Global Commerce Research Articles

Analysis of the Business Models of Alibaba

In the era of the burgeoning network economy, Alibaba, the most successful e-commerce company in China, has emerged as a pivotal player, shaping the landscape of e-commerce with its innovative business model and expansive global footprint. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Alibaba’s strategic evolution, technology integration, operational dynamics, and global market expansion. Founded in 1999 by Jack Ma and associates, Alibaba has grown from its roots as a business-to-business (B2B) platform to a multifaceted conglomerate encompassing business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and cloud computing services. At its core, Alibaba’s corporate strategy emphasizes long-term vision, customer-centricity, and global dominance, positioning itself as the foremost e-commerce service provider. Alibaba’s technological prowess is evident in its seamless integration of advanced communication, computing, and financial technologies, facilitating secure transactions and enhancing user experience. The company’s operational model emphasizes customer segmentation, revenue diversification, and robust logistics management, driving sustainable growth and market leadership. Furthermore, Alibaba’s strategic expansion into international markets, including Russia, Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, Australia, and Africa, underscores its commitment to global commerce and economic empowerment. Through strategic investments and partnerships, Alibaba continues to redefine the contours of e-commerce, fostering innovation, connectivity, and inclusive growth on a global scale.

Beyond predict and provide: Embracing sufficiency synergies in road freight electrification across the European Union

The challenge of aligning with the net-zero ambitions of the European Union necessitates a critical examination of the road freight transport sector, a pivotal contributor to global commerce and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the sector's potential for electrification to mitigate emissions, the prevailing ‘predict and provide’ planning approach may inadvertently reduce this low-carbon transition to mere technological substitution, neglecting deeper intrinsic transport issues. This perspective critiques the ‘predict and provide’ approach and advocates for the adoption of ‘sufficiency-oriented planning’. It presents a comprehensive, interconnected approach, challenging not only the technology in use but also the foundational principles of transport demand. Furthermore, it explores the broader implications of this multi-system transition for the energy sector. The perspective consequently underscores the necessity of a paradigm shift in planning for road freight transport electrification for the sector to genuinely contribute to sustainability objectives and not risk diminishing the transformative potential of this transition.

Global Commerce in Transition: Recent Legal Shifts in International Trade Law

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of International Trade Law in response to dynamic global forces. Tracing the historical foundations through mercantilism to the contemporary era, the research explores key developments such as the creation of the World Trade Organization, the rise of digitalization, and the integration of environmental and social considerations. Recent legal shifts are examined in terms of the broadening scope, enhanced structure, and augmented complexity of International Trade Law. The study highlights the transformative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and provides valuable insights for businesses, policymakers, and researchers navigating the complexities of an interconnected and dynamic global economy. As International Trade Law adapts to emerging challenges, the study underscores its pivotal role in fostering fairness, justice, and global economic cooperation.

Risk Management of International Trade in the Context of BRI: A Case study of DF Company in China

The study explores the intricate landscape of global commerce, focusing on the evolving challenges and opportunities in international business. The study centers on DF Company, a prominent Chinese engineering contracting firm, and analyzes its risk management practices in the context of the Belt and Road initiative. The Belt and Road strategy, with its goals of policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, trade facilitation, currency circulation, and people-to-people bonds, presents both historical continuity and new opportunities for international trade. The research adopts a qualitative case study design, delving into DF Company's operations through interviews, document analysis, and direct observation. The findings reveal that DF Company faces multifaceted challenges in managing international trade risks, particularly in the areas of political, policy, social, technological, and cultural risks. The paper concludes with comprehensive recommendations for DF Company, emphasizing proactive risk management, political risk mitigation, adaptation to policy changes, addressing social risks, technological capability enhancement, cultural risk management, and safety measures in conflict-prone areas. These recommendations aim to strengthen DF Company's international trade risk management framework within the Belt and Road initiative.

Advancements in Emission Reduction Technologies for the Maritime Industry a Comprehensive Analysis

This peer-reviewed scholarly article delves into recent progress in emission reduction technologies within the maritime domain, highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive and all-encompassing assessment. With its substantial role in global commerce, the maritime sector confronts escalating environmental hurdles due to its significant pollution output. The research investigates three primary technological advancements: exhaust gas scrubbers, alternative fuels like LNG, biofuels, and hydrogen, and energy-efficient propulsion systems encompassing hybrid, electric, and wind-assisted solutions. Each technology undergoes scrutiny concerning its efficacy, economic viability, and environmental benefits, complemented by tables for elucidation. Furthermore, the research briefly touches on evolving regulatory frameworks shaping the adoption of these technologies. By amalgamating these insights, the research underscores the crucial significance of a holistic strategy in steering the maritime industry toward sustainable practices and curbing its environmental impact

Impact of Financial Innovations on Business Strategy Formulation: A Qualitative Study

This study delves into the profound impact of financial innovations on the formulation of sustainable business strategies in the contemporary global landscape. As financial technologies continue to advance, their influence on strategic decision-making processes becomes increasingly pronounced. The abstract explores how the integration of financial innovations, such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and open banking, is reshaping traditional business paradigms. The research investigates the multifaceted implications of these innovations on sustainability considerations, emphasizing the need for businesses to adapt to the evolving financial ecosystem. It explores how the strategic alignment of financial innovations with sustainable practices can lead to enhanced operational efficiency, improved risk management, and heightened responsiveness to market dynamics. The study also highlights the evolving role of finance professionals, emphasizing the imperative for professionals like CPAs and CMAs to embrace FinTech literacy in order to drive sustainable business strategies. In an era characterized by intense global competition, the study concludes by emphasizing the strategic imperative for businesses to leverage financial innovations consciously, integrating them into the fabric of their sustainable business strategy formulation. As financial technologies redefine the contours of global commerce, understanding and harnessing their potential becomes paramount for businesses committed to long-term viability and success.

The Suez Canal Blockage in March 2021: The Causation of the Incident and Its Economic and Social Influences

As one of the most traveled areas for shipping transport, the incident heavily disrupted global commerce for a week, and it is worth discussing and researching the 2021 Suez Canal blockage to pinpoint the exact scale of the economic influences over the events. This essay will examine the case of a blockage event in the Suez Canal caused by the ship Ever Given. The introduction of the Suez Canal will be covered, including its historical background and some related simplified Egyptian History. The case is elaborated in detail, covered by the containership and the canal information, the date, and the situation during the time. Then, the essay will go over the reasons for the collision and the way the event changed the supply chain and global economy, explaining the importance of the Suez Canal and the change in the transporting routes, disruption in the supply chain, local economic impact, disruption in the market price of commodities and resources. Besides the analysis, there are suggestions to avoid the incident and the method to reduce or minimize the impact the incident can convey.

Revolutionizing Retail: A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Precision Demand Forecasting and Strategic Decision-Making in Global Commerce

A thorough comparison of several machine learning methods is provided in this paper, including gradient boosting, AdaBoost, Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and a unique hybrid framework (RF-XGBoost-LR). The assessment investigates their efficacy in real-time sales data analysis using key performance metrics like Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and R2 score. The study introduces the hybrid model RF-XGBoost-LR, leveraging both bagging and boosting methodologies to address the limitations of individual models. Notably, Random Forest and XGBoost are scrutinized for their strengths and weaknesses, with the hybrid model strategically combining their merits. Results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed hybrid model in terms of accuracy and robustness, showcasing potential applications in supply chain studies and demand forecasting. The findings highlight the significance of industry-specific customization and emphasize the potential for improved decision-making, marketing strategies, inventory management, and customer satisfaction through precise demand forecasting.

Cyber Heists and Trade Turmoil: Uncovering the Economic Impact of Cybersecurity Breaches on Global Commerce

Cyber Heists and Trade Turmoil: Uncovering the Economic Impact of Cybersecurity Breaches on Global Commerce

Further Analysis of Economic Innovation Models

This article focuses on analyzing Further Analysis of Economic Innovation Models in recent years. Method: Methodologies include Qualitative research method: synthesis and inductive methods. Yashoda, et al. (2022) stated that Frugal innovation has become popular in value and implementation of frugal innovations throughout the globe and has shown the benefits it offers to underserved customers in both developing and developed countries. We also expand SWOT model by adding Value part analysis on it. Results: Authors stated opportunities for values adding including but not limit to: levels of R&D will influence benefits/values of global commerce among countries; hence, we need suitable model for sustainable development toward green criteria, as well as transforming smart cities and enhancing connection among urban areas in regions.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and its impact on the economic performance of G20 countries

This paper aims to examine the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the performance of the Group of Twenty (G20) countries by analyzing the economic performance of these countries before and after the war, analyzing and measuring empirically from 2000 to 2022. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has prompted many researchers to study the impact of the conflict on the economic performance of the world’s most prosperous countries. Furthermore, the influence of global commerce has demonstrated that the Russia-Ukraine war has impacted the global trade imbalance, harming the economic performance of the 27 European Union (EU) nations (Misini & Tosuni, 2023b). The methodology is based on a comparison of each of the G20 country’s economic performance indexes (EPIs) to the countries of the EU. These countries’ performance will be evaluated using the most essential macroeconomic indicators: unemployment, inflation, fiscal deficit, and yearly economic growth. In addition, this paper will examine the influence of the Russia-Ukraine war on the economic performance of these countries (G20). The analysis employed dot plot analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and regression to conduct a more scientific investigation. The findings reveal that nations with high inflation as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war had lower economic performance, while those with low inflation had higher economic performance. Countries with lower inflation have produced greater economic results. Turkey and Argentina have experienced significant swings in economic performance. Economic growth and the budget deficit have had a favorable impact on the G20 countries’ economic performance.

Innovative Strategies in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Navigating Modern Challenges

In the current landscape of global commerce, logistics and supply chain management stand at the forefront of both opportunity and challenge, significantly influenced by the relentless march of globalization and the rapid pace of technological innovation. As companies strive to maintain competitive edges, the intricacies of managing the flow of goods, information, and capital across vast geographic and digital landscapes have become more pronounced than ever. This comprehensive paper delves into the heart of these complexities, dissecting the pivotal aspects of digital transformation, environmental sustainability, and robust resilience within supply chain ecosystems. By weaving together a rich tapestry of contemporary literature and illustrative case studies, this exploration yields a wealth of practical insights. It underscores the necessity of integrating cutting-edge digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain to streamline supply chain operations and enhance real-time decisionmaking. Simultaneously, it highlights the growing imperative for sustainability, pushing organizations to implement eco-friendly practices and reduce carbon footprints in a bid to address mounting environmental concerns. Furthermore, the paper addresses the vital issue of supply chain resilience, examining strategies that can enable businesses to withstand disruptive events and rebound from challenges with agility and minimal impact. Within these discussions, the document underscores innovative strategies capable of elevating logistics and supply chain efficiency, advancing green initiatives, and ensuring that these complex networks can adapt and thrive amidst an ever-shifting global business milieu. By meticulously analyzing the intersection of these critical factors, the study presents a blueprint for navigating the intricate web of modern-day logistics and supply chain dynamics, offering guidance for practitioners aiming to excel within this fast-evolving sector.

Analysis of Relation Between Economic Innovation Models and R&D Function

The goal of this article focuses on Analysis of Relation between Economic Innovation Models and R&D Function in recent years. Method: Methodology includes Qualitative research method: synthesis and inductive methods. George, M., et al. (2009) mentioned some variables can be considered for R&D such as: R&D expenses, R&D personnel and patents of new tech. We also expand SWOT model by adding Value part analysis on it. Results: Authors stated opportunities for values adding including but not limited to: R&D will emphasize more the vital roles of technological change in improving productivity and growth; levels of R&D will influence benefits/values of global commerce among countries; as well as R&D might consist of: basic- applying- empirical.

Control Towers in Logistics: an In-depth Exploration through Literature Analyses and Industry Case Studies

In the dynamic landscape of global commerce, effective supply chain management is crucial for business success. This research paper delves into the intricacies of supply chain control towers, exploring how these systems manage real-world business scenarios. The goal is to analyze diverse examples of supply chain control towers, sparking a discourse on their past approaches and future trajectories. The paper reviews theoretical foundations and practical aspects, employing case studies to provide updated insights. The research methodology involves an in-depth examination of a leading logistics company, 'ABC,' through a single-case study approach. Ethical considerations are prioritized in handling sensitive information. The historical perspectives on control tower implementations reveal the evolution of these systems to address specific business needs. The findings highlight meticulously developed control towers with defined structures, responsibilities, and processes. These control towers utilize key performance indicators (KPIs) and IT solutions for continuous monitoring and improvement. The research also unveils future trends, indicating that control towers are perceived not only as tools for optimization but also as potential revenue sources. The study proposes the term "Integrated Control Hub" to characterize multifaceted functions, emphasizing the need for integration in logistics and supply chain management. The paper concludes by discussing the commonalities and distinctions among the researched control towers, emphasizing their adaptive nature. It suggests practical applications for the future, focusing on data and process integration across supply chain functions. The author advocates for the acknowledgment of both logistic and supply chain control towers, emphasizing the importance of integrating these entities. The research provides valuable insights for industry practitioners, contributing to the ongoing discourse on the role and future of supply chain control towers.

Green Hydrogen Policies in the Clean Energy Transition- A Comparative Analysis of Russia and China

Green hydrogen leads energy transition plans to address environmental issues worldwide. As governments seek to cut carbon emissions and improve energy security, green hydrogen from wind, solar, and hydropower appears to be promising. This abstract summarizes an in-depth comparative research of green hydrogen economies and regulatory frameworks in China and Russia, two key geopolitical powers. China, the world's greatest greenhouse gas emitter, and Russia, an energy exporter, shape the global energy landscape. Both nations have pledged to green hydrogen generation as part of their decarbonization efforts. This report examines their green hydrogen efforts' distinctive features and trajectories, including their investment motivations, aspirations, and technology advances. This paper compares China and Russia's green hydrogen development policy frameworks and regulatory processes. It investigates policy levers that drive or hinder growth, public-private partnerships, and worldwide sustainability objectives. The geopolitical consequences of China and Russia's green hydrogen efforts are also examined. It examines how their policies affect regional and global energy, commerce, and diplomatic ties. The research also examines whether these two countries will cooperate or compete in the green hydrogen industry. This study seeks to analyze China and Russia's green hydrogen landscapes via energy policy analysis, environmental studies, and international relations. Policymakers, business stakeholders, and researchers interested in the transition to a sustainable energy future and its geopolitical consequences benefit from its insights into their plans, difficulties, and regulatory settings. This report adds to the worldwide discussion on using green hydrogen as a key component of a decarbonized energy system.

Preface: 5th International Conference on Global Economy, Finance and Humanities Research (GEFHR 2023)

The 2023 5th International Conference on Global Economy, Finance and Humanities Research (GEFHR 2023) has been successfully conducted in New York, USA during October 21-22, 2023. This conference aims at summarizing recent research activities relevant to the advanced development in the global economy, finance management, innovation management, business management, electronic commerce, humanities research, and social science, and facilitate communication among relevant experts.
 More than 120 persons have been participated in GEFHR 2023. About 60 presentations including 5 invited talks were presented. The presentations are grouped into 5 areas of particular interest: (1) Global Economy, (2) Finance Management, (3) Business Management, (4) Electronic Commerce, and (5) Humanities Research. We are indebted to all of authors for submitting their original papers. We would like to thank all members of International Board, members of Organizing Committee, and my gratitude to all those who help the success of this conference.
 GEFHR Organizing Committees
 New York, USA

Cyber Borderlines: Exploring the Interplay Between E-Commerce and International Trade Law

This review delves into the intricate interplay between e-commerce and international trade law, shedding light on the dynamic challenges and opportunities presented by the digital age. As e-commerce transcends traditional geographical boundaries, it reshapes global trade dynamics, necessitating a reevaluation of existing regulatory frameworks. The paper navigates through the complexities of jurisdiction, data privacy, intellectual property rights, and trade facilitation in the digital era. It critically examines the role of e-commerce platforms and explores the potential for harmonizing international trade rules. By exploring these dimensions, this review contributes to the understanding of how e-commerce intersects with international trade law and the implications for shaping the future of global commerce.

Intelligent warehouse space optimization using convolutional neural networks

In the era of rapid digital transformation, global commerce and its intricately woven supply chains face unprecedented demands and challenges. As businesses strive to meet the ever-expanding consumer expectations, the spotlight is increasingly on warehouses - the vital nodes of these supply chains. Warehousing, once considered a mere storage facility, is now at the epicenter of a logistical revolution, with the quest for optimized space and streamlined operations becoming paramount. Amidst this evolving paradigm, the present research delves deep into the capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), an advanced machine learning construct, examining its potential to redefine warehousing strategies. Delving into the intricate architecture of CNNs, we explore their robustness in analyzing and interpreting spatial relationships, a skillset inherently suited for space optimization tasks. This paper aims not just to present the technological prowess of CNNs, but to showcase how their integration could mark a paradigm shift in the warehousing domain, paving the way for smarter, more efficient storage solutions in an increasingly digital world.

“Bardo, or the Mexican digital diaspora”

ABSTRACT Alejandro G. Iñárritu’s Bardo, falsa crónica de unas cuantas verdades/Bardo False Chronicle of a Handful of Truths (2022) raises important questions about the nature of national film culture in the age to global film commerce. The product of a collaboration between the Mexican filmmaker and Netflix, the US-based global streaming service, Bardo crystalizes long-simmering concerns about digital technologies that have shaped film production and distribution and their impact on contemporary Mexican movie-going audiences. The film’s narrative rhetoric is directed to ‘Greater Mexico’, a cultural community beyond traditional territorial borders. With the objective of calling into question the effects of digitally-driven globalization, the film focuses on the crisis of conscience of creative artist Silverio Gama (Daniel Giménez Cacho), whose symbolic cross-border journey has blurred the lines between the Mexican identity instilled in him by cultural tradition and politics and the post-national environment which, through globalized mass media flows, has since reshaped his outlook. This odyssey to his intimate past eventually leads Silverio to recognize the falseness of his assumption of his own Mexicanness and to acknowledge the progressive evolution of an emerging Mexican culture forged in the borderless, unbounded spaces formed by transnational commerce.

A tale of two immunities: the ongoing transition from absolute to restrictive sovereign immunity in China

ABSTRACT This article examines the doctrine of sovereign immunity and its implications in the context of China’s evolving stance on this principle. The paper delves into the historical foundations and theoretical underpinnings of sovereign immunity, distinguishing between absolute immunity and the more recent concept of restrictive immunity. The analysis focuses on China’s position on sovereign immunity, considering its historical adherence to absolute immunity and its endorsement of the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property. The paper also addresses China’s law on foreign state immunity and critically examines the impact of this law and its difference compared with the FSIA and UN Convention. Drawing on comparative legal analysis and case studies, the paper evaluates China’s shift from absolute to restrictive immunity, taking into account the interests of the private sector and the need for a fair and predictable legal framework. It explores the challenges and benefits associated with this transition, emphasizing the importance of harmonization with international legal norms and the enhancement of China’s reputation as a reliable player in global commerce. Ultimately, the paper argues that China’s transition towards restrictive immunity is not only necessary to protect its economic interests but also crucial for maintaining diplomatic credibility and fostering international cooperation. By embracing this shift, China can contribute to the harmonization of global legal norms and enhance its standing as a responsible participant in the international legal landscape.