Serum Blood Glucose Research Articles

Bitter gourd flavored Non-Alcoholic Wheat Beer (NAWB) exhibited antidiabetic properties by modulating carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and upregulates insulin and GLUT-2 mRNA expressions in High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced diabetic rats

To improve the control of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), this study investigated the potential benefits of an alcohol-free beer flavored with bitter gourd leaves, a plant with proven hypoglycemic properties. The high fat/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) model was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats as test subjects. The rats were divided into eight groups (n = 5) as follows: HP (STZ + 100% Hops); BG (STZ + 100% Bitter Gourd); 75:25BG (STZ + 75% Hops; 25%BG); 50:50BG (STZ + 50%Hops50%Bitter Gourd); 25:75BG (STZ + 25%Hops75%Bitter Gourd); Acarbose (STZ + Acarbose); DC (STZ-diabetic control group); NC (Normal Control group). Following a 14-day treatment, there was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in blood sugar, serum glucose, α-amylase activity, α-glucosidase activity, and lipase activity. As the percentage of bitter gourd inclusion increased, the expression of GLUT-2 and insulin genes was upregulated. The beer sample with the lowest percentage inclusion of Hops (25:75BG) had the lowest glycemic index (GI). The study suggested that bitter gourd-flavored alcohol-free beer reduces blood glucose through muptiple pathways and could be a useful dietary intervention in the management of type 2 diabetes.Graphical

A cross-sectional study of the clinical profile of children admitted with yellow phosphorous poisoning in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Yellow phosphorous (YP) is a protoplasmic poison that is mainly used as a rodenticide. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to describe the clinical profile of YP poisoning in children in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu. A convenience sample of all the cases admitted during the year 2022 was done. Demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results: The male: female ratio was 1.16:1 (n=13). The mean age of the children was 4.0769±1.373 years. About 84.61% of the children reported to the hospital within 6 h. On admission, fever (30.76%), vomiting (30.76%), abdominal pain (30.76%), bleeding (15.38%), and altered sensorium (15.38%) were the common symptoms. All the children ingested YP accidentally. Leukocytosis was observed in about 30.76%. The mean peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 516.9231±685.976 IU/L and 161.9231±215.107 IU/L, respectively. There were no alterations in the Electrocardiographic tracings, levels of serum electrolytes, blood glucose, and serum creatinine in children with YP poisoning. Significant differences were observed between children who survived and children who died in the levels of mean peak AST, mean peak ALT, INR, and in the presence of encephalopathy and bleeding manifestations. Conclusion: YP is an uncommon but lethal poison in children. Creating awareness among parents about the dangers of YP and nationwide prohibition of the sale of YP will be an important step in eliminating deaths in children who are accidental victims.

High-performance electrochemical detection of glucose in human blood serum using a hierarchical NiO2 nanostructure supported on phosphorus doped graphene

This report describes the development of high-performing non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on a combination of a phosphorous doped graphene (PG) layer and a composite metal oxide. Using a reflux technique and high-temperature annealing, a combined sheet-like NiO2@PG nanocomposite was created. This structure was examined using a variety of physicochemical methods, including thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The NiO2@PG nanocomposite offers a large surface area and an easily penetrable structure, allowing for greater chemical sensitivity to glucose oxidation. The dynamic range of the developed glucose sensor is relatively broad, ranging 10–170 μM. It exhibits a sensitivity of 70.28 μA μM−1 cm−2 , a small limit of detection of 7.83 μM, with a rapid response time of 1.07 s. The sensor also shows outstanding selectivity, long-term stability, reproducibility, and favorable repeatability, and can detect glucose in human serum samples. Additionally, the NiO2@PG composites sensing ability can be enhanced through ligand-to-metal charge-transfer, as validated by density functional theory. Studies on the mechanism of sensing and chemical structure of the composite after stabilization suggest it should prove useful in real-world applications.

Effect of adding two levels of dried Molokhia (Corchorus Olitorius L.) leaves to the diet on some physiological characteristics and bacterial numbers in the intestines of broilers

This study has tackled the poultry field of (Abu Ghraib site) related to the animal production Department/ College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad for 42 days (from 15 Oct 2021 to 26 Nov 2021). The study aims to investigate the effect of adding the powder of Corchorus olitorius dried leaves to the diet for different periods on the productive performance of broilers. Three hundred fifteen broiler chicks are used (Ross 308 breed) regardless of gender, of one day age and an initial weight of 40 gm. The chicks are divided into seven coefficients and three replicators for each coefficient; each replicator includes 15 chicks. The chicks starting from age 1-21 days are fed with a (starter) chicken feed consisting of 3006.5 kilo calories/ Kg. Feed metabolized energy and 22% raw protein. Then, the chicks are fed with a (finisher) chicken feed from 22-42 days of age. The finisher comprises 3171.11-kilo calories/ Kg. of feed metabolized energy and 20.54 raw protein. Biochemical tests reveal no effect of the coefficients of adding powder of Corchorus olitorius L. dried leaves on the averages of glucose and phosphorus in blood serum. An improvement (P˂0.05) of T4 coefficient covering albumin, globulin, cholesterol, and whole averages of protein is shown. As for glutathione, all adding coefficients show improvements (P˂0.05) compared to the control coefficient. Coefficient T7 (5.47mg) shows a more significant increase, whereas the lowest is (4.14mg/ml). The results indicated that treatments of adding dried Molokhia leaves powder led to a significant (P &lt; 0.05) increase in the number of Lactobacillus beneficial bacteria compared to the control treatment. In contrast, a significant (P &lt; 0.05) increase was observed in the number of pathogenic bacteria, E. coli, for the control treatment compared to addition treatments for all periods. Keywords: chicken feed, dried leaves, molokhia, physiological traits, lactobacillus.

FRI652 Type 2 Diabetes Management: More GLP1 Agonists And Less Metformin?

Abstract Disclosure: F.J. Lopez Maldonado: None. R.A. Cota: None. Case presentation: A 41-year-old male patient with family history of T2DM in both parents and brother, personal history of mild alcohol consumption and a sedentary job (public accountant), and obesity since age 30 presented to the endocrinology clinic due to failure to lose weight after 1 year of treatment with a nutritionist. During his first visit, the was asymptomatic and had acanthosis nigricans, his blood pressure was measured at 142/92 mmHg, weight was 100.8 kg, waist circumference was 128 cm, and serum glucose was at 280 mg/dL with an HbA1c of 11.9%. Further laboratory tests showed elevated levels of triglycerides (310 mg/dL), LDL (139 mg/dL), AST (96 U/L), and ALT (65 U/L). Two days later, glucose and HbA1c were repeated with similar results. A liver ultrasound was ordered which revealed diffuse hyperechogenicity of the liver and severe fatty liver disease. The ASCVD risk score was 5.4%. The patient was diagnosed with T2DM, obesity, mixed dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease. The patient received education, nutrition support, exercise, and pharmacotherapy management with stepped-dose oral semaglutide without metformin. The dose was increased monthly starting at 3 mg and reaching the target dose of 14 mg QD. After three months, the patient demonstrated significant improvements in various parameters such as blood pressure (−10/−8 mmHg), weight (−9.8 kg), waist circumference (−25 cm), serum glucose (−179 mg/dL), HbA1C (−5.7%), triglycerides (−154 mg/dL), LDL (−18 mg/dL), AST (−60 U/L), and ALT (−38 U/L), along with an increase in HDL (+6 mg/dL). After approximately 4 months on the target dose the patient showed further improvements in several parameters including ASCVD risk score (2.1%), blood pressure (−20/12 mmHg), weight (−14.8 kg), waist circumference (−30 cm), serum glucose (−183 mg/dL), HbA1C (−6%), LDL (−25 mg/dL), AST (−63 U/L), and ALT (−40 U/L), and HDL (+10 mg/dL), except for triglyceride levels (−130 mg/dL). Follow-up liver ultrasound showed significant improvement in fatty liver disease. Real-world experiences with newly introduced drugs should be reported, as they may have beneficial effects beyond the ones studied. Oral semaglutide, the first oral GLP-1 analog, has been shown to be non-inferior to other subcutaneous GLP-1 analogs. In this case, improvements were observed in glycemic control, weight loss, lipid levels, and a reduction in cardiovascular risk, as well as an improvement in fatty liver disease. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

THU391 A Case Of Unrecognized Hypoglycemia Due To Methadone Use In A Non-Diabetes Patient

Abstract Disclosure: D. Owais: None. J.R. Fredrick: None. Y. Jamal: None. S. Sajnani: None. Introduction: Methadone is a rare cause of insulin-mediated hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can be manifested as autonomic instability (palpitations and diaphoresis) and neuroglycopenia (agitation and altered mentation). We present the case of hypoglycemia in a non-diabetic patient with no renal insufficiency and who was on a high dose of Methadone. Case: A 76-year-old male with a medical history of HTN, CAD, CVA, dementia, chronic opioid use (on methadone 80 mg) initially presented two times to an outside hospital for intractable seizures. The diagnosis of seizure disorder was made and was discharged on valproate. Per his wife, he had a few low blood sugars during those hospitalizations. Within a month of discharge, he was admitted to another hospital for severe bradycardia and had undergone pacemaker implantation. He was then discharged to nursing home (NH). In the NH, the routine laboratory work showed a serum blood glucose of 42; however, it was interpreted as a lab error. The next day, he developed severe metabolic encephalopathy, intractable seizures and transferred to our hospital. On arrival, serum blood sugar was 59, corrected by 50% of dextrose. His physical examination was significant for a thin-built elderly male, lethargic but in no acute distress. The dose of antiseizure medication was adjusted. The Methadone 80 mg daily was resumed. He continued to have intermittent hypoglycemia to as low as 33 despite being on intravenous (IV) dextrose solutions. His symptoms used to improve temporarily after the correction of hypoglycemia. (Positive Whipple’s triad). Blood cultures and urine cultures were negative. Serum cortisol level, IGF -1, TSH levels, blood pressure, and electrolytes were within normal limits. The hypoglycemia workup performed in a fasting state (off IV dextrose) showed endogenous hyperinsulinism with insulin level &amp;gt;3, C-peptide level &amp;gt;0.2, beta-hydroxybutyrate level of &amp;lt;2.7, and negative sulfonylurea screen. CT scan and ultrasound of the abdomen were performed to rule out insulinoma; however, it demonstrated complete atrophy of the pancreas. Therefore, a high dose of methadone was assumed to cause hypoglycemia, as the patient had no hypoglycemic episodes when he could not receive two doses of methadone due to encephalopathy. The trough levels of methadone in the blood were high at 650 ng/dl. Methadone dose was tapered to 60 mg daily. He was also started on octreotide to manage his hypoglycemia. However, the patient developed severe pneumonia, and family opted for hospice. Conclusion: Our case is unique as the patient was developing severe signs of hypoglycemia, including bradycardia and seizures, and treated with a pacemaker and antiseizure medications. His Methadone-induced hypoglycemia was identified late as the cause of his symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize this side effect of Methadone in differentials in a patient with hypoglycemia. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

THU373 Refractory Hypoglycemia In A Patient With Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Abstract

Abstract Disclosure: M.G. Fernandez: None. D.J. Selen: None. Background: Nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia is an uncommon but severe complication of cancer. It results from tumoral overproduction of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), which inhibits hepatic glycogenolysis and the release of glucagon and growth hormone (GH). These three mechanisms can result in severe and refractory hypoglycemia. Clinical Case: We present a case of a 57-year-old female newly diagnosed with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma who was admitted to the hospital after an episode of syncope at home in the setting of hypoglycemia with a serum blood glucose of 17 mg/dL (N &amp;gt;60 mg/dL). During the hospital admission, evaluation of hypoglycemia included a normal TSH of 1.170 (reference range [RR] 0.3-5.5 mIU/ml), fasting morning cortisol of 23.3 (RR &amp;gt;14-15 μg/dL), and a negative sulfonylurea screen. In addition, the patient had an undetectable level of Insulin &amp;lt;3.0 (RR 3-25 mU/L), Beta-hydroxybutyrate &amp;lt;0.10 (RR 0.02-0.27 mMol/L), C-peptide &amp;lt;0.1 (RR 0.5-3.3 ng/ml), and Pro-insulin &amp;lt;1.6 (RR 3-20 pmol/L). CT of the abdomen revealed disease progression with innumerable bilateral enhanced hypoattenuating masses in the liver. Management for refractory hypoglycemia required nutrition optimization, nausea control, close glucose monitoring, IV dextrose infusion, and intermittent intravenous glucagon for episodes of severe hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;40 mg/dL). During the hospitalization, the patient received the first cycle of chemotherapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and dexamethasone. On day 10 of admission, the IGF-2 resulted at 120 ng/ml (RR 180-580ng/ml) and IGF-1&amp;lt;10 (RR 50-317 ng/ml) with an IGF-2/IGF-1 ratio greater than 100 (cut off&amp;gt;10), diagnostic of a large nonislet cell tumor as the most likely cause of her severe hypoglycemia. Artificial nutrition did not align with this patient’s goals of care, so she was discharged from the hospital with a FreeStyle Libre 2 for continuous glucose monitoring. However, two weeks later, she returned to the emergency department with hypoglycemia (&amp;lt;40 mg/dL), ultimately choosing to pursue hospice. Conclusion: Patients with large liver tumor burden can experience hypoglycemia due to low glycogen content in the liver. In addition, these patients can have decreased oral intake and weight loss, which confounds the clinical scenario and can delay diagnostic workup. Patients with refractory hypoglycemia and nonislet cell tumors require further evaluation for IGF-2 production, and alternative temporary nutritional options should be discussed with the patient immediately. Therapeutic options depend on the ability to treat underlying cancer. Palliative chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation can be considered to control the tumor and improve hypoglycemia for quality of life when the cancer is otherwise untreatable. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Physiological role of dietary energy in the sexual maturity: clues of body size, gonad development, and serum biochemical parameters of Chinese indigenous chicken

Sexual maturity is a crucial factor in the formation and development of poultry reproductive capacity. The nutritional status has been confirmed to play an important role in the regulation of sexual maturity. To investigate the effect of dietary energy levels on sexual maturity in chicken, diets with 3 energy levels (group L: 2,573 kcal/kg, group C: 2,836 kcal/kg, group H: 3,122 kcal/kg) were implemented to feed Guangyuan Gray chickens. During this trial, body weight, body size, organ development, sexual maturity, reproductive performance and blood biochemical parameters were monitored. The earlier sexual maturity was observed in group H, as well as a heavier first egg weight, larger interpubic distance and higher total cholesterol (T-CHO) content at sexual maturity. The dietary energy levels had no significant effect on body weight at first egg and egg production at 300 d of age. Although dietary energy levels had a significant effect on body weight, comb length, tibia length and girth, abdominal fat weight, oviduct weight and length, T-CHO, triglyceride (TG) content and estradiol (E2) level during the rearing period. No significant difference of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) level among 3 groups was observed during the trial. The dietary energy levels had effects on mRNA expression of GnRH, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in hypothalamus, gonadotropin inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR) in pituitary and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), ESR2 in ovary. The GnIHR/GnRHR ratio in pituitary was higher before sexual maturity and decreased at sexual maturity. The results of correlations analysis found that all the body size, carcass traits, serum biochemical parameters negatively correlated with age at first egg except for interpubic distance and serum blood glucose content. Collectively, dietary energy levels had effects on sexual maturity of chicken, which may be achieved by affecting body weight, gonad development, endocrine and the mRNA expression of genes related to hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis. These results further set our understanding of how dietary energy regulates sexual maturity.

Anthropometric Measures of Adiposity as Markers of Kidney Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The present study was designed to provide information on the ability of several different anthropometric markers to reflect the renal impairment associated with body weight increase and to predict the development of renal alterations linked to overweight and obesity. In 574 subjects representative of the general population of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, with an age range between 57 and 73 years, we investigated the association between different anthropometric markers of body fat, as alternative to body mass index, and renal failure, to obtain information useful for determining their potential predictive value. Renal dysfunction was significantly associated with almost all anthropometric markers of adiposity related to body weight and body shape. After adjustment for confounders, such as age, sex, office blood pressure, serum glucose, antihypertensive drugs and smoking habit, association remained significant only for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI). These 3 markers also displayed at the receiver operating curves (ROC) analysis the best ability to detect subjects with or without kidney dysfunction. The results of the present study provide evidence that WHR, LAP and VAI represent the best markers of renal dysfunction associated with visceral body fat accumulation.

Synthesis of unique three-dimensional CoMn2O4@Ni(OH)2 nanocages via Kirkendall effect for non-enzymatic glucose sensing

Transition metal oxides / hydroxides, which have the advantages of wide distribution, low price, low toxicity, and stable chemical properties, have attracted much attention from researchers. Therefore, this work reports the construction of the unique CoMn2O4 nanocages assisted by the Kirkendall effect, and worm-like Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were grown on the surface via hydrothermal method, the final product CoMn2O4@Ni(OH)2 nanocages were applied to construct efficient and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing. The stable three-dimensional hollow CoMn2O4 nanocages structure, not only can provide a wider specific surface area and more abundant active sites, its porous structure also can effectively inhibit the aggregation of nanoparticles, increase the ion diffusion path, shorten the electron transport distance, and improve the electrical conductivity. Loading Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles on the CoMn2O4 nanocages can increase catalytic sites, and further strengthen the electrocatalytic performance. Due to the good synergistic effect between CoMn2O4 and Ni(OH)2, CoMn2O4@Ni(OH)2 nanocages electrochemical sensor can achieve sensitive and rapid detection of trace glucose, with excellent linear range (8.5–1830.5 μM), low limit of detection (0.264 μM), high sensitivity of 0.00646 μA mM−1 cm−2, and outstanding repeatability. More importantly, the sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of blood glucose in human serum with good recoveries (95.64–104.3 %). This work provides a novel scheme for blood glucose detection and expands the application of transition metal oxides / hydroxides in the field of electrochemical sensing.

Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Level Is Positively Associated with Aortic Stiffness Measured by Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker that is effective in predicting major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Age-related vascular problems are significantly affected by aortic stiffness (AS), which is independently linked to CV morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the association between serum TMAO levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) therapy. In total, 115 patients with HD were enrolled in this study. The AS group included patients whose cfPWV was >10 m/s. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, the levels of serum TMAO were measured. The AS group included 42 (36.5%) patients, and compared with the non-AS group, the rates of diabetes, hypertension, older age, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose, and TMAO levels were high. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum TMAO and age were independently linked with AS after correcting for the factors significantly associated with AS. Following multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis, serum TMAO in these individuals was found to be strongly correlated with cfPWV values (p < 0.001). In patients on chronic HD, serum TMAO level is an independent measure of AS and strongly correlated with cfPWV.

The effect of Cocoa Fruits (Theobroma cacao L.) extracts on serum blood glucose levels in white rats (Rattusnovergicus)

Checking blood glucose levels supports healthy lifestyle and pattern changes to avoid foods that contain high glucose, which can increase blood glucose levels. This study aims to analyze the administration of cocoa pod extract (Theobroma cacao L.) to describe serum blood glucose levels in white rats (Rattusnovergicus). This study used an RCT (randomized controlled trial) design involving five groups of cocoa pod extract samples through an evaporation process using a rotary vacuum evaporator after going through the maceration process for 3 x 24 hours divided into three concentrations of 50 mg/Kg body wt, 100 mg/Kg body wt, 150 mg/Kg body wt. Furthermore, serum blood glucose levels will be measured on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after administration of metformin and waste extract of cocoa pod shell (Theobroma cacao L.). Analysis of the research data used a paired t-test. The results showed that the average fasting blood glucose levels of K1 rats (Mus musculus) to the average fasting glucose levels in K2, K3, K4, and K5, respectively, were as follows: 0.037 (p &lt;0.05); 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05); 0.028 (p &lt; 0.05); and 0.015 (p &lt;0.05). This shows that the average fasting blood glucose level is significantly different (p &lt;0.05). The average fasting blood glucose levels of K2 (metformin group) to the average glucose levels in K3 (extract group 50 mg/kg body wt), K4 (extract group 100 mg/kg body wt), and K5 (extract group 150 mg/kg body wt) respectively are as follows: 0.157 (p &gt; 0.05); 1.000 (p &gt; 0.05); and 0.995 (p &gt; 0.05). This shows that the average blood glucose levels between K2, K3, K4, and K5 did not differ significantly (p &lt;0.05) after measuring cocoa pod extract for two days. Based on the results of data analysis from this experimental study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving cocoa pod extract (Theobroma cacao L.) on fasting blood glucose levels of mice (Mus musculus) with type 2 diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolemia model. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Cacao; Blood Glucose; Rats

Zirconium copper oxide microflowers based non-enzymatic screen-printed electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose in saliva, urine, and blood serum.

Zirconium copper oxide microflowers (Zr/CuO MF) based non-enzymatic sensor was developed for glucose detection in saliva, urine, and blood. An easy urea hydrolysis method was employed for the synthesis of the metal oxide and further calcined to improve the catalytic property. The flower-like morphology of the Zr/CuO was confirmed by SEM analysis and the presence of copper and zirconium was examined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The Zr/CuO MF modified screen-printed electrodes exhibited excellent glucose sensing performance in 0.15M NaOH medium and could quantify glucose in the range from 10µM to 27mM. A high sensitivity of 1.815 ± 0.003mAmM-1cm-2 was obtained for lower glucose concentration from 15µM to 3mM and 1.250 ± 0.006mAmM-1cm-2 for higher concentration glucose from 3 to 27mM. The limit of detection of the fabricated sensor was found to be 0.8µM. The sensor displayed high selectivity and stability towards glucose in different body fluids like saliva, urine, and blood serum at a working potential of 0.6V (vs. Ag/AgCl). In saliva, urine, and serum samples, the sensor exhibited excellent recovery of 95-108, 92-108, and 93-101% in saliva, urine, and serum, respectively, with a relative standard deviation of less than 10%, demonstrating high accuracy and reliability of the sensor. The developed sensor is promising for developing an invasive and non-invasive point-of-care testing device for glucose detection.

Flexible Specific Determination of Glucose in Solution, Blood Serum, and Sweat Using a Terahertz Hydrogel‐Functionalized Metamaterial

Terahertz metamaterials have shown promises in biomolecules detection, however, aqueous solvents such as blood serum strongly absorb the terahertz waves, interfering with the detection. To avoid such interference, an ultrathin, flexible, biogel‐based metamaterial that can specifically detect the transmission of terahertz waves through biomolecules in aqueous solution is proposed and demonstrated. The glucose in water can be detected with a sensitivity of 0.0446 dL mg−1 and a detection limit of 1.64 mg dL−1, as well as glucose in human serum. The metamaterial that detects glucose in human sweat is part of a wearable device. The biosensor functions well for more than 100 detection cycles. The results suggest a strategy for real‐time detection of glucose and potentially other biomolecules.

Effects of the menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation after low-volume high-intensity interval training.

Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for weight loss has become prevalent in recent years, with increased excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) as the mechanism. However, the influence of the menstrual cycle on EPOC and fat oxidation following low-volume HIIT is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on the increase in EPOC and fat oxidation after low-volume HIIT. Twelve eumenorrheic women participated during their early follicular and luteal phases. On each experimental day, they performed low-volume HIIT comprising fifteen repeated 8 s sprint cycling tests with 12 s rests, for 5 min. Expired gas samples were collected before and every 60 min until 180 min post-exercise. EPOC was defined as the increase in oxygen consumption from the resting state, and the total EPOC and fat oxidation were calculated from the total time of each measurement. Blood samples for serum estradiol, progesterone, free fatty acids, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma noradrenaline were collected and assessed before immediately after, and at 180 min post-exercise and were assessed. Serum estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase (P<0.01 for both). No significant differences in total EPOC and fat oxidation were found between the menstrual phases. Serum free fatty acid, blood glucose, lactate, and plasma noradrenaline concentrations were not affected by the menstrual cycle. These results suggest that the menstrual cycle does not affect the increase in EPOC or fat oxidation after low-volume HIIT.

Effects of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) Powder Inclusion into Quail Diets on Animal Performance, Carcass Traits, Intestinal Microflora and Serum Parameters

This study was carried out to determine the effects of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) powder inclusion into quail diets on live weight, live weight change, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits, intestinal microflora and serum biochemical parameters of the animals. Dietary reishi mushroom (RM) addition did not influence live weight changes of the treatment groups (P&gt; 0.05). Weekly and overall feed consumptions of the treatment groups were not influenced by RM supplementations (P&gt; 0.05). There were not any significant differences in feed conversion ratios of the treatment groups (P&gt;0.05). Dietary RM inclusion did not affect the overall carcass parameters (P&gt; 0.05). The differences in intestinal bacteria populations of the treatment groups were not found to be significant (P&gt; 0.05). Also, there were not any significant differences in blood serum total cholesterol, glucose, total protein and triglyceride levels of the treatment groups (P&gt; 0.05). It was concluded that dietary RM inclusion into animal diets had a little effect on performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail. But there were slight improvements in some parameters due to antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of reishi mushroom. Further research is recommended to be conducted with greater ratios of dietary RM and with different poultry species.

Effects of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) supplementation into quail diets on performance, blood serum parameters and intestine microbial populations

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) (SM) supplementations into quail diets on live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood serum biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride, glucose) and intestine bacteria populations. A total of 120 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used in present experiments. Quail were separated into 4 groups (control and 3 treatment groups). Control group was fed with a basic ration and treatments groups were fed with 0.5, 1 and 2% shiitake mushroom-supplemented diets. Shiitake mushroom supplementations significantly influenced live weights (P&lt;0.05). Differences in live weight gains, feed consumptions, feed conversion ratios, blood serum parameters and intestine bacteria populations of the treatment groups were not found to be significant (P&gt;0.05). SM supplementations influenced live weight gains and feed conversion ratios in the 4th week of the experiments (P&gt;0.05). SM supplementations also influenced blood serum glucose levels (P&lt;0.05).

Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress induced by metabolic disorders in the male reproductive system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent models.

Male infertility is a multifaceted issue that has gained scientific interest due to its increasing rate. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in male infertility development. Furthermore, metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, are risk factors for male infertility, and oxidative stress is believed to contribute to this association. Melatonin, functioning as an oxidative scavenger, may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorder-associated male infertility. We systematically searched three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for studies that evaluated the effects of melatonin therapy on metabolic disorders-induce infertility in male rodents. The favorable outcomes were histopathological parameters of testicular tissue, reproductive hormones, and markers of oxidative stress. Then, meta-analyses were done for each outcome. The results are reported as standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) and 95% confidence interval. 24 studies with 31 outcomes were included. Rats and mice were the subjects. Studies have employed obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and food deprivation as metabolic disorders. To induce these disorders, a high-fat diet, high-fructose diet, leptin, streptozotocin, alloxan, carbimazole, and levothyroxine were used. The outcomes included histopathologic characteristics (abnormal sperm morphology, apoptotic cells, apoptotic index, Johnsen's testicular biopsy score, seminiferous epithelial height, tubular basement membrane thickness, tubular diameter, sperm count, and motility), weight-related measurements (absolute epididymis, testis, and body weight, body weight gain, epididymal adipose tissue weight, and relative testis to body weight), hormonal characteristics (androgen receptor expression, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone level), markers of oxidative stress (tissue and serum GPx and MDA activity, tissue CAT, GSH, and SOD activity), and exploratory outcomes (serum HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood glucose level). The overall pooled effect sizes were statistically significant for all histopathological characteristics and some markers of oxidative stress. Melatonin can reduce damage to male rodents' gonadal tissue and improve sperm count, motility, and morphology in metabolic diseases. Future clinical studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of melatonin for male infertility in patients with metabolic diseases.

Correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in critically ill patients

BackgroundAltered levels of some blood markers might be linked with the degree of severity and mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to find out if there are correlations between serum leptin levels and classical biomarkers. Materials and methodsWe present a single-center observational cohort study on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The study was conducted at Infectious Diseases Clinic of Academic Emergency Hospital Sibiu, from May through November 2020. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 54 patients, all with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. ResultsOur results revealed that there is a negative correlation between serum leptin and Interleukin-6 levels and a positive correlation between serum leptin and blood glucose levels. A positive correlation between ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels was also observed.No correlation was found between leptin and other biomarkers such as ferritin, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or D-dimer. ConclusionsFurther studies need to be conducted to investigate the role of leptin in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of this research could contribute to the introduction of the determination of serum leptin levels in the routine evaluation of patients with critical illness.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) inflorescence sap-derived sugar restores the glucose and lipid homeostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat model

Introduction and Aim: Coconut palm sugar (CPS) is a functional food comprising unique phytonutrients such as polyphenolics, minerals, inulin, etc., and has a low glycemic index (GI). Based on its distinctive biochemical composition, it was hypothesized that CPS would provide a glucose homeostatic effect. We investigated the effects of CPS oral administration in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Materials and Methods: Diabetic Wistar rats were administered with different doses of CPS (200,400 and 800 mg/Kg body weight) and standard gliclazide (5 mg/Kg b.w.) for 28 days. Biochemical estimations for fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and antioxidant status were performed. Results: Treatment with CPS significantly (P 0.001) decreased the plasma glucose levels at 120 min after glucose load. Serum blood glucose, hepatic enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP)), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were also decreased. However, levels of total serum protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased in a significant manner. Pancreatic enzymatic antioxidant levels were restored, and lipid peroxidation was decreased by CPS. Conclusion: CPS showed quite a few health benefits in diabetic rats by bringing back the glucose and lipid homeostasis to normal and yielded favorable outcomes in case of oxidative stress.