German Loanwords Research Articles

Germanizmi u savremenom srpskom jeziku, u germanoslavističkoj literaturi i u romanu „Semper idem” Đorđa Lebovića

As can be seen from the title, this paper has three goals: (1) to present the most prominent features of German loanwords in modern Serbian (along with basic concepts of contact linguistics), (2) to provide a brief survey of most recent linguistic research into German words in Serbian, and (3) to analyze the features and use of German loanwords in the novel Sepmer idem written by Đorđe Lebovic, an eminent Serbian 20th-21st century author. Therefore, this paper has three main parts. The first one is about the classification of foreign words into loanwords and calques, and the classification of German words into substantial, international and structural, about their adaptation in terms of Serbian orthography, pronunciation and morphology, its lexical needs, direct and indirect borrowing etc. The second one deals with current research into German words conducted by Serbian and German scholars, while the focus is on two studies: Nemacki uticaji u nasem jeziku by professor Milos Trivunac, one of the founders of German studies at university level, and Germanismen im Serbischen und Kroatischen by B. Golubovic, a modern Slavic scholar (Golubovic 2007). The third part of the paper analyzes German loanwords in Đorđe Lebovic's prose. Since many young linguists and students find German influence on Serbian is very interesting, and many of them decide to write term papers and MA theses in this field, the author tried to summarize basic information about this topic offered by ample literature in Serbian and German, to present them in a clear an meaningful way and to point out the possibilities for the application of these data when analyzing the corresponding aspect of certain literary texts in Serbian by using examples from Lebovic's texts. Depending on what a particular work of literature offers, results of such an analysis can prove the current insights or even make them more profound.

Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff. The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, 2013

Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff. The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, 2013

„Sorvete un Tema is nich Dütsch“

This article analyzes the lexicon of 129 speakers of German dialects in Southern Brazil, who translated 46 Portuguese stimulus sentences into Mennonite Low German, Pomeranian, or Hunsruckisch. By comparing the number and phonetic shape of the Portuguese loanwords and by analyzing the hesitation phenomena that occurred during the translation task, we can gain valuable insights into the informants’ storage of lexical items. While the overall rate and shape of the borrowed elements are largely determined by the informants’ origin, age, sex, and competence in the contact languages, (un)filled pauses, segment lengthenings, and break-offs are more frequent among speakers of Mennonite Low German. Initially, this is puzzling, since the Mennonites are as proficient in Portuguese as their Pomeranian- and Hunsruckisch-speaking counterparts, while their dialect knowledge and especially their knowledge of Standard German is actually better. However, taking into account that the overall number of loanwords in Mennonite Low German is lower, it stands to reason that the Mennonites’ German and Portuguese mental lexica have converged less than the lexica of the Pomeranians and Hunsruckers. Consequently, the Mennonites are faced with more competition during lexical access and retrieval.

PRONK-TIETHOFF, SASKIA: The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic.

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia: The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic. Leiden Studies in Indo-European, 20. Rodopi Amsterdam, New York, 2013. X, 316 Seiten. Gebunden, EUR. ISBN: 978-90-420-3732-8.

Young people’s perspective of Maribor vernacular

Abstract The article deals with the youngsters in a specific secondary school in Maribor which represents a sort of a conglomerate of different social varieties (dialects) of the Slovenian language. This conglomerate raises particular questions regarding perspectives of Maribor vernacular. The survey is based on 68 questionnaries of secondary school pupils. It was conducted in May 2012 in Maribor. All the pupils of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year were interviewed. Questionnaires differenciated between pupils according to their gender, their grade in the school subject of the Slovenian language and according to their place of residence during their schooling. The analysis included two variables, i.e. gender and grade; nevertheless, the latter did not prove to be relevant. During Slovenian language classes, male pupils use LSS more consistently than female pupils do; they both frequently use SDS-2, as well as SDS-1, while during other classes there is almost no LSS. The pupils are consistently corrected during Slovenian language classes, which is not the case during other classes (with the exceptions of history and geography). For Abbreaviations, see footnote 2, p. 8. At school, pupils more frequently use slang with classmates and peers than they use LDS. Moreover, the comparison between the use of slang by female and male pupils shows the growing use of slang by the latter. All the pupils whose current address is not in Maribor notice the influence of their school environment (of Maribor city speech), including German loan words (also typical of Maribor city speech). All pupils whose current address is not in Maribor use these words in informal speech, i.e. with classmates, school employees and other citizens of Maribor.

Hildegard Striedter-Temps’ German Loanwords in Slovenian: A Scientific-Historical Study Fifty Years On

This article deals with the biography of the German Slavist Hildegard Striedter-Temps (1931–1972) and the creation and reception of her volume Deutsche Lehnwörter im Slovenischen (German Loanwords in Slovenian), published in 1963. This work, together with her dissertation Deutsche Lehnwörter im Serbokroatischen (German Loanwords in Serbo-Croatian), printed in 1958, is still one of the standard works on Slavic-German language contact.

Hildegard Striedter-Temps’ Lexicographic Volume Deutsche Lehnwörter im Slovenischen (German Loanwords in Slovenian, 1963) in Light of Bezlaj’s Critique (1964): Fifty Years Later

This article concludes that Bezlaj’s rather critical review (1964) of Hildegard Striedter-Temps’ lexicographic volume Deutsche Lehnwörter im Slovenischen (German Loanwords in Slovenian, 1963) was excessive because this book has become an important reference work for all serious works that deal with German loanwords in Slovenian, including Bezlaj’s Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika (Etymological Dictionary of Slovenian Language).

Slovensko fôkselj (m.), gen. -na in sorodne besede

Ker je v nemščini izpričano Faxe (f.) 'šala ', Faxer (m.), gen. -s 'cirkuški klovn', v švabski nemščini faxen 'uganjati norčije', v koroški nemščini pa fax (m.), gen. -es 'šaljivec ', se ugotavlja, da so slovenske besede fôkselj, fôksne, fôksler, fôksner izposojene iz bavarske nemščine. Ustreznih predlog za vse omenjene izposojenke v nemščini ni bilo mogoče najti, zato se izposoja dokazuje z nemškim besedotvor-jem in s priponsko enakimi izposojenkami v slovenščini, ki imajo ustrezne nemške predloge.

Jak poznaniacy oceniają obecność germanizmów w swojej gwarze?

The article presented and interpreted results of the survey. More precisely – the answers given by respondents three questions, which were: “What do you think about the presence of German loanwords in the Poznan dialect? Is it a lot of them? Are they still alive?”. The survey covered 120 people from Poznan (and Wielkopolska, but at least 20 years of living in the city), representing three age groups. It turned out that most of the inhabitants of Poznan has a positive attitude towards the German loanwords present in their dialect. They note their recessive character of the cross-generational. They admit, however – and this regardless of age – that there are still a lot. Most of the respondents are aware of the limitations of pragmatic and communication accompanying the use of regional German loanwords. Today the influence German into Polish no longer raises such negative connotations as before, so the evaluation of regional German loanwords is more objective.

Germanic Loanwords in Proto-Slavic

Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff: The Germanic Loanwords in Proto-Slavic. (Leiden Studies in Indo-European 20.) Amsterdam –New York: Editions Rodopi B. V. 2013. X, 316 pp

Review: Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff: The Germanic Loanwords in Proto-Slavic

Review: Saskia Pronk-Tiethoff: The Germanic Loanwords in Proto-Slavic

Nasal vowels in French loanwords in German: The effect of linguistic environment

This article describes the phonological treatment of nasal vowels in French loanwords in Standard German, including both northern and southern regional standards, in light of recent language contact theory, in particular Van Coetsem (1 9 88, 2000). Based on the realizations reported in the major pronunciation dictionaries of Standard German, it is shown that in aural, as opposed to spelling-based loanwords, linguistic environment plays a determinant role. In particular, in non-contrastive, assimilatory environments before stops, there is no attempt at imitating the French nasal vowels which are fully adapted to native German oral vowel + nasal consonant sequences. In contrastive, non-assimilatory environments before fricatives (more generally, continuants) and in absolute word-final position, on the other hand, there is a more conscious attempt at imitating the French nasal vowels, although in the mouths of northern monolingual Germans, imitation fails and partial adaptation to native V[η] sequences results. It is argued that V[η] sequences come closest to nasal vowels, phonetically speaking, and represent an, albeit unsuccessful, attempt at imitation. Furthermore, the pronunciations listed in the dictionaries for words containing more than one nasal vowel in French suggest that successful imitation starts in word-final position. Both phonological and phonetic factors are suggested to account for the contextual differences. Lastly, it is shown that the synchronic continuum of realizations for nasal vowels in French loanwords in German corresponds to the successive stages typically found in the development of distinctive nasalization in languages.

Germanizmy leksykalne wśród Barbaryzmów i dziwolągów językowych

The authors of the article discuss linguistic material excerpted from a small-scale book written by Józef Bliziński and entitled Barbaryzmy i dziwolągi językowe [Barbarisms and linguistic oddities] published in Cracow towards the end of the nineteenth century. The source material for the analysis and the main focus of the authors are the borrowings from the German language. The book, written by an eminent comedy writer, deals with the correctness and the accepted standards of the Polish language in the then Austrian-partitioned Poland. As one might expect, since the target readers for this linguistic handbook were the inhabitants of Galicia in Eastern Europe, it would include mostly Germanisms. The analysis of the book, however, has proved that German loan words in Blizinski’s book are rather scarce. Nearly a half from the fifteen words considered as Germanisms by Blizinski could have French origins (although they might have been borrowed to the Polish language through the German medium). On the other hand, the book includes six words that may be Germanisms but that were not assigned by the author to the group of German borrowings.

Per un approfondimento dei germanismi dell’Epistula Anthimi de observatione ciborum: bridum / spiss, sodinga / prue

Anthimus De observatione ciborum, a letter on dietetics written during the 6 th century AD and addressed to Theuderic king of the Franks, has been debated for many years because of its particular language. Anthimus was a Byzantine physician who wrote his letter in Vulgar Latin, but he also used and adopted many foreign loanwords in his treatise. In particular, words which may be considered of Germanic origin (brado, bridum, fartalia, fenea, gavata, medus, melca, sodinga) have caused translators and commentators many difficulties, because of their nonunivocal interpretation. The aim of this article is to offer a short contribution to the explanation of two of these Germanic loanwords (bridum and sodinga) by means of a comparison made between the Latin text by Anthimus and its translation in Early New High German, which, of course, can not be considered as the definite solution to their problematical interpretation, but nevertheless can show how these words were understood during the 15 th century in German area.

Gender Variation of English, French, Italian, and Spanish Loanwords in German

Gender Variation of English, French, Italian, and Spanish Loanwords in German

Phonology and Morphology of the Germanic Languages

Contents: Section I: Phonology: Kristjan Arnason, Vowel shortness in Icelandic. - Janet Grijzenhout, The role of coronal specification in German and Dutch phonology and morphology. - Albert Ortmann, Consonant epenthesis: its distribution and phonological specification. - Tomas Riad, Towards a Scandinavian accent typology. - Section II: Prosodic morphology: Birgit Alber, Stress preservation in German loan words. - Geert Booij, Phonological output constraints in morphology. - Chris Golston/Richard Wiese, The structure of the German root. - Harry van der Hulst/Jan G. Kooij, Prosodic choices and the Dutch nominal plural. - Ingo Plag, Morphological haplology in a constraint-based morpho-phonology. - Section III: Morphology: Martin Neef, A case study in declarative morphology: German case inflection. - Carsten Steins, Against arbitrary features in inflection: Old English declension classes. - Susi Wurmbrand, Heads or phrases? Particles in particular.

Language and History in the Early Germanic World

Introduction Part I. The Germanic World: 1. Religion 2. Law 3. Kinship 4. Warfare 5. People and army 6. Lordship 7. Kingship Part II. Contact with the Non-Germanic World: 8. Contact with the Celts 9. The migration of the Goths 10. Germanic loanwords in Latin 11. Latin loanwords in Germanic 12. Trade and warfare with the Romans 13. Names of the days of the week 14. The vocabulary of writing Part III. Contact with Christianity: 15. Problems of Christianisation 16. The influence of provincial Roman Christianity 17. The influence of Gothic 18. The influence of the Merovingian Franks 19. The influence of the Anglo-Saxons 20. Contrasts in Christian vocabulary 21. The vocabulary of ethics and fate Bibliography Index of words.

German loanwords and cultural stereotypes

An analysis of loanwords from German into English, found through computer-assisted lexical research

German Loanwords in English: An Historical Dictionary

German Loanwords in English: An Historical Dictionary

The Role of German Loanwords in the Slavic Languages of the Former Habsburg Empire

Au cours des cent dernieres annees, l'Empire des Habsbourg a vu naitre differentes langues nationales : tcheque, slovaque, slovene, croate. Dans ce contexte multilingue, c'est l'allemand qui servit de lingua franca a travers tout l'Empire. L'A. tente de determiner le role des items lexicaux empruntes a l'allemand dans la dichotomie entre l'usage oral et l'usage ecrit de la langue