Glass Ampoules Research Articles

16832 Peptides: An effective ingredient to complement vitamin C for skin aging

Peptides and vitamin C are effective anti-aging ingredients but the formulation is critical for delivery across the stratum corneum. Peptide-C anti-aging formula contains peptides, vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, and Vichy mineralizing water, in daily-dose amber glass ampoules with no preservatives. These studies evaluated the effectiveness of Peptide-C formulation on wrinkles and radiance. In study A (n = 32), dansyl chloride patches were placed on each forearm for 24 hours. After removal, the remaining fluorescence was measured daily and Peptide-C formulation was applied twice-daily on one randomly designated forearm for 3 weeks.

Qualitative risk assessment of follicle stimulating hormone injectable products

ABSTRACT Background Gonadotropin injections for fertility treatment regimens are usually self-injected, typically over 8–12 days during the assisted reproductive technology cycle. Parenteral gonadotropins are available in different formulations and administered through various systems. A user experience study and risk assessment were performed to evaluate different product types for risks to the patient when preparing and administering injections. Methods Nine women of child-bearing age each prepared and administered injections of six products representing single- and multidose vials of menotropin for reconstitution (Merional® and Menopur®), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) reusable pen injectors with (Puregon®), and without cartridges (Gonal-f®), and single-use FSH pre-filled pens (Bemfola®). Risk assessments based on user feedback were made with reference to EU regulations for implementing practices for safe use of injectable products. Results Products requiring reconstitution with diluent in glass ampoules were associated with medium risk for sharps injury and a lower level of user confidence. Pen injectors were considered easy-to-use, with a low risk of sharps injury. Single-use pens were associated with the lowest risk of dosing errors. Conclusions The study identifies differences in the risks for both sharps injuries and dosing errors between FSH delivery options that practitioners should consider when making a treatment choice.

Si-doped graphene nanosheets for NOx gas sensing

Si-doped graphene nanosheets (SiGNSs) were constructed via high temperature annealing of the precursor mixture (the graphene oxide and tetraethoxysilane) in a sealed glass ampoule. Si-doped graphene nanosheets annealed at 400 °C (SiGNS-400) exhibited excellent NOx sensing ability with a high response value (21.5%–50 ppm of NO2), a fast response (126s), a fast recovery (378s), a broad detectable concentration range (300 ppm∼18 ppb) and outstanding selectivity. The doped Si atoms play a key role in NOx sensing. The sensor prepared by SiGNS-400 detected NOx not only in environments with a single harmful gas but also in complex environments containing several harmful gases. The detectable concentration range of the SiGNS-400 sensor decreased with increasing operating temperature.

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF RHENIUM CLUSTERS [{Re6(μ3-Q)8}(imz-[1,2-a]py)6]Br2

Octahedral rhenium cluster complexes of the composition [{Re6(μ3-Q)8}(imz-[1,2-a]py)6]Br2, where Q = S, Se, are obtained by the interaction of Csn[{Re6(μ3-Q8)}Br6] (n = 4 for Q = S; n = 3 for Q = Se) with an excess of imidazo-[1,2-а]pyridine in a sealed glass ampoule at 180 °С within two days. Both compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the trigonal space group $$R\bar{3}$$ . The crystal structure of the complexes represents three differently directed chains of [{Re6Q8}(imz-[1,2-a]py)6]2+ cations and bromine anions linked with each other by С–H⋯Br⋯H–C hydrogen bonds. The compounds obtained have pronounced luminescence with emission maxima at 652 nm and 678 nm for Q = S, Se respectively.

The novel application of dropper cover for the protection of ampoules

Glass ampoules are currently commonly used for clinical small-volume injections, and they are difficult to keep in original packaging in clinical medication management and actual application. The drug mark on the surface of the glass ampoule is easily erased after being repeatedly rubbed, which makes the handwriting blurred and unrecognizable. Moreover, there is the possibility of accidental slipping and breaking during use.

Comparison of particulate contamination in glass and plastic ampoules of glycyrrhizin injections after ampoule cutting

We evaluated the number and types of particles in glycyrrhizin injections after ampoule cutting. A total of 100 glass ampoules of 5 companies were examined. The mean number of particles with diameter of 1.3- < 5 μm was 252.9/mL, and that of particles with diameter of 5- < 10 μm was 12.5/mL. The number of particles differed among products of the 5 companies, e.g., the number of particles with a diameter of 1.3- < 5 μm varied from 351.9/mL to 121.6/mL. In addition, a total of 120 plastic ampoules from 6 companies were evaluated. The mean number of particles with a diameter of 1.3- < 5 μm was 43.0/mL, and that of particles with a diameter of 5- <10 μm was 2.1/mL. Differences among products of the 6 companies were not significant. The number of particles in glycyrrhizin injections after ampoule cutting was significantly lower in plastic than for glass ampoules (p < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis identified glass fragments in glycyrrhizin injection samples after the cutting of glass ampoules but identified no particles after cutting plastic ampoules. Glycyrrhizin injections are commonly used in Asia including Japan, Taiwan, and China. The use of plastic ampoules is recommended for the prevention of the entry of glass fragments into the body.

Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum and antimicrobial studies of gamma irradiated barium doped diaquamalonatozinc(II)

Abstract The present investigation probes into the effect of gamma irradiation as well as doping on non-isothermal decomposition kinetics, structural, spectral and antimicrobial studies of barium doped diaquamalonatozinc(II). The compound were prepared by reported procedures and characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. Pure dried samples of uniform mesh size were encapsulated in glass ampoules and irradiated to 200 kGy using 60Co gamma rays. Non-isothermal studies of barium doped [Zn(mal)(H2O)2] were done before and after gamma irradiation by Coats-Redfern method. Results revealed that activation energy and associated kinetic parameters were lowered upon irradiation as well as doping. From X-ray diffraction studies both unirradiated and irradiated samples are found to be monoclinic. Lattice parameters are changed after irradiation. Change in intensity of FTIR bands were observed after irradiation. Antimicrobial studies revealed irradiation induced activity towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococusaureus and Sacchromycescerevisiae.

Syringe tube as ampoule opener: A safe, simple, and effective tool in dermatologic surgery

Minor dermatologic operations are commonly performed with local anesthesia, especially infiltrative anesthesia with lidocaine. However, it is easy to injure the hand when opening the lidocaine glass ampoule without the help of an effective tool, which frequently occurs in the clinical practice.1

The use of prefilled adrenaline syringes improves cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality-high-fidelity simulator-based study.

BackgroundIn some countries, adrenaline is available only in glass ampoules. However, simplification of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by introducing prefilled syringes may ensure more efficient CPR. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different forms of adrenaline on the CPR quality.MethodsIn a randomized cross-examination simulation study, 100 two-person paramedical teams took part in two 10-minute scenarios of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in a pulseless electrical activity mechanism (PEA). In the first scenario the set of medicines contained glass ampoules (group ST) with adrenaline, in the second prefilled syringes (group AMPS). The parameters of the CPR quality [correct number and depth of chest compressions (CC), no flow time, chest recoil, time to apply supraglottic airways device (SAD)] were compared.ResultsIn group AMPS the first dose of adrenaline was administered after 114.2±28.3 seconds after the initiation of CPR whereas after 178.1±62.6 seconds in group ST (P<0.001). Chest compression fraction (CCF) was higher (81.8%±6.1%) in group AMPS than in group ST (71.2%±7.5%). Paramedics performed CC at better frequency, to a preferred depth and in an appropriate place in group AMPS. Faster decision to apply SAD (131.7±34.0 s in group AMPS and 220.3±81.5 s in group ST) ensured faster achievement of airway patency in this group (181.5±48.7 vs. 271.2±101.5 s).ConclusionsPrefilled syringes with crucial drugs during CPR may significantly improve the quality of CPR performed by two-person teams.

177Lu Effect of Geometry Factors in Radionuclide Calibrator

The accuracy of radiopharmaceutical activity which will be administered to the patients is very important in nuclear medicine, especially in the case of therapeutical procedure. Hence, all safety aspects should be considered, including the standardization of the dose calibrator. From the reference, the accuracy of dose calibrator is influenced by various factors, such as the geometrical factors of the syringes or vials. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different container such as syringes and vials on the accuracy of dose calibrator. The initial work was done by preparing 5 cc glass ampoule and 1 cc syringes containing 177Lu. Both samples was measured using the Capintec CRC 7-BT dose calibrator. The ampoule and syringe activity was measured at the base of the chamber and 5 cm above the base of the chamber, respectively. The result shows that the correction factor was 2.5 % for the syringe and 1.03 % for the ampoule. The correction factor should be considered when the dose calibrator will be used for measuring the administered to the patient to get more accurate activity measurement and patient safety.

On the synthesis and structure of the copper-molybdenum oxide bronzes: Monoclinic Cu2Mo10O30 and orthorhombic CuMo9O26

Cu2Mo10O30 was prepared as a monophasic material comprising dark blue platy crystals by reacting Cu with MoO3 under argon at 550 ​°C. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry showed that Cu2Mo10O30 is a stoichiometric compound that crystallizes with a monoclinic (C2/c) cell: a ​= ​16.6359(6); b ​= ​9.3112(3); c ​= ​27.1597(9) Å; β ​= ​102.621(3)° (Z ​= ​8). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that Cu2Mo10O30 displays mixed-valency; (CuI2−xCuIIx)(MoV2+xMoVI8−x)O30 (0 ​≪ ​x ​≤ ​2). Differential scanning calorimetry and in situ high-temperature powder X-ray diffractometry showed that Cu2Mo10O30 decomposes ≳550 ​°C under an inert atmosphere. Dark blue acicular crystals of CuMo9O26 were discovered as a side-product in materials prepared inside evacuated glass ampoules at 500 ​°C. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry showed these to crystallize with an orthorhombic (Pmmn) cell: a ​= ​3.74190(10); b ​= ​26.4941(4); c ​= ​9.15300(10) Å; (Z ​= ​2). Rietveld refinement of the powder X-ray diffraction data for these materials revealed Cu2Mo10O30 with minor CuMo9O26 and ‘Cu0.1MoO3’.

Antimicrobial activity of bioactive glass S53P4 against representative microorganisms causing osteomyelitis – Real-time assessment by isothermal microcalorimetry

Bioactive glass (BAG) is a synthetic bone substitute with intrinsic antimicrobial properties, used for bone defect filling. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of two formulations of BAG S53P4 against representative pathogens of osteomyelitis: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activity of BAG S53P4 was assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry, a highly sensitive assay measuring metabolic-related microbial heat production in real-time. Standard CFUs-counting was performed in parallel. BAG granules (diameter 500−800 μm) and powder (<45 μm) were evaluated in two concentrations (400 and 800 mg/ml). Isothermal microcalorimetry was performed in glass ampoules containing growth medium, BAG and test microorganism, heat production was measured for 24 h. BAG S53P4 inhibited heat production of most-tested microorganisms with heat reduction of 60%–98% compared to positive control after 24 h of exposure to the highest-tested concentration (800 mg/ml). BAG S53P4 in powder formulation (<45 μm) inhibited more microbial growth than in granule formulation (500−800 μm), with the exception of C. albicans for which both formulations presented similar inhibition rates ranging between 87 % and 97 %. The BAG inhibitory ratios estimated from the variation in the growth rate constants of each microorganism compared to the growth control ranged between 2.55 % and 100 %. Comparable results were obtained by CFUs-counting, with complete reduction in cell viability of most microorganisms after ≤ 24 h of microbial exposure to BAG S53P4 powder. In summary, BAG S53P4 demonstrated efficient inhibition of microbial growth, especially in powder formulation.

A Study on Spectral and Morphological Analysis on Unidirectional Neodymium Doped KDP Single Crystal

A nonlinear optical unidirectional &lt;101&gt; Single crystal of Neodymium doped Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) was grown by Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method. The &lt;101&gt; oriented seed crystals were mounted at the bottom of the glass ampoule and the crystal of 16mm diameter; 120mm length were grown by SR method. The laser damage threshold was measured using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and was found to be 5.456 Gwcm-2 respectively.The presence of functional groups was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The surface morphology and dislocations along &lt;101&gt; plane was observed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Determination of matrix composition of Ge-Se-Te chalcogenide glasses using the ICP-AES method

One of the most important stages of the high-purity chalcogenide glasses’ analytical control is the determination of matrix elements’ content with the uncertainty at the levels of 0.1–0.2 mol.%. The content of the macro-components may differ from the composition of the initial charge; therefore, an important task is the macro-composition determination of the final materials. This article describes the development of the technique for determining the matrix elements of high-purity Ge-Se-Te glasses in the range of germanium content from 10 to 35 mol. %, selenium and tellurium content from 20 to 50 mol. % with the expanded uncertainty within 0.01–0.2 mol. % (P = 0.95) using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). A simple technique for the preparation of primary calibration solutions from pure elementary Ge, Se and Te is proposed. The correctness of the analysis results is confirmed by comparing the calculated matrix composition of model glass samples, prepared by direct synthesis from high-purity simple substances in the sealed quartz glass ampoule, with the analysis results. The main advantage of the proposed analysis technique is the absence of the need for the reference samples identical to the analyzed material, which is especially important for determination of new materials’ matrix composition. The minimum sample mass for the determination of matrix elements is about 1 mg, which makes it possible to analyze not only bulk glass samples, but also fibers and expensive materials.

Development of certified reference materials for physicochemical analysis. Certified reference solutions for the composition of aqueous aluminum, indium, magnesium, nickel and titanium

This paper presents information on the development and certification of reference materials (CRM) for the composition of aqueous aluminium, indium, magnesium, nickel, and titanium solutions.CRMs are represented by aqueous solutions containing aluminium, indium, magnesium, nickel, and titanium ions. CRMs have been packed into 5, 10 and 25 cm3 glass ampoules, as well as into 50 and 250 cm3 polypropylene vessels. The certified values of metal mass concentrations were established according to the preparation method.The certified value of the mass concentration of metal ions in the CRMs under study is found to vary within the range of 0.95–1.06 g/dm3. Both the relative expanded uncertainty (under k= 2) of the certified mass concentration and the relative standard uncertainty due to instability do not exceed the values of 0.8 % and 0.069 %, respectively. The developed CRMs are shown to have the shelf life of 3 years provided that standard storage conditions are ensured. The developed CRMs are included into the RF State Register of Certified Reference Materials under the following numbers: CRM 11122–2018, CRM 11123–2018, CRM 11124–2018, CRM 11125–2018, and CRM 11126–2018. The CRMs produced by the All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI) are characterized by the values of expanded uncertainty comparable to those of world leaders in the production of similar materials.

Al and Si diffusion in rutile

Abstract Diffusion of Al and Si has been measured in synthetic and natural rutile under anhydrous conditions. Experiments used Al2O3 or Al2O3-TiO2 powder mixtures for Al diffusant sources, and SiO2-TiO2 powder mixtures or quartz-rutile diffusion couples for Si. Experiments were run in air in crimped Pt capsules, or in sealed silica glass ampoules with solid buffers (to buffer at NNO or IW). Al profiles were measured with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) using the reaction 27Al(p,γ)28Si. Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to measure Si diffusion profiles, with RBS also used in measurements of Al to complement NRA profiles. We determine the following Arrhenius relations from these measurements: For Al diffusion parallel to c, for experiments buffered at NNO, over the temperature range 1100–1400 °C: D Al = 1.21 × 10 − 2 exp ⁡ ( − 531 ± 27 kJ/ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 s − 1 . For Si diffusion parallel to c, for both unbuffered and NNO-buffered experiments, over the temperature range 1100–1450 °C: D Si = 8.53 × 10 − 13 exp ⁡ ( − 254 ± 31 kJ/ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 s − 1 . Diffusion normal to (100) is similar to diffusion normal to (001) for both Al and Si, indicating little diffusional anisotropy for these elements. Diffusivities measured for synthetic and natural rutile are in good agreement, indicating that these diffusion parameters can be applied in evaluating diffusivities in rutile in natural systems Diffusivities of Al and Si for experiments buffered at IW are faster (by a half to three-quarters of a log unit) than those buffered at NNO. Si and Al are among the slowest-diffusing species in rutile measured thus far. Diffusivities of Al and Si are significantly slower than the diffusion of Pb and slower than the diffusion of tetravalent Zr and Hf and pentavalent Nb and Ta. These data indicate that Al compositional information will be strongly retained in rutile, providing evidence for the robustness of the recently developed Al in rutile thermobarometer. For example, at 900 °C, Al compositional information would be preserved over ~3 Gyr in the center of 250 μm radius rutile grains, but Zr compositional information would be preserved for only about 300 000 yr at this temperature. Al-in-rutile compositions will also be much better preserved during subsolidus thermal events subsequent to crystallization than those for Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-titanite crystallization thermometers.

Synthesis, growth and characterization of organic nonlinear optical 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) single crystal grown by vertical Bridgman technique

Abstract Single crystal of organic nonlinear optical material 3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) (FMP) was grown with the help of single walled glass ampoule in vertical Bridgman technique. The structural analysis confirmed the cell parameters and crystallinity of the single crystal with the space group of Pbca. The presences of desired components in the single crystal were confirmed by the NMR spectrum. The lower cut off wavelength of the single crystal was observed at 423 nm from the absorption spectra of the single crystal. The electrical property of grown single crystal was studied by measuring the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The surface hardness test and amount of damage caused by incident laser beam on the surface of the single crystal determined the mechanical strength of the crystal. The FMP single crystal was found to exhibit negative photoconductive nature. The etch pit density and non-linear optical properties were determined by etching measurement and by observation of green light in Kurtz-Perry powder method. The grown crystal was studied thermal stability and melting point with TGA-DSC analysis.

Collaborative study for the calibration of the replacement International Standard for pertussis toxin for use in histamine sensitisation and CHO cell clustering assays

Pertussis toxin (PT) in its detoxified form is one of the major protective antigens in vaccines against Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough). Reference preparations of native PT are required for the quality control of pertussis vaccines. Stocks of the first WHO International Standard (IS) for PT (JNIH-5) were low and a replacement was required. One candidate material was donated by a vaccine manufacturer to NIBSC. It was formulated, lyophilised into sealed glass ampoules and coded 15/126. An international collaborative study assessed the suitability of this material to replace JNIH-5. Fourteen laboratories from 12 countries took part in the study. Eleven laboratories performed lethal murine histamine sensitisation assay (HIST), 14 performed Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell clustering assay. International Units (IU) were assigned to the material using these assays as they were used to assign units to JNIH-5. It was found that, unlike JNIH-5, the activities of 15/126 in HIST and CHO cell assays did not agree and therefore different unitage for each assay was assigned. The preparation 15/126 was established as the Second WHO IS for PT for HIST and CHO cell assays. It was assigned a unitage of 1,881 IU/ampoule in HIST and 680 IU/ampoule in the CHO cell clustering assay.

Development of engobe composition with the use of pharmaceutical glass waste for glazed ceramic granite

This paper reports results of research into the application of pharmaceutical glass waste, which is a mixture of medical ampoules, in the production of ceramic tiles. Disposal of such waste reduces the negative impact on the environment and contributes to saving mineral raw materials. At the same time, environmentally safe handling of ampoule forms of pharmaceutical glass waste at the disposal stage implies the removal of drugs’ residues from them. The appropriateness of using glass ampoules cleaned from drug residues as a fluxing component of engobe coatings for glazed ceramic granite is experimentally and theoretically substantiated. Comparative analysis of the charge composition of engobes of various manufacturers and of different chemical compositions of fluxing materials, which are components of these engobes, was carried out. The chemical composition of pharmaceutical glass waste was found to suggest the similarity of the basic properties of melts of these wastes and engobe glass frit. The paper considers the dependence of viscosity of the melts of engobe glass frits on the temperature. It was found that by the estimated values of viscosity of melts and experimentally determined characteristics of fusibility, glass waste can serve as substitutes for expensive engobe frits, when used with other traditional components of engobes. The chemical composition of the waste and of the basic engobe frit was determined by the method of X-ray spectrometry. Fusibility characteristics were explored using the thermoscope MISURA. Temperature coefficient of linear expansion of glass materials was determined with the use of the dilatometer LIL402PC. The research into the development of engobe coatings using pharmaceutical glass waste for the technology of glazed ceramic granite at firing temperature of 1185 °C was carried out. The rational charge composition of glazed engobe with a whiteness of 76 % was determined, which contains 30 % by weight of glass waste. The engobe tiles with water absorption of 0.3–0.4 % and the limit of flexural strength of 52–54 MPa were obtained

The influence of the closure format on the storage stability and moisture content of freeze-dried influenza antigen

Low moisture content is seen as crucial to achieving long term stability of freeze dried biologics and reference materials. Highly hygroscopic freeze-dried material are susceptible to moisture ingress over time which can lead to degradation and loss of biological potency. This study compared vials with unprocessed stoppers, vials with vacuum-oven dried stoppers and glass ampoules in order to determine the superior long term storage format in terms of moisture ingress and potency. B/Phuket influenza antigen was chosen as the model biological standard and the lyophilized antigen was stored at −20, 25 and 45 °C over a 1 year period. Ampoules had no significant moisture change across all storage temperatures as would be anticipated. Moisture content results at −20 °C showed no significant differences between ampoules, vials with vacuum-oven dried stoppers and vials with unprocessed stoppers over 12 months. Vials with vacuum-oven dried stoppers performed similarly to ampoules at −20 °C and 20 °C, but had a small increase in moisture content after 6 months at 45 °C. Vials with unprocessed stoppers preformed the worst and exhibited the largest moisture ingress after just 3 months at both 20 °C and 45 °C. Single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) potency assays showed at −20 °C and 20 °C there was no significant difference between all closure formats. At 45 °C there was a drop in potency for all closure formats, but ampoules and vials with vacuum-oven dried stoppers retained higher potency than vials with unprocessed stoppers. Thus, while ampoules are still considered to be the gold standard format for long term storage stability, using vials with vacuum-oven dried stoppers provides comparable stability and moisture integrity at −20 °C and 20 °C storage.