Glass Formation Research Articles

Enhancing glass-forming ability and mechanical properties of barium-calcium-aluminate glasses through ZnO inclusion

Calcium aluminate (CA) glasses have garnered attention in the field of infrared photonics due to their low phonon energy. Nonetheless, the poor glass-forming ability (GFA) and strong crystallization tendency have hindered their utilization in various technological applications. Therefore, we demonstrate here that the substitution of ZnO for CaO enhances the GFA of 29Al2O3–(66X)CaO–5BaO–(X)ZnO (X = 0,7,10,15,20,25) glasses and improves their mechanical properties. The structural characterization using Raman, 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations reveal that, Zn2+ ions adopt tetrahedral coordination and contribute as network formers along with Al3+ ions. Notably, MD simulations indicate a preference of ZnO4 units for the CaO6 sites to convert non-bridging oxygens to bridging oxygens. The decrease in glass transition temperature and the increase in elastic modulus is noticed which correlated with the structural changes in the studied glasses. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and development of stable multicomponent CA glasses for photonic applications.

A unique microstructure and its formation mechanism induced by laser cladding of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion

A nickel based gradient laser cladding layer was successfully prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The nickel-enriched area of middle layer (NEAm) in the cladding layer had a unique structure. NEAm was composed of many large strip-like Ti2Ni grains. The sub-grain inside a single Ti2Ni grain presented a fine dendrite structure (these small dendrite units belong to the same grain, which was different from the traditional dendrite structure, so it was called "pseudo-dendrite"), the interdendrite was composed of amorphous phase or alternating β-Ti, Ti5Si3 nano-grains or mixtures of amorphous phase and the alternating structure. There were many massive TiNi and dispersed Y2O3, TiC and other fine second phase particles in the dendrite stem. Some of the Si-rich amorphous phase in the interdendrite transformed into alternating β-Ti and Ti5Si3 nano-grains. Thermodynamic calculation showed that the Gibbs free energies of amorphous phase in the top layer and NEAm were −13.353 and −33.619 kJ/mol, respectively. The glass-forming ability (GFA) values γABC* of the top layer and NEAm were 1.813 and 3.067, respectively. Obviously, the amorphous phase formation was easier in the NEAm than in the top layer, which explains the reason that although the cooling rate in the NEAm is slower than that in the top layer, the amorphous phase is only generated in the NEAm. The two-dimensional mismatch between of Y2O3 and Ti2Ni reached 15.43%, which was larger than the limit value of heterogeneous nucleation (12%), so Y2O3 in the NEAm did not play a role in heterogeneous nucleation. An unreported metastable phase was identified in a grain of Y2O3 in the NEAm. Since this phase was sensitive to electron irradiation, extremely limited photo-information was acquired. Accordingly, the Bravais lattice of the metastable phase was reconstructed; its most likely structure was simple cubic. Its lattice constant was anew phase = 3aorigin Y2O3 = 1.8369 nm, α = β = γ = 90°. Its orientational relationship with the parent-phase Y2O3 was ｛12̅1｝origin Y2O3∥｛110｝new phase，<1̅01>origin Y2O3∥<1̅10>new phase. The large increase of the phase interface, the pinning effect of the second phase, and the formation of amorphous phase significantly increased the hardness(up to 1100HV).

Rheological Behavior of a New Amorphous Alloy (Al74Cu16Mg10)99,7Zr0.3

A new amorphous alloy (Al74Cu16Mg10)99,7Zr0.3 was prepared the applying a melt-spinning technique. Temperature dependence of viscosity of the alloy was determined using data from a PerkinElmer TMS2 thermo-mechanical analyzer processed according to a methodology based on the Free Volume Model (FVM). The strength of the alloy was calculated according to the Yang equation and the glass-forming ability was calculated according to the values of the Angell index mA. The activation energy of crystallization and the activation energy of the glass transition were computed using data from differential scanning calorimetry and thermomechanical experiments respectively. The activation energy of crystallization Еx = 168 ± 3.7 kJ/mol, was found to be higher than the activation energy of the glass transition Еg = 156 ± 1.4 kJ/mol, which means a dominant contribution of the atomic transport barrier, compared to the nucleation barrier. The relatively high temperature interval of the supercooled melt state Tx-Tg = 32 K and the low viscosity values in the same range ƞ(Тg) = 3.40E + 11 Pa.s and ƞ(Тx) = 1.87E + 10 Pa.s would allow thermomechanical treatment of the alloy in the temperature range of supercooled melt.

Magnetic anisotropy in heterogeneous amorphous thin films: insights from thickness- and temperature-driven spin-reorientation

Magnetization orientation in thin films is intricately influenced by multiple anisotropy components, with the dominant anisotropy serving as a key determinant. This complexity becomes particularly intriguing when considering thin films composed of subnanometer-scale heterogeneous amorphous structures. Our investigation builds upon this foundation, specifically focusing on the Fe–Ni–B–Nb alloy system, known for its moderate glass-forming ability and susceptibility to nanocrystallization. In this study, we present thickness- and temperature-driven spin-reorientation (SRT) transition, attributed to competing magnetic anisotropy energies in thin films featuring a heterogeneous amorphous structure. Thermogravimetric investigations unveiled a unique heterogeneous amorphous structure, a revelation unattainable through conventional structural analysis methods. The observed spontaneous perpendicular magnetization in amorphous films, as evidenced by transcritical hysteresis loops and magnetic stripe domains, is ascribed to the pronounced residual stress arising from the substantial magnetostriction of the alloy system. The temperature-driven SRT is correlated to the order-disorder magnetic transition of the heterogeneous amorphous phase, characterized by a Curie temperature of ∼225 K. This transformative magnetic state of the heterogeneous amorphous matrix limits the exchange interaction among the densely distributed α-Fe nuclei regions, ultimately governing the dynamic magnetic responses with varying temperature. This work provides valuable insights into the dynamic magnetic orientation of thin films, especially those with heterogeneous amorphous structures, contributing to the broader understanding of the underlying mechanisms of magnetization reversals.

Glass transition and crystallization of Se95Te5 chalcogenide glassy semiconductor

The study is dedicated to the investigation of thermo-physical characteristics of Se95Te5 chalcogenide glassy semiconductor during its glass formation and crystallization processes, employing various scanning rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min in non-isothermal modes through DSC measurement. Analysis of the structural relaxation kinetics involves the Kissinger’s, Augis and Bennett's, as well as Matusita’s approaches. Experimental data yield contains the determination of crucial parameters such as glass transition (𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔), crystallization(𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐), and melting temperatures alongside factors like reduced temperature of glass transition (𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟), Hruby’s parameter (𝐾𝐾𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔), fragility index (𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖), Avrami exponents (n, m), glass transition (140.24 kJ/mol) and crystallization (Ec = 95.11 kJ/mol) energies, respectively. The results confirm that Se95Te5 chalcogenide system as an efficient glass former. Matusita’s method reveals that the crystallization mechanism (n = 2.51, m = 1.9) corresponds to volumetric nucleation with two-dimensional growth.

Decoupling Nucleation and Growth in Fast Crystallization of Phase Change Materials

AbstractDisentangling nucleation and growth in materials that crystallize on the nanosecond time scale is experimentally quite challenging since the relevant processes also take place on very small, i.e., sub‐micrometer length scales. Phase change materials are bad glass formers, which often crystallize rapidly. Here systematic changes in crystallization kinetics are shown in pseudo‐binary compounds of GeTe and Sb2Te3 and related solids subjected to short laser pulses. Upon systematic changes in stoichiometry, the speed of crystallization changes by three orders of magnitude concomitantly with pronounced changes in stochasticity. Resolving individual grains with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) permits to disentangle of the process of nucleation and growth. From these experiments, supported by multiphysics simulations of crystallization, it can be concluded that high crystallization speeds with small stochasticity characterize phase change materials with fast nucleation, while compounds that nucleate slowly crystallize much more stochastically.

Identifying key features for predicting glass-forming ability of bulk metallic glasses via interpretable machine learning

Identifying key features for predicting glass-forming ability of bulk metallic glasses via interpretable machine learning

Unraveling a Cavity-Induced Molecular Polarization Mechanism from Collective Vibrational Strong Coupling.

We demonstrate that collective vibrational strong coupling of molecules in thermal equilibrium can give rise to significant local electronic polarizations in the thermodynamic limit. We do so by first showing that the full nonrelativistic Pauli-Fierz problem of an ensemble of strongly coupled molecules in the dilute-gas limit reduces in the cavity Born-Oppenheimer approximation to a cavity-Hartree equation for the electronic structure. Consequently, each individual molecule experiences a self-consistent coupling to the dipoles of all other molecules, which amount to non-negligible values in the thermodynamic limit (large ensembles). Thus, collective vibrational strong coupling can alter individual molecules strongly for localized "hotspots" within the ensemble. Moreover, the discovered cavity-induced polarization pattern possesses a zero net polarization, which resembles a continuous form of a spin glass (or better polarization glass). Our findings suggest that the thorough understanding of polaritonic chemistry, requires a self-consistent treatment of dressed electronic structure, which can give rise to numerous, so far overlooked, physical mechanisms.

Glass-Forming Ability, Chemical Durability, and Structural Properties of Lead Dioxide-Silicate Glass System

The present study aimed to test the solubility of SiO2 in a PbO2 host glass matrix. The new glass system with chemical composition xSiO2∙(100-x)∙PbO2 (in mol%) was obtained at low temperature using the melt-quenching technique. The method proposed for the characterization of the glass system includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-Ms), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Understanding the relationship between the oxide composition, structure, chemical durability, and thermal characteristics of obtained materials is essential for further developing the new glass crystalline material (GCM) compositions with specific desired properties.

Efficacy of different bioactive glass S53P4 formulations in biofilm eradication and the impact of pH and osmotic pressure

AimThe challenging properties of biofilm-associated infections and the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria are prompting the exploration of alternative treatment options. This study investigates the efficacy of different bioactive glass (BAG) formulations - alone or combined with vancomycin - to eradicate biofilm. Further, we study the influence of BAG on pH and osmotic pressure as important factors limiting bacterial growth. MethodDifferent BAG S53P4 formulations were used for this study, including (a) powder (<45 μm), (b) granules (500–800 µm), (c) a cone-shaped scaffold and (d) two putty formulations containing granules with no powder (putty A) or with additional powder (putty B) bound together by a synthetic binder. Inert glass beads (1.0–1.3 mm) were included as control. All formulations were tested in a concentration of 1750 mg/ml in Müller-Hinton-Broth against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). Vancomycin was tested at the minimum-inhibitory concentration for each strain. Changes in pH and osmolality over time were assessed at 0 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h. ResultsAll tested BAG formulations showed antibiofilm activity against MRSA and MRSE. Powder and putty B were the most effective formulations suppressing biofilm leading to its complete eradication after up to 168 h of co-incubation, followed by granules, scaffold and putty A. In general, MRSE appeared to be more susceptible to bioactive glass compared to MRSA. The addition of vancomycin had no substantial impact on biofilm eradication. We observed a positive correlation between a higher pH and higher antibiofilm activity. ConclusionsBAG S53P4 has demonstrated efficient biofilm antibiofilm activity against MRSA and MRSE, especially in powder-containing formulations, resulting in complete eradication of biofilm. Our data indicate neither remarkable increase nor decrease in antimicrobial efficacy with addition of vancomycin. Moreover, high pH appears to have a direct antimicrobial impact; the role of high osmolality needs further investigation.

Glass forming ability prediction of bulk metallic glasses based on fused strategy

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), gradient boosted decision trees (GBDT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models, a fused strategy was proposed for predicting the glass forming ability (GFA) of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Feature vectors were extracted using a trained convolutional neural network (CNN), and alloy composition information was the only variable input without requiring various physical and chemical properties acquired from experiments. Besides, the hyperparameters of RF, KNN, GBDT and XGBoost models were optimized by grid search method and k-fold cross validation. The obtained results show that the accuracy of CNN–RF, CNN–KNN, CNN–GBDT and CNN–XGBoost fused models proposed in this work in predicting GFA is higher than that of the four machine learning models mentioned above (i.e., RF, KNN, GBDT and XGBoost models), implying that the trained CNN could extract feature more effectively than manual feature construction. Furthermore, compared with previously reported machine learning models and GFA criteria, the proposed fused models could predict the GFA of BMG more accurately.

Effects of Si addition on crystallization process and soft magnetic properties of high-Fe and high-Cu-content Fe–Si–B–P–Cu nanocrystalline alloys

In this study, the effects of Si content on the glass-forming ability (GFA), thermal stability, annealing window, nanocrystallization process, and soft magnetic properties (SMPs) of Fe86.3-xSixB10P2Cu1.7 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, denoted as Si0, Si1, Si2, Si3, and Si4, respectively) alloys with high Fe and Cu contents were investigated. Moderate addition of Si (x = 1, 2, and 3) enhanced the GFA and suppressed the precipitation of compound phases, thus leading to a large crystallization temperature interval (ΔTx) exceeding 185 °C for the alloys. Appropriate addition of Si also resulted in the formation of high-density and fine pre-existing α-Fe nanocrystals in as-spun ribbons and a high growth active energy of α-Fe crystals during the subsequent nanocrystallization process for the Si1, Si2, and Si3 alloys, enhancing competitive growth between α-Fe crystals and resulting in fine nanostructure and excellent SMPs of the nanocrystalline alloys (NAs). As a result, the Si1, Si2, and Si3 NAs obtained by annealing at 420 °C for 30 min exhibited excellent SMPs with saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) up to 1.84 T and a low coercivity (Hc) of approximately 10 A/m. In addition, statistical analysis of the relationship between the average grain size (D) of α-Fe crystals and Hc values of the NAs indicated that an Hc α D3 dependence is observed when the D is less than approximately 30 nm, while this dependence follows the well-known Hc α D6 relationship when the D is above 30 nm. The dependency relationship between D and Hc of NAs can guide the selection of an appropriate annealing process to optimize their SMPs.

Characterizations and solubility profile of novel senary SiO2–CaO–Na2O–P2O5–CaF2–SrO glass structure modified with Nb2O5

The solubility/degradability of bioactive glasses play crucial role in bone tissue engineering applications owing to the release of ions from their structure, which exert therapeutic effects on tissues. The present study evaluates the findings of a detailed investigation on the main features and solubility behaviors of newly formulated Nb incorporated glasses (Nb-BGs). New glass formulation in SiO2–CaO–Na2O–P2O5–CaF2–SrO–xNb2O5 (x: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mol. %) system was successfully synthesized by melt-quenching technique. Glass composition was verified with Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer analysis and its amorphous nature, functional groups of the matrix and morphological features were identified via X-Ray diffraction analyses, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope analysis, respectively. Network connectivity (NC) of the Nb-BGs was assessed with respect to the role of Nb2O5 in the glass matrix as network former, modifier, or both. In order to evaluate the in vitro solubility of Nb-BGs, released concentrations of particular ions from the glass compositions were determined at certain time points and comprehensively discussed with several mathematical models such as zero-order, first-order, second-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas for the first time. Results showed that the incorporation of Nb2O5 (up to 1.5 mol. %) increased the density, oxygen density as well as NC values of newly formulated glasses. Si, Na and Ca ions which play a main role in well-defined Hench's mechanism followed mostly second-order release kinetics for all glasses in the mathematical models studied. When the Nb content increase (to 1.5 mol. %) in glass composition, the release mechanism of Si ion according to Korsmeyer-Peppas model shifts from the diffusion mechanism to an erosion-dominant release mechanism.

Exploring new machinable, strong lithium metasilicate-based glass-ceramics for dental applications

This research aimed to create a new Li metasilicate-based glass-ceramic for dental use, prioritizing improved chemical durability (CD) and machinability while preserving good glass-forming ability (GFA) and adequate mechanical properties. Characterization also involved examining fracture strength (Sf) and fracture toughness (KIC). The experimental approach involved precise microstructural adjustments through designed compositional changes and controlled thermal treatments. Four compositions underwent scrutiny using mechanical tests, microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction to analyze the impact of lithium metasilicate (LS) and disilicate (LS2) crystals on these properties. Machinability was evaluated by weight loss measurements during controlled grinding experiments. The developed GCs exhibited interconnected acicular LS and LS2 crystals, which resulted in favorable Sf ∼300 MPa and KIC ∼1.7 MPa m1/2 (SEVNB). Although the KIC was smaller than that of an experimental LS-LS2 GC (285 MPa and 3 MPa m1/2(double torsion)) used as a reference, the chemical durability (126 μg/cm2 for ML14F GC) improved by nearly 50 % compared to the reference (∼220 μg/cm2). This study introduced three new GCs with LS as the major phase (rather than the traditional LS2), showcasing commendable GFA, chemical durability and machinability, with satisfactory flexural strength and fracture toughness.

Si-enabled self-lubrication and wear resistance of CrCoNiSi medium-entropy alloy films

High- or medium-entropy alloys have gained attention in coatings attributed to high wear resistance, with the formation of an amorphous phase. However, tailoring the crystal structure has limitations in improving both friction and wear characteristics due to the uncertain influence of amorphization on friction coefficients. In this respect, Si, known to increase glass-forming ability, can reduce the friction coefficient as a self-lubricating tribo-film formed by tribochemical reactions. However, tailoring Si content also affects crystal structures, defects, and mechanical properties, which require systematical investigations. Therefore, in this study, CrCoNiSi alloy films are fabricated with controlling Si content (0–13 at%) and sputtering power (5.8–13.7 W/cm2). The increase in Si content and sputtering power both produce identical microstructural evolutions, shifting from a crystalline towards an amorphous phase. In an amorphous film of high sputtering power, the high SiO2 fraction leads to dominant adhesive wear with delamination, thus contributing to the increase in wear rate. However, the Si addition alters the Si ion fraction of post-wear, forming Si-induced tribo-film, retaining abrasive wear, and consequently reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate. This Si addition would offer control over crystal structure and self-lubricating properties, enabling tailored mechanical and tribological properties.

Advancing mechanical durability and radiation shielding properties in Silicon dioxide (SiO2) glasses through various incorporations: A comparative analysis

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) glasses, known for their high thermal stability, excellent optical transparency, and substantial mechanical strength, are crucial in numerous technological applications, including radiation shielding. This research explores the impact of compositional variations in SiO2-based glasses on their mechanical and radiation shielding properties, particularly focusing on the inclusion of heavy metal oxides (HMO) and rare earth elements (REE) like neodymium (Nd). Through the systematic investigation of fifteen distinct glass samples with varying concentrations of specific oxides and elements, we investigate the compositional changes and their influence on physical properties and their effectiveness in attenuating radiation. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of Nd significantly enhances the glass's radiation shielding capabilities. Glasses doped with Nd exhibited higher effective atomic numbers and electron densities, which translate to superior attenuation characteristics at lower photon energies. This is highlighted by the exceptional performance of the 20Nd sample, showing the lowest exposure build-up factors (EBF) at 10 mean free paths (mfp), indicating its potential as a premier candidate for shielding applications against various energy levels of radiation. Moreover, the variation in the Elastic Modulus of the glass samples underscores the significant impact of the glass matrix composition on its mechanical properties, suggesting a delicate balance between network formers and modifiers in determining the glass properties. It can be concluded that the neodymium-doped SiO2-based glasses may be considered as targeted compositions in fine-tuning material properties to meet specific application requirements. As the demand for efficient radiation shielding materials grows across medical, industrial, and space exploration sectors, our findings provide a solid foundation for the development of new glass formulations tailored for enhanced mechanical properties and superior radiation protection levels.

New pathways to control the evolution of the atomic motion in metallic glasses

Metallic glass formers are a relatively new entry in glass physics, which has attracted large interest in both physics and materials science communities due to the unique mechanical and structural properties of these materials. Physical aging is however one of the main obstacle to their widespread use as it affects their properties at all length scales. The knowledge of the microscopic mechanisms inducing aging and relaxation is therefore extremely important for both fundamental and applied sciences. In this article we present a review of the recent advances made with the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy technique on the study of the collective particle motion and physical aging in metallic glasses at the atomic level. We show that a careful tuning of the sample preparation or the application of specific thermal protocols have the potential to drive the glass into more aged or rejuvenated microscopic configurations with different stabilities.

Glass formation, crystallization behavior, nanoprecipitate phase, and magnetic properties of Mn-Fe-Si-B-EM (EM = Zr, Nb, V) alloys

In this paper, the as-quenched Mn55Fe15Si20B7EM3 (EM = Zr, Nb, V) amorphous ribbons were produced by the melt spinning technique. The crystallization behavior, nanoprecipitate phase evolution, and magnetic properties of the Mn-Fe-Si-B-EM (EM = Zr, Nb, V) amorphous alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the quantum design dynacool-9 physical property measurement system (PPMS). The Mn55Fe15Si20B7EM3 (EM = Zr, Nb, V) amorphous alloys show two-stage crystallization behavior. In the first stage, the primary crystallization results in the formation of α-Mn + Mn6Si/Mn3Si precipitates, while in the second stage, the secondary crystallization leads to the formation of the Mn2B phase. The Mn55Fe15Si20B7Zr3 (FZ) amorphous sample shows a most significant two-stage phase transformation, which the onset temperature of the primary and that of the secondary crystallization are 625.7 °C and 681.2 °C, respectively. The FZ amorphous sample undergoes a magnetic phase transformation from the spin glass (SG) state to a paramagnetic (PM) state at approximately 28 K. As the temperature increases, the magnetic phase transition can be expressed as: SG → PM. The annealed FZ nanocrystalline sample with α-Mn + Mn6Si nano phases enters the ferromagnetic (FM) state at 27∼70 K after undergoing spin glass transformation, and the magnetic phase transition is: SG → FM → PM. The annealed Mn55Fe15Si20B7V3 nanocrystalline sample containing nano α-Mn and Mn3Si phases shows two Curie transitions at 57 K and 130 K, respectively. The magnetic phase transition behavior can be expressed as: SG → FMΙ → FMΙΙ → PM.

Influence of Zr element on the atomic structure of Al-Cu alloy liquid

The relationship among chemical composition, structure and glass-forming ability in multicomponent alloys is a long-standing puzzle due to the complexity of compositions. In this work, Al77.8Cu22.2 and Al70Cu20Zr10 amorphous alloy liquids were investigated by combining high-energy X-ray diffraction at a synchrotron facility, ab-initio molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis of short- and medium-range order structures of two liquid alloys show that the addition of Zr element increases the number of cluster types and makes the distribution of cluster content more uniform, and enhances the structural heterogeneity and correlation of clusters with high five-fold symmetry. These findings reveal the influence of Zr element on the atomic structure of the Al-Cu liquid alloy and deepen the understanding of Al-based metallic glasses formation.

The glass-forming region and 2.7 μm emission properties of Er3+-doped TeO2–MoO3–Nb2O5 tellurite glass

In this paper, the glass forming region of TeO2–MoO3–Nb2O5(TMN) tellurite glass and the luminescence properties of Er3+ doped TMN glass at 2.7 μm were studied. The effects of MoO3 on the thermal and optical properties of the glass were analyzed. The formation region of TMN glass was predicted by thermodynamic method and verified by experiment. It can be found that the glass-forming ability, thermal and optical properties of TMN glass change significantly with the change of MoO3 content. The addition of MoO3 significantly improves the anti-crystallization stability, fluorescence lifetime and quantum efficiency of tellurite glass. The calculation results show that the quantum efficiency of 80TeO2–15MoO3–5Nb2O5–1Er2O3 glass sample is 16 %. These results indicate that TMN glass has a broad application prospect in mid-infrared laser materials.