Serum Blood Glucose Research Articles

INTRA-ABDOMINAL MULTI-ORGANS INFARCTION IN 73-YEARS OLD FEMALE PATIENT WITH HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Objective: Unexpected clinical course Background: In hypertensive crisis patients, intestinal ischemia has been reported, while gastric ischemia is rare due to its multiple blood supply. A hypertensive crisis is classified according to the progression of end-organ failure, which includes cerebral, cardiac, and renal insults. Case Presentation: A 73-year-old female patient with uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with dyspnea and fatigue. Her blood pressure was 248/157 mmHg and her serum blood glucose was 301 mg/dl. In the emergency room, she received antihypertensive treatment and was admitted to the intensive care unit to be monitored. 48 hours later, she developed nausea, vomiting, constipation and severe abdominal pain. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed infarction patches in the left renal and the spleen while the first colonoscopy was irrelevant. The second colonoscopy revealed left colonic and sigmoid necrosis. Finally, she underwent exploratory laparotomy that identified ischemic necrosis of the greater curvature of the stomach, multiple levels of the small intestine, sigmoid and descending colon. Partial gastrectomy, left colonic resection, sigmoidectomy, and colostomy were done. Conclusion: This case illustrates the unusual site of ischemia in an uncontrolled hypertensive patient, as well as the difficulty of managing the patient and the adverse outcome. In order to rule out intra-abdominal organ involvement, any patient who develops abdominal pain in the course of hypertensive emergency should be evaluated for surgical consultation and contrast-enhanced CT.

Assessment of Antidiabetic and Cyto-Regenerative Activity of Ficus carica through Gene Expression Analysis in Diabetic Rat Model

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease of the endocrine system, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or defective insulin production. Among the complementary and alternative medicines, diet-based approaches are gaining popularity worldwide for the management of it. Ficus carica, one of the oldest plants cultivated on the earth, is rich in phytochemicals including anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, and organic acids. The present study was designed to analyze the therapeutic potential of dried fig and extract for their potential against hyperglycemia and related complication in the diabetic rat model. Diabetes was induced by using alloxan monohydrate and divided into five groups including Negative-, Positive-, standard drug- group, treated-I (given extract), and treated-II (given 10% dried figs). Fig extract was administered through the intragastric tube, and fig paste was mixed in the feed of the experimental group, and then rats were decapitated after 6 weeks to collect the blood and serum. At the end of the study, biochemical analysis such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum glucose, and insulin was performed. Histopathological study of the pancreas showed cell deformation in the positive control group whereas damage was reversed in treated groups. The pancreas was also saved for gene expression analysis. The results revealed that the positive control group has lower expression of INS-1, INS-2, Pdx-1, amylin, and GLUT-2 genes. Results revealed that serum glucose and FBG started to normalize after the administration of treatment (Glibenclamide, dry fig, and fig fruit extract), and insulin concentration also started to improve. 10% dried fig was more effective to control hyperglycemic conditions, which might be due to the presence of fiber. However, the gene expression was more modulated in the group treated with fig extract. The findings of current research suggested the utilization of fig and fig-based products because of their potential to reverse the damage induced by the alloxan or stressors of daily life.

The potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of systemic right ventricular failure in adults with congenital heart disease.

Given the compelling evidence on the effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in the conventional heart failure population, SGLT2i deserve exploration in systemic right ventricular (sRV) failure. The initial experience with dapagliflozin in sRV failure patients is described, with a focus on tolerability and short-term effects on clinical outcomes. Ten patients (70% female, median age 50 years [46.5-52]) with symptomatic sRV failure who received dapagliflozin 10 mg per day on top of optimal medical therapy between 04-2021 and 01-2023 were included. Within 4 weeks, no significant changes in blood pressure, electrolytes, or serum glucose occurred. Creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed a slight decline (88 ± 17 to 97 ± 23 µmol/L, p = 0.036, and 72 ± 14 vs. 66 ± 16 ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.020, respectively). At 6 months follow-up (n = 8), median NT-proBNP decreased significantly from 736.6 [589.3-1193.3] to 531.6 [400.8-1018] ng/L (p = 0.012). Creatinine and eGFR recovered to baseline levels. There were no significant changes in echocardiographic systolic sRV or left ventricular function. New York Heart Association class improved significantly in 4 out of 8 patients (p = 0.046), who also showed an improvement in the 6-minute walk test or bicycle exercise test performance. One female patient developed an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. No patients discontinued treatment. Dapagliflozin was well-tolerated in this small cohort of sRV failure patients. While the early results on the reduction of NT-proBNP and clinical outcome parameters are encouraging, large-scale prospective studies are warranted to thoroughly evaluate the effects of SGLT2i in the growing sRV failure population.

Hyperglycemia, Ischemic Lesions, and Functional Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background Ischemic lesions observed on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging are associated with poor outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated the association between hyperglycemia, ischemic lesions, and functional outcomes after ICH. Methods and Results This was a retrospective observational analysis of 1167 patients who received magnetic resonance imaging in the ERICH (Ethnic and Racial Variations in Intracerebral Hemorrhage) study. A machine learning strategy using the elastic net regularization and selection procedure was used to perform automated variable selection to identify final multivariable logistic regression models. Sensitivity analyses with alternative model development strategies were performed, and predictive performance was compared. After covariate adjustment, white matter hyperintensity score, leukocyte count on admission, and non-Hispanic Black race (compared with non-Hispanic White race) were associated with the presence of DWI lesions. History of ICH and ischemic stroke, presence of DWI lesions, deep ICH location (versus lobar), ICH volume, age, lower Glasgow Coma Score on admission, and medical history of diabetes were associated with poor 6-month modified Rankin Scale outcome (4-6) after covariate adjustment. Inclusion of interactions between race and ethnicity and variables included in the final multivariable model for functional outcome improved model performance; a significant interaction between race and ethnicity and medical history of diabetes and serum blood glucose on admission was observed. Conclusions No measure of hyperglycemia or diabetes was associated with presence of DWI lesions. However, both medical history of diabetes and presence of DWI lesions were independently associated with poor functional outcomes after ICH.

Electrochemical sensors based on modified track–etched membrane for non-enzymatic glucose determination

In this research, a non-enzymatic sensor for electrochemical glucose detection based on modified poly(ethyleneterephthalate) track-etched membrane (PET TeMs) was firstly reported in the field of sensing of organic substances. The electrochemical sensors were obtained by photograft polymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and further formation of a polyelectrolyte complex with poly(allylamine) (PAlAm). 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid was functionalized on the surface of PET TeMs via Au-S bond and –OH group of polymerized HEMA to recognize glucose by formation of cyclic boronic ester. The modified PET TeMs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, gas permeability test, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis. Optimal parameters for graft polymerization, such as monomer concentration, polymerization time and distance from the UV-lamp were found. Electrochemical determination of glucose was done by square wave voltammetry. The non-enzymatic sensors for glucose detection showed a good linear relationship between the area under the oxidation peak and glucose concentration in the range from 0.1 mM to 8 mM with a low detection limit of 0.1 mM (R2 = 0.999). In addition, the sensors showed excellent reproducibility, repeatability and good selectivity for metal ions and ascorbic acid. The determination of glucose in apple juice and human blood serum demonstrated that the obtained sensors can be used in real samples with sufficient reproducibility of results.

1493-P: Immune-Mediated Diabetes Mellitus—A Rare Complication of Nivolumab Therapy

Background: Immune mediated diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, with an incidence of less than 1%. We present a case of immune-mediated DM with nivolumab therapy presenting as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Case: A 74-year-old Caucasian male with no history of DM or autoimmune disease was diagnosed with stage III metastatic melanoma and started on treatment with nivolumab, an ICI. He tolerated treatment well and had no evidence of endocrine dysfunction on routine laboratory monitoring. Shortly after completing his 14th cycle of nivolumab therapy, he presented to the emergency department with a one-week history of fatigue, poor appetite, polydipsia, and polyuria. He was found to have DKA with serum blood glucose 446 mg/dL, anion gap 20 mEq/L, serum bicarbonate 14 mEq/L, arterial pH 7.23, and 4+ urine ketones. His hemoglobin A1c was 7.3%, increased from 5.4% one year earlier. He was treated with intravenous insulin then transitioned to basal-bolus subcutaneous insulin therapy, which was continued at discharge. Evaluation in the outpatient setting revealed no measurable GAD65 antibodies or anti-insulin antibodies, but his serum c-peptide was found to be <0.10 ng/mL with corresponding serum blood glucose level 214 mg/dl. This supported a diagnosis of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, in his case likely immune mediated due to nivolumab therapy. He completed an additional 6 cycles of nivolumab with no further complications. Meanwhile his DM became well-controlled with subcutaneous insulin injections, and he was eventually transitioned to insulin pump therapy. Discussion: ICIs such as nivolumab are known to cause multiple autoimmune complications that can appear at any point during treatment. The underlying mechanisms of beta cell immunotoxicity are incompletely understood, but progression to insulin-dependency appears to be rapid. It is important to recognize new or worsening DM early to avoid life-threatening complications such as DKA. Disclosure S.M.Iqbal: None. C.Houston: None.

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ethanolic Extract of Phyllanthus niruri on Wistar Rats

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from either the deficiency in insulin secretion or the action of insulin Diabetes can affect numerous different organ systems in the body and, over time, can lead to serious complications. Complications are microvascular or macrovascular. To evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of Phyllanthus niruri silver nano-particles. Streptozotocin (STZ) of 50mg/kg is used to induce diabetes in wistar rats. The wistar rats were distributed to six different groups. Group-I represented as Control; Group-II represented as diabetic control (STZ ); Group-III represented as 5 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide + diabetes; Group-IV represented as phyllanthus niruri extract + diabetes; Group-V represented as 100 µg Phyllanthus niruri silver nanoparticles + diabetes; group-6- Phyllanthus niruri silver nanoparticles150µg + diabetes. The silver nanoparticles were inspected for the morphological and optical properties investigated using UV spectrophotometer, SEM and FT-IR techniques. The AgNPs has shown characteristic peak at 428nm.The study revealed that the AgNPs treatment reduced serum blood glucose concentrations remarkable improvement in the body weight, Abnormal high serum levels in diabetes treatment with AgNp’s they reached to normal in STZ-challenged diabetic rats. The histo-pathological alterations were also studied in all the experimental animals. The pathology results revealed that the AgNPs treatment induces the regeneration of islets cells of pancreas in the experimental rats. The research study proved that the Phyllanthus niruri AgNPs exerts anti-diabetic properties.
 Keywords: Diabetes, STZ, Phyllanthus niruri, silver nanoparticles

#3829 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME INDICES IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Although renal transplantation improves survival, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still remain as a significant problem compared with nonrenal populations. In end stage renal disease metabolic cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperuricemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus have been confirmed to be positively correlated with arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an important characteristic of the arterial wall and can be assessed noninvasively by the measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWv). The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for arterial stiffness in kidney transplant recipients. Method One hundred and forty nine kidney transplant recipients from our renal transplant outpatient clinic were enrolled into the study. All patients were evaluated for their standard clinical (age, gender, duration of hemodialysis, post-transplant time), biochemical parameters. Anthropometric and body composition analyses were performed for all patients. Body compositions were analyzed by using the Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita BC- 420MA). PWv was determined from pressure tracing over carotid and femoral arteries using the SphygmoCor system. Results Patients were divided into two groups according to PWv levels. The frequency of patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s was higher in patients with new onset diabetes (55.9%), hyperuricemia (uric acid level type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical" type="Periodical"> 7 mg/dl) (p:0.029, 0.05). Higher carotid-femoral PWv was significantly related with systolic (p:0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p:0.002), uric acid (p:0.0001) and fasting glucose (p: 0.02) levels. According to body composition analyses, muscle mass, visceral fat ratio and body weight were significantly higher in patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s (p < 0.005). In patients with high PWv, sagittal abdominal diameters and waist circumferences were significantly higher than patients with PWv < 7 m/s. When criteria for metabolic syndrome were assessed there were a significant increase in pulse wave velocity in patients with 0-1; 2-3; and 4-5criteria (p < 0.01). Conclusion In post transplantation period, metabolic syndrome indices as high blood pressure, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and increased waist and hip circumferences are closely related with arterial stiffness. For cardiovascular risk reduction after renal transplantation; blood pressure, serum glucose and uric acid levels should be under strict control.

Effect of dihydroquercetin on the toxic properties of nickel nanoparticles

Dihydroquercetin (3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxy-flavanone) is known for its powerful antioxidant, organ-protective, and antiinflammatory activities that can be applied to heavy-metal intoxication. The present research objective was to evaluate the possible protective potential of dietary dihydroquercetin in a rat model of subacute (92 days) intoxication with nickel nanoparticles.
 The experiment involved five groups of twelve male Wistar rats in each. Group 1 served as control. Other groups received nickel nanoparticles as part of their diet. Groups 2 and 4 received nickel nanoparticles with an average diameter of 53.7 nm (NiNP1), while groups 3 and 5 were fed with nanoparticles with an average diameter of 70.9 nm (NiNP2). The dose was calculated as 10 mg/kg b.w. Groups 4 and 5 also received 23 mg/kg b.w. of water-soluble stabilized dihydroquercetin with drinking water. 
 After the dihydroquercetin treatment, the group that consumed 53.7 nm nickel nanoparticles demonstrated lower blood serum glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine. Dihydroquercetin prevented the increase in total protein and albumin fraction associated with nickel nanoparticles intake. The experimental rats also demonstrated lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17A, as well as a lower relative spleen weight after the treatment. In the group exposed to 53.7 nm nickel nanoparticles, the dihydroquercetin treatment increased the ratio of cytokines IL-10/IL-17A and decreased the level of circulating FABP2 protein, which is a biomarker of increased intestinal barrier permeability. In the group that received 70.9 nm nickel nanoparticles, the dihydroquercetin treatment inhibited the expression of the fibrogenic Timp3 gene in the liver. In the group that received 53.7 nm nickel nanoparticles, dihydroquercetin partially improved the violated morphology indexes in liver and kidney tissue. However, dihydroquercetin restored neither the content of reduced glutathione in the liver nor the indicators of selenium safety, which were suppressed under the effect of nickel nanoparticles. Moreover, the treatment failed to restore the low locomotor activity in the elevated plus maze test.
 Dihydroquercetin treatment showed some signs of detoxication and anti-inflammation in rats subjected to nickel nanoparticles. However, additional preclinical studies are necessary to substantiate its prophylactic potential in cases of exposure to nanoparticles of nickel and other heavy metals.

SERUM PARATHORMONE, VITAMIN D AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of serum 25-OHD and PTH concentrations with blood pressure and hypertension mediated target organ damage including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Design and method: This observational retrospective study included 98 patients admitted at Hypertension Research Center of Federico II University Hospital in Naples without CKD. We collected serum 25-OHD, PTH, creatinine, BMI, lipid profile, blood glucose and office blood pressure. All patients underwent carotid doppler ultrasound and echocardiography. Results: Mean age of the participants was 53±17 years and 69% were men. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that PTH levels correlated directly with age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting glucose, on statin therapy, left ventricular mass and inversely with the GFR, total cholesterol, LDL and vit D level. Vit. D levels correlated inversely with PTH, diabetes and carotid plaque. Multivariate regression models indicated that PTH was significantly associated with higher fasting glucose and with vit D while Vit D was associated with lower GFR and PTH level. Conclusions: In a population at high cardiovascular risk, Vit. D and PTH are not directly associated with hypertension but might influence association with other cardiovascular risk factors and markers.

Preoperative lignocaine nebulisation for attenuation of the pressor response of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients with severe preeclampsia undergoing caesarean section delivery: A randomised double-blind controlled trial.

Following induction of general anaesthesia, direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation usually cause tachycardia and hypertension due to increased sympathetic activity. This response is generally exaggerated in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative lignocaine nebulisation in attenuating the pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in patients with severe preeclampsia undergoing caesarean delivery. After ethical approval, we conducted this randomised, double-blind study, which included 110 patients with severe preeclampsia who underwent caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia. These patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either preoperative nebulisation of lignocaine 2% in a dose of 4.5 mg/kg (not exceeding 400 mg) in the lignocaine group or nebulisation of an equivalent volume of 0.9% NaCl in the saline group. The primary objective was the systolic blood pressure after tracheal intubation. The secondary objectives included heart rate, maternal serum cortisol and blood glucose levels, grade of cough during emergence, postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice, neonatal Apgar score and umbilical blood gas. The systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the lignocaine group compared to the saline group at 1, 3 and 5 min after endotracheal intubation and after delivery of the foetus (P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.002 and 0.019, respectively). Similarly, the heart rate was significantly lower in the lignocaine group versus saline group at 1 and 3 min after endotracheal intubation (P = 0.041 and 0.042, respectively). Preoperative lignocaine nebulisation in a dose of 4.5 mg/kg effectively attenuated the pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in patients with severe preeclampsia undergoing caesarean delivery.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF DIABETIC KETO ACIDOSIS INDIVIDUALS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common acute hyperglycemic condition related to diabetes. Recent investigations suggest that DKA affects approximately 8 out of every 1,000 diabetics annually. Objective: This study aims to determine the clinical features of individuals with severe DKA admitted to ICU. Study Design: A retrospective analysis. Setting: The study was conducted at Bahria International Hospital Lahore and Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Duration of Study: The study period was from Oct 01, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Methods: Data from patients' health records were retrospectively analysed, including demographics, clinical manifestations (fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, breathlessness, altered sensorium, low blood pressure), and triggering factors (insulin discontinuation, septicemia). Hospital stay duration, mortality rate, and usage of mechanical ventilation were also documented. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 26 (86.6%) were males. The most prevalent complaint was abdominal discomfort, observed in 86.6% of the study population. Vomiting was present in 93.3% of the individuals. Only 8 (26.6%) patients were newly diagnosed with diabetes, while the remainder were known type 1 diabetics on insulin treatment. The mean HbA1c was 10.2%, ranging from 8.7% to 12.6%. Serum blood glucose, bicarbonate levels, and anion gap were independently associated with clinical indicators of severe DKA. A correlation was found between DKA indicators and the requirement for mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: The majority of individuals with severe DKA admitted to our ICU experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, with noncompliance to insulin treatment being the primary cause of DKA.

CoNi–MOF–Graphene Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Electrocatalytic Detection of Glucose and the Efficient Removal of Organic Dyes

The design of a nanocomposite with electrocatalytic activity and recyclable development for the detection of small biomolecules and the removal of environmental pollutants has received enormous attention. A magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized by the hydrothermal approach comprising two building units: metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene (GR). GR accumulated organic ligands through the large specific surface area and cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) served as coordination ions to seamlessly connect with the former for forming CoNi–MOFs–GR (CNMs–GR) to improve the conductivity of MOFs and the electrocatalytic activity of GR. The nanocomposite was utilized to construct an electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of glucose in human blood serum and the removal of organic dyes (methylene blue (MB), congo red (CR), and neutral red (NR)) in water. The CNMs–GR-modified electrode exhibited good electrochemical performance toward glucose in a wide linear range of 10–2900 μM with a detection limit of 1.27 μM. The maximum uptake capacity of CNMs–GR for MB, CR, and NR was 184.29, 912.47, and 894.36 mg/g, respectively. Most obviously, this work provided a strategy for the design of an effective bifunctional nanocomposite, which not only demonstrated the enormous potential for detection of glucose but also realized the removal of organic dyes.

Establishment and validation of a clinical nomogram model based on serum YKL-40 to predict major adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of a clinical nomogram model based on serum YKL-40 for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this study, 295 STEMI patients from October 2020 to March 2023 in the Second People's Hospital of Hefei were randomly divided into a training group (n = 206) and a validation group (n = 89). Machine learning random forest model was used to select important variables and multivariate logistic regression was included to analyze the influencing factors of in-hospital MACE in STEMI patients; a nomogram model was constructed and the discrimination, calibration, and clinical effectiveness of the model were verified. According to the results of random forest and multivariate analysis, we identified serum YKL-40, albumin, blood glucose, hemoglobin, LVEF, and uric acid as independent predictors of in-hospital MACE in STEMI patients. Using the above parameters to establish a nomogram, the model C-index was 0.843 (95% CI: 0.79-0.897) in the training group; the model C-index was 0.863 (95% CI: 0.789-0.936) in the validation group, with good predictive power; the AUC (0.843) in the training group was greater than the TIMI risk score (0.648), p < 0.05; and the AUC (0.863) in the validation group was greater than the TIMI risk score (0.795). The calibration curve showed good predictive values and observed values of the nomogram; the DCA results showed that the graph had a high clinical application value. In conclusion, we constructed and validated a nomogram based on serum YKL-40 to predict the risk of in-hospital MACE in STEMI patients. This model can provide a scientific reference for predicting the occurrence of in-hospital MACE and improving the prognosis of STEMI patients.

MRNA Expression Profiles and Molecular Biomarkers Involved in Inflammatory Response for Essential Hypertension in Kazakh Population From Xinjiang

Abstract Background To identify hypertensive inflammation-related mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with essential hypertension (EH) of Kazakh Chinese population in Xinjiang, and offer theoretical foundation for further understanding the immune mechanisms that contribute to EH in Kazakh and provide specific molecular biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and targeted-specific treatments of this disorder. Methods Thirty Kazakh patients with EH and 30 age-matched healthy Kazakh people were divided into EH group and control group. After performing blood pressure measurement and determination of serum lipids and blood glucose, total RNA was isolated from PBMCs of hypertensive Kazakh patients and healthy Kazakh subjects, and differentially expressed mRNA in 6 randomly selected samples from each group were identified with human lncRNA/mRNA V4.0 microarray. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), disease process, the Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNA were carried out using R language and ClusterProfiler software package. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the differential expression pattern of inflammation-related genes in the mRNA microarray data and results of bioinformatics analysis. Results The average blood pressure was significantly higher in the EH group than those in the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.01), while there was no statistical significance for the levels of serum lipids and blood glucose between the 2 groups. Compared with healthy Kazakh controls, a total of 522 mRNA were significantly differentially expressed from PBMCs of hypertensive Kazakh patients with fold change of ≥1.5 and P value &amp;lt;5% in expression. Among them, 411 were upregulated and 111 were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis of upregulated mRNA identified numerous inflammation-related biological processes and molecular functions. Many of these processes and molecular function were mainly involved in immune response-regulating signaling pathway, immune response-activating signal transduction, antigen binding, immunoglobulin receptor binding and peptide antigen binding, etc. GSEA and KEGG pathway analysis for the upregulated mRNA indicated several positively enriched gene sets and pathways related to inflammatory response, such as focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, and B-cell receptor signaling pathway. qRT-PCR validation results of 14 mRNA related to inflammatory response were consistent with the microarray data. Conclusions This is the first study to identify gene expression profile involved in hypertensive inflammation in Kazakh Chinese population in Xinjiang with EH, and not only provides specific molecular biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing progression of EH, but also will provide targeted-specific treatments of this disorder in Kazakh Chinese population in Xinjiang.

INDICATORS OF PRE-SLAUGHTER STRESS IN PIGS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MEAT QUALITY

The pre-slaughter handling and transport of pigs can cause stress and negatively affect the quality of meat. This article aims to investigate the impact of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality. The literature suggests that pre-slaughter stress has a significant impact on meat quality, resulting in lower meat pH, increased drip loss, and decreased meat tenderness. When the body experiences stress, cortisol triggers the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, which provides energy for the body to respond to the stressful situation. Both serum cortisol and blood glucose levels increased post-slaughter, with a post-slaughter mean value of 7.28 µg/dl for serum cortisol (compared to the initial mean value of 6.08 µg/dl), while the blood glucose values revealed a highly catabolic state, with mean post-slaughter values of 143.24 mg/dl compared to 129.11 mg/dl mean pre-slaughter results. The study highlights a direct relationship between increased serum cortisol levels and blood glucose values when comparing the pre-and post-slaughter values with the normal reference ranges, with a highly significant correlation between the mentioned parameters (p&lt;0.01). The article also explores potential pre-slaughter indicators such as cortisol and blood glucose levels for predicting stress and meat quality in pigs. Improving pre-slaughter handling and reducing stress can lead to improved meat quality and economic benefits for the pork industry. In terms of pH24, a trust coefficient of 5.46–5.50 revealed the impact of pre-slaughter stress on meat pH, resulting in possible inferior meat in terms of quality. The study results showed a highly significant correlation between the cortisol and blood glucose values recorded post-slaughter and pH24 (p&lt;0.05), emphasizing the impact of stress on meat quality and suggesting that both serum cortisol and blood glucose values can be used as specific indicators of meat pH and ultimately meat quality.

Correlation Between Clinical Findings at Admission and Glasgow Outcome Scale Score in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury has different pathophysiology and outcomes in children and adults. This study investigated the relationship between clinical and laboratory findings at admission and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score in children with traumatic brain injury. This prospective cross-sectional single-center study enrolled 444 children 1-16 years old admitted to the neurosurgery ward from 2016 to 2020. Clinical data and laboratory information were extracted from the records of these patients at admission, and the relationship with GOS score at discharge was investigated. The 444 patients include 249 (56.08%) boys and 195 (43.92%) girls with a mean age of 7.32 ± 4.4 years. There was no correlation between GOS score and sex (P= 0.12), age (P= 0.16), serum potassium level (P=0.08), platelet level (P= 0.21), and blood glucose (P=0.18). There was a significant relationship between GOS score and hypotension (P= 0.03), hyponatremia (P=0.04), prothrombin time (P= 0.03), partial thromboplastin time (P= 0.03), pupil size (P= 0.02), pupil reaction to light (P= 0.04), and Glasgow Coma Scale score (P= 0.04). Clinical and laboratory findings such as hypotension, hyponatremia, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, pupil size, pupil reaction to light, and Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission could affect GOS score at discharge and result in poor outcomes in children with traumatic brain injury.

Association of serum uric acid and fasting plasma glucose with cognitive function: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe combined effect of serum uric acid (SUA) and blood glucose on cognition has not been explored. This study aimed to examine the separate and combined association of SUA and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or diabetes mellitus (DM) with cognition in a sample of Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.MethodsA total of 6,509 participants aged 45 years or older who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011) were included. The three cognitive domains assessed were episodic memory, mental status, and global cognition (the sum of the first two terms). Higher scores indicated better cognition. SUA and FPG were measured. The participants were grouped based on SUA and FPG quartiles to evaluate their combined associations of cognition with SUA Q1–Q3 only (Low SUA), with FPG Q4 only (High FPG), without low SUA and high FPG levels (Non), and with low SUA and high FPG levels (Both), multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze their association.ResultsLower SUA quartiles were associated with poorer performance in global cognition and episodic memory compared with the highest quartile. Although no association was found between FPG or DM and cognition, high FPG or DM combined with low SUA levels in women (βFPG = -0.983, 95% CI: -1.563–-0.402; βDM = -0.800, 95% CI: -1.369–-0.232) had poorer cognition than those with low SUA level only (βFPG = -0.469, 95% CI: -0.926–-0.013; βDM = -0.667, 95% CI: -1.060–-0.275).ConclusionMaintaining an appropriate level of SUA may be important to prevent cognitive impairment in women with high FPG.

Abstract #1407691: Identifying Causes and Improving Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients

A significant cause for adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients is hypoglycemia. It is known to increase morbidity and mortality, lengthen hospital stay, and subsequently increase health care costs. Therefore, reducing inpatient hypoglycemia is an urgent concern that must be addressed. The purpose of our study is to investigate the prevalence of hypoglycemic episodes and identify the causes and risk factors leading to hypoglycemia in the hospital setting. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of adult patients 18 years and older who were admitted to our hospital and had a hypoglycemic event, defined as glucose ≤55 mg/dL, between February 2022 and May 2022. A chart review was conducted to identify cause and associated comorbidities. We evaluated 667 episodes of hypoglycemia occurring in 409 adult patients hospitalized during a twelve-week period at a tertiary care hospital. Forty-six percent of the patients had diabetes mellitus. Fifty percent of the hypoglycemic incidents occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU) and surgical wards. Hypoglycemia occurred most frequently due to decreased caloric intake related to critical illness and fasting orders (40%) followed by insulin-induced hypoglycemia (32%). Other causes included spontaneous hypoglycemia and discrepancy between serum and capillary blood glucose (26%) and unexplained hypoglycemia due to insufficient data (3%). Hypoglycemic events were most frequently caused by decreased caloric intake due to critical illness, fasting orders, and insulin administration. Less than half of the patient population had diabetes. Therefore, improving nutritional status in critically ill patients and optimizing their glycemic monitoring/insulin management are two identified areas where intervention can improve inpatient hypoglycemia rates.

LINC00092 derived from follicular fluid alleviated the symptoms of PCOS through inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog by recruiting KDM5A

Mounting literatures suggest that follicular fluid-derived exosomes (FF-Evs) influence the progression of progression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The present study was designed to dissect the underlying mechanisms by which FF-Evs affect the PCOS. A rat model of PCOS was established using Letrozole induction. After treatment with FF-Evs, rats were examined for alterations in hormones, blood glucose, and lipid levels in serum, oestrus cycle, pathology in the ovaries, and apoptosis of ovarian cells. The functional rescue assays were performed to analyze the impact of long non-coding RNA 00092 (LINC00092) on PCOS rats. The cis-regulatory elements involved in the regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression were analyzed using bioinformatic analysis, followed by verification of the mechanism. FF-Evs treatment ameliorated Letrozole-induced enhancement of weight, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and LH/FSH ratio, reduction of luteal cells, granulosa cells, and healthy follicles, prolonged oestrus, oestrous cycle arrest, ovarian tissue fibrosis, and ovarian cell apoptosis in rats, which were counteracted by treatment with shRNA targeting LINC00092. Regarding the mechanism, FF-Evs augmented LINC00092 expression in rats. LINC00092 bound to lysine demethylase 5 A (KDM5A), and KDM5A facilitated the demethylation of H3K4me3 to restrain the transcriptional activity of PTEN. Taken together, FF-Evs delivered LINC00092 repressed the transcriptional activity of PTEN by binding to KDM5A to enhance demethylation of H3K4me3, thereby reducing apoptosis in ovarian cells and alleviating PCOS symptoms.