Global Labour Market Research Articles

Global Warming and Labor Market Reallocation

Global Warming and Labor Market Reallocation

Гармонізація ринку освітніх послуг закладів позашкільної музичної освіти країн ЄС та України

In the current conditions of globalization and integration processes between Ukraine and the European Union (EU), the topic of harmonization of the educational services market, in particular in the field of extracurricular music education, becomes especially relevant. Harmonization of educational standards and approaches between the EU countries and Ukraine allows creating a single educational space that provides a high level of specialists’ training competitive both at the national and international labor markets.The article is devoted to the analysis of har monization key aspects of the educational services’ market in the field of music education, which includes consideration of the legal framework, analysis of methods and tools used for harmonization, as well as assessment of the these processes’ impact on the development of extracurricular music education in Ukraine. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the experience of the EU countries in the uniform standards’ implementation of education, in particular in the field of music education, and its possible application in the Ukrainian context. The article also analyzes the existing problems and challenges that stand in the way of harmonization, among which are the need to adapt national legislation, improve the level of teachers’ professional training, as well as provide financial and institutional support for this process from the state and international organizations. In addition, the prospects for the educational services market development in Ukraine in terms of integration into the European educational space are discussed. As the result of the study, it was found that the harmonization of the educational services’ market in the field of extracurricular music education is a necessary step to ensure the competitiveness of the Ukrainian educational system, its integration into the European space and improving the music education quality. It also creates preconditions for the cultural exchange development and national musical traditions preservation, which contributes to the formation of a unique cultural landscape in Europe. In general, the educational services harmonization in the field of music education should become the basis for the development of a sustainable and high-quality educational system that will meet the needs of modern society and the challenges of the global labor market.

Global Labor Market Power

Global Labor Market Power

Ageism patterns in generation Z cohort in the context of soft skill development as exemplified by medical students

The article discusses the question of identifying ageism patterns among medical students, where it is contrasted with soft skills, especially in jobs involving human-human collaborations. Modern medical students are representatives of the generation Z. This generation will determine the trends in the development of society and healthcare, in particular, for the coming decades. Understanding these trends will make it possible to specifically manage soft skills, make adjustments to medical curricula, enhancing their competitive ability to face the global labor market.

Immersive Team-Based Learning in Transnational Virtual Classrooms

Abstract This study explores the impact of a transnational team-based virtual learning experience on students’ self-perceived learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to identify students’ self-perceived learning outcomes in virtual classrooms and describe the attributes of team members considered valuable for achieving team goals and learning success. Students who participated in a team-based international joint course across three editions from 2020 to 2022 completed reflective learning journals, which served as data collection research instruments. The researchers utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, along with thematic content analysis, to examine 327 validated source documents. The results revealed that students highly valued the transnational team-based learning activities during the virtual course. Participants highly valued the transnational nature of the course, as it facilitated effective collaboration within international teams and developed cross-cultural understanding skills. The virtual learning environment played a crucial role in enabling cultural exchange and understanding, fostering active participation, and encouraging reflective practice for groups of students from different countries and universities. Additionally, the study emphasized the development of digital skills as students engaged in transnational collaborative online learning using advanced technologies for communication and teamwork across distances. The digital learning environment positively influenced students’ motivation, sense of belonging, and camaraderie. The research identified 16 self- and hetero-identified attributes of team members, deemed valuable by participating students for achieving teamwork goals and learning outcomes. Attributes such as effective communication, collaboration, goal-oriented attitudes, and organizational skills were among the most highly regarded. These findings underscore the importance of transnational team-based virtual learning experiences in preparing students for global labor market demands. The study highlights the significance of fostering collaboration, cultural understanding, and digital literacy skills in educational settings.

Ethical power: a supplement to the trade union’s power resources approach

AbstractIs the current Power Resources Approach (PRA) of trade unions capable enough to cope with the global socio-economic and geopolitical structural transformation resulting from automation, pandemic-induced economic fallout, and the Russia-Ukraine war? If so, then why are millions of workers living in extreme poverty, and why do we have a double-digit rate of global job gaps? To survive in this challenging period of the global labour market, trade unions have to trigger the fifth power’s resources, denoted as ‘ethical power’. This new dimension of PRA might facilitate the trade unions’ efforts to secure decent industrial relations and social justice in the workplace. Historically, gaining ‘institutional power’ and ‘societal power’ was subject to ethical confrontation, which is rightly omitted while defining the PRA. Therefore, this study coined the term ‘ethical power’ as a supplement to existing power resources theory and found that the application of ethics to the attainment and exercise of PRA is not something new but rather unrecognised.

Economic Costs of Work Stoppages Caused by the COVID-19 Outbreak

AbstractThis study explores the economic costs of work stoppages resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. It utilizes a global multiregional dynamic computable general equilibrium model and finds that the higher the proportion of labor compensation in the initial factor distribution, the greater the economic damage. Macroeconomic loss was characterized by a monotonically increasing function, with developed countries potentially incurring greater losses than developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic had significant negative impacts on the global labor market, with a decline in labor productivity; the cumulative global economic loss in 2020–2022 surpassed $10.4 trillion, of which the EU, the USA, and China contributed 30.44%, 18.74%, and 15.44%, respectively. Countries’ anti-epidemic responses showed great heterogeneity, with South Korea and China’s actions showing the dual advantages of protecting the economy and lives, whereas the EU failed to protect either lives or the economy. This article argues that it was necessary to adopt strict quarantine measures to control the spread of the virus in the early stages of the epidemic, but with a drop in the case fatality rate and the introduction of vaccinations, strict control measures had to be removed to protect the economy.

SWOT Analysis of International Talent Training at Local Colleges and Universities in Guangxi in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

This research examines the international talent training programs offered by local colleges and institutions in Guangxi under the Belt and Road Initiative. The primary objective is to conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis, evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with these programs. The study delves into China's vision for talent development through the Belt and Road Initiative and assesses the effectiveness of Guangxi's colleges and universities in delivering impactful international talent training. A thorough analytical procedure was employed to assess the key aspects of the talent training programs. The investigation identifies the positive aspects, including highly qualified professors with cross-cultural expertise, state-of-the-art facilities, and established collaborations with reputable foreign institutions. Conversely, the study highlights existing challenges, such as limited financial resources, language barriers, and the need to revamp curricula to align with evolving industry demands. The study identifies promising prospects for the talent training programs, including the growing demand for cross-cultural competencies, potential partnerships with foreign organizations, and enhanced regional connectivity facilitated by the Belt and Road Initiative. However, it also uncovers potential risks, such as intense competition from other organizations, geopolitical uncertainties, cultural barriers, and economic instability. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the global talent training arena through a comprehensive SWOT analysis. The findings aid in formulating strategies and policies to enhance the effectiveness and competitiveness of these programs, ensuring their alignment with the evolving needs of the global labor market while fostering cross-cultural competences among students.

Women's interest in Self-employment: Understanding the impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Skills, and Behaviors: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Intentions

Entrepreneurs all across the global community are exploring entrepreneurship as a means to build wealth, operate the economy, and satisfy their dream of independence.This research aims to shed light on entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial education, perceived behavior control, and perceived family support for the career success of entrepreneurs in Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data; all 166 responses were analyzed employing a technique known as partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).The findings of the study show that entrepreneurial skills and education have a more significant favorable impact on women's success in their careers where in the presence of intention, perceived behavior control is a unique predictor of career success make known to by this study. Furthermore, perceived family support is a substantial moderator of entrepreneurial intentions and career success is also another contribution of present study. According to the findings, entrepreneurial intentions are the most significant mediator between entrepreneurial attributes and the career success of women entrepreneurs. The government should implement programs to foster self-employment, provide financial support, and change the rules and regulations to allow individuals of all ages to establish their own businesses as a career. As a result, the labor ministry and social welfare agencies can get fresh insights through this research in order to boost the proportion of women to male labor in the global labor market.

Examining themes of social media users' opinion on remote work during COVID-19 pandemic: a justice theory perspective

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant disruption to the global labor market, resulting in a rapid transition toward remote work, e-commerce and workforce automation. This shift has sparked a considerable amount of public discussion. This study aims to explore the online public's sentiment toward remote work amid the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachBased on justice theory, this paper examines user-generated content on social media platforms, particularly Twitter, to gain insight into public opinion and discourse surrounding remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing content analysis techniques such as sentiment analysis, text clustering and evolutionary analysis, this study aims to identify prevalent topics, temporal patterns and instances of sentiment polarization in tweets.FindingsResults show that people with positive opinions focus mainly on personal interests, while others focus on the interests of the company and society; people's subjectivities are higher when they express extremely negative or extremely positive emotions. Distributive justice and interactional justice are distinguishable with a high degree of differentiation in the cluster map.Originality/valuePrevious research has inadequately addressed public apprehensions about remote work during emergencies, particularly from a justice-based perspective. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining how justice theory can shed light on the public's views regarding corporate policy-making during emergencies. The results of this study provide valuable insights and guidance for managing public opinion during such events.

Global labor market debates in the ILO publications in the COVID-19 era

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, significantly changed the dynamics of working life. To help capture these changing dynamics, we examined publications that the International Labour Organization published during this period. This article aims to determine what kind of discussions are made within the framework of these publications in the context of COVID-19 by period and region. Thus, we researched the most intense discussion themes and tried to discover the global agendas of the labor markets. Within the scope of this article, we downloaded, classified, and examined a total of 1,062 publications (reports, webinars, and bulletins) published between January 2020 and April 2021. As a result of the analysis, we saw that the themes of working hours, informal workers, vulnerable workers, decent work, social protection, remote working, skills development, social dialogue, and labor standards were dominant.

Global labour markets and workplaces in the age of intelligent machines

This paper examines how labour productivity will increase in future workplaces that employ human resources and machine technologies. This paper expands the concept of intelligent machines as systems of automating labour based on robots and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, it aims to develop recommendations for improving productivity by managing competition and marketing in current global labour markets. We model the dependence of output per worker on robots’ international distribution, the ease of hiring foreign labour, and the dependence on pay and productivity. As a result of this research, labour productivity is defined by human resource availability and not through automation. The study develops comprehensive guidance for economic policy in the global labour market for the medium-term period. Management implications include representing a vision for the future of workplaces drawn on the productivity benefits of different workplace models that stimulate growth in labour efficiency. The recommended concept validates how innovation and digitalisation reshape the workplace.

Study of Current Trends of Participation of Population of the BRICS and OECD Countries in the Global Online Labor Market

The relevance of the study is the need to study current trends in the global online employment market in developed and developing countries in order to level out possible imbalances in the labor market in the context of digital development.The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis and identify the features of the participation of the population of the BRICS and OECD countries in the functioning of the global online labor market at the present stage, as well as to determine measures to ensure the balanced development of the traditional labor market in the implementation of new forms of online employment.The objectives of the study are to identify the level of formation of the basic conditions for the access of the population of some BRICS and OECD countries to the global online labor market; to determine trends in the participation of the population of the BRICS and OECD countries in the global online labor market; to form recommendations to ensure the balanced development of the traditional market in the conditions of the activation of the online labor market.Methodology. The study was conducted using the method of content analysis of information from open sources, methods of comparative and economic analysis. The results of data analysis are presented using systematization methods, tabular and graphical methods. The formation of recommendations is provided by the use of the logical method, as well as analysis and synthesis.Results. The gap in the level of formation of basic conditions for access to digital infrastructure between the BRICS and OECD countries has been revealed, which determines their differences in the use of the potential of the global online labor market. It has been established that the global online labor market is generally more preferable for employers from developed OECD countries and specialists from developing BRICS countries. The directions of expanding the possibilities of using the potential of the global online labor market for the BRICS and OECD countries are substantiated.Conclusion. The analysis confirmed the authors' assumption that there are significant differences between developed and developing countries in using the potential of public participation in the global online labor market.

Welfare for War Veterans: How the Dutch Empire Provided for European Mercenary Families, c. 1850 to 1914

AbstractThe largest “multinational” employers (avant la letter) were European India companies and colonial armies. Between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries, they recruited millions of mercenaries and soldiers from all over Europe, mostly from lower social classes. Beginning in the nineteenth century, they offered certain welfare-state services to these men and their legitimate and illegitimate families in Europe and the colonies. To maintain these systems, colonial states depended on cooperation with local, regional, and national administrations throughout Europe. However, the economic and welfare-state dimensions of violent European expansion have hitherto hardly been studied. This article uses the example of the Dutch colonial army to show for the first time how much money flowed from the colonies to lower-class European families. It analyses the transimperial networks of the Dutch colonial bureaucracy, and shows why men, women, and children in Europe and Asia, from diverse social backgrounds and subjected to dissimilar racial regimes, were affected quite differently by this global military labour market.

Priorities for the development of the Chinese education management system in the era of digitalisation

ABSTRACT The active process of digitalisation of all spheres of human activity, defined as the Industrial Revolution 4.0, has a direct impact on the transformation of the education system and learning management in the direction of meeting the need for lifelong learning and adapting to the dynamically changing requirements of the global labour market. This paper aims to determine the priorities of developing the education management system in the digitalisation era and study their peculiarities. The sample of respondents was formed by simple randomisation, consisted of two subject groups and included 327 students and 295 university professors. Respondents’ responses were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale and subsequent statistical processing of the results obtained based on Student’s t-test to determine their statistical significance and significance. The conducted research revealed that the students considered education management’s most important strategic tasks to be those aimed directly at developing distance learning and its technological support. Shared goals and issues of digitalising scientific, methodological and organisational support of the educational process for lifelong learning are more critical for the teachers. The authors showed the paramount importance of teachers’ professional development and digital competence in ensuring the digitalisation of education management. They developed a hierarchical model of priorities for the strategic development of the higher education management system. The model makes it possible to optimise the development of the education management system in the era of digitalisation, manage pedagogical resources more effectively.

English Communication Skills in International Business: Industry Expectations Versus University Preparation

In the globalized labor market, skills gaps between industry expectations and university preparation are becoming more prevalent. English communication skills (ECS) are vital soft skills in all workplaces, particularly in international business, where English is commonly used as a lingua franca. This case study examined the nexus between academia and industry regarding the instruction of ECS and their applicability to meet the requirements of the globalized business landscape by collecting data from 43 personnel in the international ready-made garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. The research reveals that English courses in higher education do not adequately address the communication needs of the international RMG business, which requires practical experience in the workplace, trade-specific vocabulary, intelligibility, and clarity rather than a high level of fluency. The study recommends promoting the teaching of English for general business purposes in Bangladesh by integrating theoretical and practical learning in the classroom and workplace as part of the curriculum.

ВИМОГИ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ: ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІ БІЗНЕС-ПРАКТИКИ

The article considers the Fourth Future of Jobs 2023 report released at the World Economic Forum on changes in the global labor market caused by innovation and technological shifts; it is stated that there have been no such studies in Ukraine so far. The transformation of business practices in the labor market has been traced based on Forbes Ukraine research on the ranking of lead ing enterprises and Work.ua on wages in 2023 and the trends of its change in various fields and in the leading industries of production. The common (recognition of one’s own merits and proper appreciation of work by the employer, decent pay, protection and flexibility of employment) and distinctive features of these changes in the world and in Ukraine are clarified: donations and charitable contributions for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, rapprochement of society and business, entrepreneurial flexibility, ingenuity, cleverness, creativity, responsiveness, adaptability, autonomy, changing the status of television, creating new protective structures, giving preference to workers with “soft skills”. The expediency of introducing the term “transformational business practices” into modern scientific discourse is substantiated. It is suggested that the term “transformational business practices” should be understood as the results of developing new and changing creative business practices. The prospects of transformational business practices for the next five years are outlined: encouraging employers to change with the active participation of employees; the impact of the wage level on employment; employment protection and flexibility; balance between work and personal life; professional burnout; innovations and NBIC-initiatives as catalysts of labor market transformation; robotization of production; transition to a “green economy”; reduction of irrelevant jobs and creation of urgent jobs; the demand for certain professions; giving preference to employees with “hard skills”; diversity, equality and inclusion; training in production processes and their automation. According to the results of a study by the Work.ua company, it is indicated that the growth of the wages of young and qualified professionals was influenced by the practices of slowing inflation, the growth of the dollar exchange rate and the average nominal wage, the decrease in the level of unemployment and competition, the lack of qualified personnel and the demand for higher wages from the current employees. It is proposed to recognize the improvement of old and the development and implementation of new business practices as a priority direction for the development of the labor market.

Ensuring student-centered value with skills-denominated credentials

PurposeThe global labor market has been upended and a new landscape has emerged. New models for ensuring the value and relevance of post-secondary education are needed. Learners need better understanding of the value and relevancy which the education provides and more immediate return on the educational investment. Education providers must ensure the relevance of the credentials. Employers require transparency into skills an individual possesses based on the credentials they hold. New models are needed to guide an understanding of credentials so that all have equitable pathways to opportunity. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned objectives.Design/methodology/approachThe authors in this paper discuss how Western Governors University implemented a Unified Credential Framework (UCF) for ensuring credentials are relevant, verified, transparent and portable. The UCF is predicated on the use of skills as an underlying foundation.FindingsUsing a structured theory for understanding skills and micro-credentials creates more transparency into what post-secondary credentials represent, and the value they hold for individuals, employers and education providers.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper represents a use case where the proposed solution is still emergent. Additional research is warranted as longitudinal data become available on student outcomes and impacts.Originality/valueThis paper presents a model that any organization can implement for clearer line of sight into the value and relevance of post-secondary credentials.

Japanese female English learners’ two-stage learning from Filipino and Western English teachers to acquire “accent-free” English

This study conducted a questionnaire survey with 100 Japanese women who have taken English lessons in two formats, online and in-person, taught by both Filipino and Western English teachers whose different advantages are featured in Japan's English teaching industry. Analyzing their decisions on what types and modes of lessons to take at which learning stage and why, the study discusses how both expected and unexpected learning patterns and reasonings pertain to global issues of (1) the hierarchical diversification in the global English teacher labor market and (2) the privilege/marginalization of Japanese/Filipino women in the world of neoliberal learning/teaching of English as a tool for upward mobility.

Expanding Demand for Master’s Degree Programs in Interdisciplinary Studies in Education in Mongolia

The fourth revolution of industrialization has enormously influenced the education sector and needs to be dynamic and sensible in light of the changeable requirements of employers. Specifically, higher education institutions (HEIs) must focus on the global labor market to offer an innovative curriculum and attract prospective students. One of the current trends in the higher education sector is to design interdisciplinary degree programs. The interdisciplinary master's degree program is relatively new in Mongolian tertiary education. Therefore, we aimed to identify the need for a master’s degree program in interdisciplinary studies in education from the perspective of prospective students and also determine the areas of studies that have been preferred in the field of education. In this study, two online surveys and a focused-group interview were conducted. Three hundred ten educators were involved in the online surveys and focused-group interviews. The research questions were created on Google form, data was collected electronically, and focused group interviews were conducted simultaneously. The findings indicated that 52% of the prospective students preferred a master’s degree program in interdisciplinary studies in education, and a diverse combination of areas has been demanded, in particular, education and modern teaching methodology (26.4%); teaching and linguistics (25.5%); education and international studies (23%) and, teaching and psychology (19.4%). The other important finding was that interdisciplinary studies would be able to provide the necessary knowledge and skills that make graduates competitive in the labor market.