplained abdominal pain, and associated neurological or psychiatric features or hyponatraemia. The diagnosis might be suggested by altered urine colour and can be confirmed by finding an elevated porphobilinogen concentration in fresh urine protected from light. Severe attacks require treatment with intravenous haem arginate and supportive management with safe drugs, including adequate analgesia. Intravenous glucose in water solutions are contraindicated as they aggravate hyponatraemia, which can prove fatal.

Volumetric Properties of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate–Glucose–Water Systems

Densities for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4)–glucose–water solutions were determined at 298.15 K. The measured densities were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of glucose (VΦ,S) and [Bmim]BF4 (VΦ,IL) in the studied solutions. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, VΦ,S∞ and VΦ,IL∞, have been evaluated, together with the standard transfer volumes of the sucrose (ΔtVS∞) from water to aqueous solutions of [Bmim]BF4 and those of [Bmim]BF4 (ΔtVIL∞) from water to aqueous glucose solution. It was shown that the ΔtVS∞ and ΔtVIL∞ values are positive and increase with increasing molalities of [Bmim]BF4 and glucose, respectively, and the values of VΦ,S∞ have the order of glucose < sucrose. The volumetric interaction parameters for [Bmim]BF4–glucose pairs in water were also obtained and interpreted by the structural interactions model.

An Integrated Young Interferometer Based on UV-Imprinted Polymer Waveguides for Label-Free Biosensing Applications

We demonstrate a polymer-rib waveguide Young interferometer sensor fabricated by UV imprinting. An inverted-rib waveguide structure was utilized to simplify the fabrication process. In this configuration, grooves were formed on the undercladding layer by UV imprinting and the core material was spin coated on top to fill the grooves. A glucose-water solution was used to characterize the sensor response against bulk refractive index changes. Recorded sensing responses show a linear correspondence with the refractive index changes of glucose solutions with a detection limit of about 10−5. To verify the polymer sensor’s biosensing capability, an immunoassay was performed with c-reactive proteins (CRP) and human CRP-specific antibodies adsorbed on the waveguide surface. A CRP solution in a PBS (phosphate buffered saline) buffer with a concentration of 2 µg/ml (16 nM) produced a marked response, exceeding the noise level over two hundred times. Based on these values, a detection limit of about 2.4 pg/mm2 was determined for surface sensing of molecular adsorption. With the proposed waveguide configuration, the fabrication of polymer sensors can be ultimately transferred to roll-to-roll mass production to produce low-cost disposable sensors.

Influence of the strong metal support interaction effect (SMSI) of Pt/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 systems in the photocatalytic biohydrogen production from glucose solution

Abstract Two different catalysts consisting of Pt/TiO2 and Pd/TiO2 were submitted to diverse oxidative and reductive calcination treatments and tested for photocatalytic reforming of glucose water solution (as a model of biomass component) in H2 production. Oxidation and reduction at 850 °C resulted in better photocatalysts for hydrogen production than Degussa P-25 and the ones prepared at 500 °C, despite the fact that the former consisted in very low surface area (6–8 m2/g) rutile titania specimens. The platinum-containing systems prepared at 850 °C give the most effective catalysts. XPS characterization of the systems showed that thermal treatment at 850 °C resulted in electron transfer from titania to metal particles through the so-called strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effect. Furthermore, the greater the SMSI effect, the better the catalytic performance. Improvement in photocatalytic behavior is explained in terms of avoidance of electron–hole recombination through the electron transfer from titania to metal particles.

Reply to “Comment on ‘Individual Ionic Activity Coefficients of Sodium Halides in Glucose–Water Solutions at 298.15 K’ ”

Reply to “Comment on ‘Individual Ionic Activity Coefficients of Sodium Halides in Glucose–Water Solutions at 298.15 K’ ”

Comment on “Individual Ionic Activity Coefficients of Sodium Halides in Glucose–Water Solutions at 298.15 K”

Comment on “Individual Ionic Activity Coefficients of Sodium Halides in Glucose–Water Solutions at 298.15 K”

Experimental determination of the sensitivity of Bloch Surface Waves based sensors

Detection of glucose in water solution for several different concentrations has been performed with the purpose to determine the sensitivity of Near Infrared Bloch Surface Waves (lambda = 1.55microm) upon refractive index variations of the outer medium. TE-polarized electromagnetic surface waves are excited by a prism on a silicon nitride multilayer, according to the Kretschmann configuration. The real-time reflectance changes induced by discrete variations in glucose concentration has been revealed and analyzed. Without using any particular averaging strategy during the measurements, we pushed the device detection limit down to a glucose concentration of 2.5mg/dL, corresponding to a minimum detectable refractive index variation of the water solution as low as 3.8.10(-6).

Density and viscosity studies of glucose solutions in water and in aqueous NaCI, NaBr, KCl and KBr solutions at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K

Density and viscosity studies of glucose solutions in water and in aqueous NaCI, NaBr, KCl and KBr solutions at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K

Dynamics of transportation of glucose and urea water solutions through a porous polyethyleneterephthalate membrane studied by optical interference

The paper reports an interferometric method for characterisation of the dynamics of transportation of glucose and urea water solutions through a porous polyethyleneterephthalate membrane. The method is based on measurements of the changes in the light refraction indices of solutions partitioned by the membrane, using a Jamina interferometer. Synthetic membranes have been used among others in haemodialysis. In this process selective transportation of substances through a membrane permits elimination of toxic substances form the patient's blood employing the phenomena of osmosis, filtration, ultrafiltration and diffusion. The process efficiency depends on the parameters of the membrane pores (diameter, channel length, number of channels per diffusion active area). The process of haemodialysis can be optimised by changing the parameters influencing its course, whose effect is determined by measurements of diffusion rate of substances of the known molar weight, molecule size and permeability (glucose, urea) in laboratory conditions. In this paper, assuming the porous model of the membrane structure, the permeability P and mean number of pores m per a unit of the diffusion active area have been determined in order to establish the parameters at which the course of haemodialysis will be the most effective.

Polarized Photon-Pairs Heterodyne Polarimetry for Ultrasensitive Optical Activity Detection of a Chiral Medium

A polarized photon-pairs heterodyne polarimetry is proposed in order to measure in an ultrasensitive manner the circular birefringence of a chiral medium via optical rotation detection. A balanced detector is integrated into this polarimeter. Thus, shot-noise-limited detection by this polarimeter can be achieved. Experimentally, the detection sensitivity for the circular birefringence of a glucose-water solution up to partial differential |n(r) - n(l)| = 2 x 10(-11) at 10 mg/dL is verified. To our knowledge, this is the highest sensitivity ever measured of a chiral liquid solution based on single traveling sample cell geometry. Finally, when compared to a fiber loop ring-resonator in the frequency domain for a chiral liquid, this polarimeter shows an order of 10(4) enhancement on the sensitivity of natural optical activity measurement.

Hydrogen bond dynamics and water structure in glucose-water solutions by depolarized Rayleigh scattering and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy

The effect of glucose on the relaxation process of water at picosecond time scales has been investigated by depolarized Rayleigh scattering (DRS) experiments. The process is assigned to the fast hydrogen bonding dynamics of the water network. In DRS spectra this contribution can be safely separated from the slower relaxation process due to the sugar. The detected relaxation time is studied at different glucose concentrations and modeled considering bulk and hydrating water contributions. As a result, it is found that in diluted conditions the hydrogen bond lifetime of proximal water molecules becomes about three times slower than that of the bulk. The effect of the sugar on the hydrogen bond water structure is investigated by analyzing the low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectrum sensitive to intermolecular modes. The addition of glucose strongly reduces the intensity of the band at 170 cm(-1) assigned to a collective stretching mode of water molecules arranged in cooperative tetrahedral domains. These findings indicate that proximal water molecules partially lose the tetrahedral ordering typical of the bulk leading to the formation of high density environments around the sugar. Thus the glucose imposes a new local order among water molecules localized in its hydration shell in which the hydrogen bond breaking dynamics is sensitively retarded. This work provides new experimental evidences that support recent molecular dynamics simulation and thermodynamics results.

Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fibre and polyphenols increases plasma glucose and serum insulin responses in combination with a glucose load in humans

Dietary fibre consumption is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. In contrast, dietary polyphenols have been suggested to exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on glucose and insulin metabolism. Recently, we reported that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (carob fibre) resulted in lower postprandial acylated ghrelin levels after a liquid meal challenge test compared with a control meal without supplementation. The effects may, however, differ when a different food matrix is used. Thus, we investigated the effects of carob fibre on glucose, insulin and ghrelin responses in healthy humans in combination with a glucose load. In a randomized single-blind cross-over study involving twenty healthy subjects (aged 22-62 years), plasma glucose, total and acylated ghrelin, and serum insulin were repeatedly assessed before and after the ingestion of 200 ml water with 50 g glucose and 0, 5, 10 or 20 g carob fibre over a period of 180 min. The intake of 5 and 10 g carob fibre increased the plasma glucose by 47 % and 64 % (P < 0.001), and serum insulin by 19.9 and 24.8 % (P < 0.001), compared with the control. Plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations did not change significantly after the consumption of carob-enriched glucose solution. Total ghrelin decreased only after 10 g carob fibre (P < 0.001) compared with control. In conclusion, we showed that polyphenol-rich carob fibre, administered within a water-glucose solution, increases postprandial glucose and insulin responses, suggesting a deterioration in glycaemic control.

Separate dynamics of solute and solvent in water–glucose solutions by depolarized light scattering

We report depolarized light scattering measurements of water–glucose solutions in a wide spectral range from 0.01 to 1000 cm −1, performed by the combined use of a double monocromator and a multipass Fabry–Perot interferometer. For the first time evidence is given of a low frequency relaxation process related to the glucose dynamics well separated from that of water. This low frequency process has a different origin with respect to the broad relaxation feature detected by dielectric spectroscopy and is interpreted in terms of Stokes–Einstein–Debye rotational diffusion of single glucose molecules.

Renewable Hydrogen from Nonvolatile Fuels by Reactive Flash Volatilization

Droplets of nonvolatile fuels such as soy oil and glucose-water solutions can be flash evaporated by catalytic partial oxidation to produce hydrogen in high yields with a total time in the reactor of less than 50 milliseconds. Pyrolysis, coupled with catalytic oxidation of the fuels and their fragments upon impact with a hot rhodium-cerium catalyst surface, avoids the formation of deactivating carbon layers on the catalyst. The catalytic reactions of these products generate approximately 1 megawatt of heat per square meter, which maintains the catalyst surface above 800 degrees C at high drop impact rates. At these temperatures, heavy fuels can be catalytically transformed directly into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other small molecules in very short contact times without the formation of carbon.