German Community Research Articles

Entre Contact Zones y Safe Houses: las comunidades étnicas ante el estado-nación argentino

Proponemos adaptar los conceptos formulados por Pratt (1991) en Arts of the Contact Zone como herramientas teóricas capaces de analizar las estrategias desplegadas por distintos colectivos étnicos asentados en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX para acomodarse a las coyunturas políticas de la sociedad porteña. Para esto, exhibiremos, mediante los proyectos educativos de distintas escuelas bilingües y las acciones de la colectividad alemana en la ciudad durante la Gran Guerra, como estas desarrollaron “espacios seguros” donde resignificaban su identidad colectiva sin desvincularse del Estado-nación argentino ni ocultando su componente étnico.

“German Issue” in Crimea during the First World War

The article describes the specifics of the campaign that unfolded during World War I to combat “German dominance” in Crimea. Special attention is paid to the ideological component of this process, which, in particular, manifested itself in the confrontation between the newspaper Yuzhnoye Slovo, which was close to the provincial administration, and the newspaper Yuzhnye Vedomosti, which defended the pro-German position of the local zemstvo (county council). From the first days of the war, two concepts were actively used in the Crimean press: the unification of all peoples of the region in the face of danger, and Germany as the main culprit of the war. The latter inevitably gave rise to a negative attitude towards the German community in Crimea. Examples of intolerance towards the Germans and discussions on the “German issue” that developed on the pages of the press are provided. The anti-German campaign resulted in the renaming of settlements. Examples of loyalty to Russia by Crimean Germans are considered. Measures taken in the Taurida province to eliminate German land tenure are analyzed. The local zemstvo organized a deputation to Petrograd, which was supposed to achieve a softening or abolition of the liquidation legislation. At the same time, the right-wing circles saw the liquidation as a tool for the forced Russification of Crimea and the strengthening of state positions in the multinational border region. In fact, the struggle against “Germanism” led to a socio-economic crisis in the Taurida province.

Reorganizing stroke and neurological intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has dramatically imposed healthcare systems to reorganize their departments, including neurological wards. We aimed to describe the rearrangements made by stroke units (SU) and neurological intensive care units (ICU) in several German community and university hospitals facing the pandemic. This cross-sectional, survey-based, nationwide study collected data of 15 university and 4 community hospitals in Germany, being part of IGNITE Study Group, from April 1 to April 6, 2020. The rearrangements and implementation of safety measures in SUs, intermediate care units (IMC), and neurological ICUs were compared. 84.2% of hospitals implemented a separated area for patients awaiting their COVID-19 test results and 94.7% had a dedicated zone for their management. Outpatient treatment was reduced in 63.2% and even suspended in 36.8% of the hospitals. A global reduction of bed capacity was observed. Hospitals reported compromised stroke treatment (52.6%) and reduction of thrombolysis and thrombectomy rates (36.8%). All hospitals proposed special training for COVID-19 management, recurrent meetings and all undertook measures improving safety for healthcare workers. In an unprecedented global healthcare crisis, knowledge of the initial reorganization and response of German hospitals to COVID-19 may help finding effective strategies to face the ongoing pandemic. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Dürer's Rhinoceros

Dürer's Rhinoceros Leanne Ogasawara (bio) Does a rhinoceros make the perfect gift for a Portuguese King? And can an imaginary rhinoceros be so compelling that it creates a parallel reality? Why has this impossible creature, real and conjured, charged through our imagination over the centuries? Click for larger view View full resolution News of the miraculous creature's arrival in Lisbon had spread throughout Europe. The year was 1515, and a rhinoceros had not been seen on the continent for over a thousand years. Excitement was high, and crowds flocked to the city to try and catch a glimpse of the mythical one-horned beast. Was it part-dragon? Part-unicorn? People marveled. Protected in strong armor resembling that of a medieval knight and equipped with a deadly horn, it seemed ready to go to war. Who wouldn't be gobsmacked? Amidst all the excitement, we know that at least one German merchant included a sketch of the animal in a report he sent to the German community back in Nuremberg. This is surely how Albrecht Dürer, one of the greatest artistic geniuses the world has ever known, came to create his iconic woodcut of an Indian rhinoceros—without ever having seen one in person. Dürer's rhinoceros would far outlive its subject, becoming the definition of the animal in Europe for hundreds of years to come. It is interesting to consider that up until the 1930s, school textbooks in Germany were [End Page 140] illustrated with the Dürer rhino as a faithful image of the animal, despite the fact that it was fantastically inaccurate. Wait! "fantastically inaccurate?" The original merchant's sketch from which Dürer made his picture has been lost, but somehow Dürer's rhinoceros is not only clearly recognizable as an Indian rhinoceros, but it captures much of the spirit of the animal. Solitary and unchallenged, Dürer's rhinoceros dominates the pictorial space. A tour de force. Dürer is well-known for his animal drawings. Like his famous hare or his little owl, they are "better than a trip to the zoo," some say. And his rhino is no less inspired. Sure, maybe a real rhinoceros is not covered in hard plates—but how could he resist, since the artist was legendary for his paintings of princely armor. Nor does a rhinoceros have scales on its legs and hindquarters. Yet, look at the accuracy in the way he drew its wart-like bumps. With so much to look at in the picture, you would be forgiven for ignoring that eye. Strangely tired and world-weary expression, it haunts the picture. And those protruding ribs, do they suggest the animal was half-starved from its long ocean voyage? We can only imagine how someone in Renaissance Europe would have reacted to this print, for it looked like nothing else they might have seen in life or portrayed in paintings or books. Not even a dragon appeared as unworldly. It must have been more like seeing a creature from a Bosch painting come to life. But where on earth did the Portuguese king find such a creature? It turns out that the rhinoceros was a gift from the Sultan of Gujarat, who—thank you very much—did not care to give in to the Portuguese request of setting up a trading post on the Island of Diu, just off the coast of his kingdom. This was in the early days of the Portuguese colonies in India—but already, the Kingdom of Gujarat had had a front row seat as the Portuguese took over the Malabar coast, just to their south. Trying to put off the pesky foreigners as long as possible without having to go to war, the sultan sent the emissaries back to Goa with the rhinoceros. You can almost imagine him laughing to his ministers: "This ought to keep them busy for a while." "A gift for the Viceroy of Goa," the Sultan of Gujarat had said. And: "For your convenience, the animal has been fitted with an iron shackle and a chain around his back leg." This information had been conveyed to the Portuguese Viceroy by the...

German Nationalism and Its Influence on the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland 1917–1939

The roots of German nationalism among members of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland are bound with the activity of German authorities who tried to separate the German community in the occupied Kingdom of Poland during the First World War. German nationalism of the era was based on religious, social, and political factors, such as the idea of a unified German nation both within and outside of the German Reich. According to this idea, the German state was to be the defender of the German people worldwide. Such ideas woke the separatist tendencies inside the Augsburg Church. The political situation in the Second Polish Republic and spread of the national socialist ideology in the 1930s increased the separatist tendencies in the Church and led to a conflict with its pro-governmental Consistory and the General Superintendent, later Bishop Juliusz Bursche.

Clinical Practices for Rehabilitation Nutrition in Cerebrovascular Disease

Stroke is regularly along with difficulty swallowing and other factors connected with decreased related to vitamins, protein, etc., in food intake. Difficulty swallowing with breathing wishing dangerous lung disease and not enough related to vitamins, protein, etc., in food intake lead to worse result after stroke. This guideline is the first chapter of the guideline Nutrition in nerve-related medical care of the German community of people in the world for Medicine-based Nutrition which itself is one part of a complete and thorough guideline about all areas of Medicine-based Nutrition. The thirty-one recommendations of the guideline are based on a well-thought-out bookrelated search and review. All recommendations were discussed and gave permission at more than two, but not a lot of agreement meetings to discuss things together with the whole DGEM guideline group. The recommendations underline the importance of an early examining and testing so a decision can be made and evaluation of difficulty swallowing and give opinions about what could or should be done about a situation for an events that prove something based and complete and thorough related to vitamins, protein, etc., in food management to avoid breathing in, not getting enough healthy food and not having enough water.

Prodor nacionalsocijalizma - Nemci Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941. godine

The German community of the Yugoslav Kingdom was, for the most part, concentrated in the territory of today's Vojvodina. Their centuries-long presence in this area indicates their readiness to live in a multinational environment, but also their ambition to live better than others, both in a cultural and economic sense. The attitude of this community towards the newly formed Yugoslav state was cautious, marked by concern and reserve, but it was not as negative as the one seen in the Hungarian community. The Germans intended to preserve their cultural identity through the organization of associations, and then to found a party. Their ambitions grew with the strengthening of the Third German Reich, when their political manifestation became more provocative and militant.

USING THE SIMULATED PATIENT METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF COUNSELLING IN GERMAN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FROM 2005 TO 2018

The simulated patient methodology (SPM) is a form of participatory observation and can be used to assess the quality of counselling. The aim is to review those papers reporting the use of the SPM in German community pharmacies (CPs) from the beginning of 2005 to the end of 2018. The reporting items in the study were derived from the PRISMA Statement. We conducted a systematic search in the GVK-Plus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Additional sources included the personal literature collection of 1 of the reviewers and the reference lists from international systematic reviews and potentially relevant papers. The quality of the papers included was evaluated using the AXIS tool. A total of 5 papers were included. The SPM that was used varied greatly in the papers. The quality of counselling was assessed in the papers as being rather poor. The quality of the papers differed for specific assessment criteria. Only an extremely small number of papers could be included, in contrast to other countries. The papers for Germany demonstrate that there is a considerable need for improvement in the quality of counselling in CPs. Also, the deficits identified here for the application of the SPM should be avoided in future papers. It must also be recommended that the SPM be reported in future papers using uniform reporting standards, which are yet to be developed, to ensure better comparability.

Partnership Living Arrangements of Immigrants and Natives in Germany.

This paper compares the partnership arrangements of Turkish and Ethnic German immigrants (i.e., return migrants from Ethnic German communities from predominantly Eastern European countries), the two largest migrant groups in Germany, and native Germans. Most existing analyses of migrants' partnerships focus on intermarriage, marriage formation, or union dissolution. We know only a little, however, about the prevalence of non-marital living arrangements. Given that single person households and cohabitation are widespread phenomena mainly in post-materialist societies, analyzing whether immigrants engage in these behaviors sheds light on potential adaptation processes. The analyses are based on the German Microcensus of the years 2009 and 2013, with a focus on adults in the 18–40 age group. First, we present descriptive findings on the prevalence of partnership arrangements of immigrants and native Germans. Second, we estimate cross-sectional regressions with the partnership arrangement as the outcome variable in order to control for compositional differences between immigrant groups with respect to education. Our results show that while the vast majority of first-generation immigrants are married, the share of married natives is considerably smaller. Living in an independent household without a partner and cohabitation are rare phenomena among immigrants. By contrast, about one in seven natives is cohabiting and more than one quarter is living in an independent household without a partner. The most prevalent partnership living arrangement of the Turkish second generation is living in the parental household without a partner. These results are robust after controlling for education, age, and year in the multiple regression analysis.

Negative Identity of Russian Germans

The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the complex ethnic identity of Russian Germans, namely, its negative inversion. Events of the second half of the 20th century. in the ethnic history of the German community (deportation, labor army, special settlement) became factors in the formation of negative identity. It was expressed in public contempt, insults and humiliation towards the Russian Germans. In this regard, the Germans renounced their ethnicity, changed their personal names and surnames, and rewrote their nationality. The Germans turned out to be the only people who were not fully rehabilitated among those who were subject to repression and deportation, since the territorial autonomy, lost in 1941, was not restored. The negative identity of Russian Germans is a situational phenomenon that is associated with the influence on it, firstly, of historical events, secondly, the political actions of the authorities, and thirdly, public mood and opinion. The article is based on materials from field ethnographic expeditions, archival data and sources of personal origin.

What is the attitude towards and the current practice of information exchange during self-medication counselling in German community pharmacies? An assessment through self-report and non-participant observation.

BackgroundGuidelines encourage relevant information exchange between pharmaceutical staff and patients during self-medication consultation. Thereby, assessing the patient’s situation and providing information is crucial for patient safety. So far, limited studies have investigated this information exchange, particularly in Germany. We aimed to assess the attitude towards and the current practice of guideline-recommended information exchange in German community pharmacies.MethodsIn total, twelve guideline-recommended parameters were predefined for gathering patient-related information and for the provision of information. These information exchange parameters were evaluated in two parts: Firstly, in a self-report of pharmaceutical staff via an online questionnaire to assess the reported importance, difficulty and frequency of the parameters as well as barriers to their implementation; secondly, in a non-participant observation in five pharmacies to evaluate the actual consultation practice.ResultsIn the self-report, all parameters were rated by more than 76% of 1068 participants as important. ‘Concurrent medication’ was determined to be the most difficult parameter to address (54%). All parameters of information gathering were rated to be addressed during routine counselling by at least 70% of the respondents. Parameters of information provision were all rated to be addressed by at least 45%. ‘Lack of patient’s interest’ was identified as the most frequent barrier to appropriate counselling (84%). During the observation, the information gathering parameters were each addressed between 8 to 63% in the consultations, parameters of information provision between 3 to 34%.ConclusionDespite broad acceptance, the guideline parameters of information exchange were comparatively little addressed during the actual routine care. This might be due to a perceived ‘lack of patient’s interest’ in counselling. Our results suggest to scrutinize whether patients are in fact not interested in counselling and to further explore how the positive intention of pharmaceutical staff towards information exchange can be further translated into everyday practice.

Nemeckie predprinimateli Sankt-Peterburga — postavshchiki Imperatorskogo dvora v konce XIX — nachale XX v.

The article deals with the ethnic composition of a special group of entrepreneurs in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who had the privilege of being suppliers to the Imperial court. The capital’s German community in this group was represented by many well-known names of Russian and foreign entrepreneurs. The article presents an overview of the main directions of supply of goods and services for the Imperial court, in which the St. Petersburg Germans actively participated.

Competing Nationality Politics Targeting German Communities at the Hungarian-Romanian Border Zone after the Great War

In my study, I focus on the events that took place in the short period after the Great War ended (1918) and before the consolidation of Romanian power in the Hungarian-Romanian Border Commission (1922) from the point of view of the artificially created ethnic category: the Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians. The historiography related to the “ethnographic” aspects of these events have appeared multiple times and in several contexts and forms in the years since. However, the question of ethnicity has not arisen in relation to the population of German descent, but rather in relation to the Hungarian-speaking Greek Catholic communities of Romanian and Rusyn/Ruthenian origin who were treated by the Romanian side as Magyarized Romanians. Following this example, the Romanians later began to collect data on the Magyarized Germans, which they then presented to the Border Commission. Germans living in the territory witnessed a strong competition between identity politics and discourse supported by rival Hungarian and Romanian states. One of the key features of this rivalry was the intensive propaganda activity promoted by both the Romanian and the Hungarian authorities to gain territories to the detriment of the other.

The Quality of Counselling for Oral Emergency Contraceptive Pills-A Simulated Patient Study in German Community Pharmacies.

Background: In Germany, there are two different active substances, levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), available as emergency contraception (the “morning after pill”) with UPA still effective even 72 to 120 h after unprotected sexual intercourse, unlike LNG. Emergency contraceptive pills have been available without a medical prescription since March 2015 but are still only dispensed by community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to determine the counselling and dispensing behaviour of pharmacy staff and the factors that may influence this behaviour in a scenario that intends that only the emergency contraceptive pill containing the active substance UPA is dispensed (appropriate outcome). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the form of a covert simulated patient study in a random sample of community pharmacies stratified by location in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and reported in accordance with the STROBE statement. Each pharmacy was visited once at random by one of four trained test buyers. They simulated a product-based request for an emergency contraceptive pill, stating contraceptive failure 3.5 days prior as the reason. The test scenario and the evaluation forms are based on the recommended actions, including the checklist from the Federal Chamber of Pharmacies. Results: All 199 planned pharmacy visits were carried out. The appropriate outcome (dispensing of UPA) was achieved in 78.9% of the test purchases (157/199). A significant correlation was identified between the use of the counselling room and the use of a checklist (p < 0.001). The use of a checklist led to a significantly higher questioning score (p < 0.001). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, a higher questioning score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.22–1.63; p < 0.001) and a time between 12:01 and 4:00 p.m. (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.13–5.73; p = 0.024) compared to 8:00 to 12:00 a.m. were significantly associated with achieving the appropriate outcome. Conclusions: In a little over one-fifth of all test purchases, the required dispensing of UPA did not occur. The use of a counselling room and a checklist, the use of a checklist and the questioning score as well as the questioning score and achieving the appropriate outcome are all significantly correlated. A target regulation for the use of a counselling room, an explicit guideline recommendation about the use of a checklist, an obligation for keeping UPA in stock and appropriate mandatory continuing education programmes should be considered.

Development and implementation of blood pressure screening and referral guidelines for German community pharmacists.

Involvement of community pharmacists in the detection and control of hypertension improves patient care. However, current European or North‐American guidelines do not provide specific guidance how to implement collaboration between pharmacists and physicians, especially when and how to refer patients with undetected or uncontrolled hypertension to a physician. The German Society of Cardiology and the ABDA – Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists developed and tested referral recommendations for community pharmacists, embedded in two guideline worksheets. The project included a guideline‐directed blood pressure (BP) measurement and recommendations when patients should be referred to their physician. A “red flag” referral within 4 weeks was recommended when SBP was >140 mm Hg or DBP >90 mm Hg (for subjects <80 years), and >160 mm Hg or >90 mm Hg (≥80 years) in undetected individuals, or >130 mm Hg or >80 mm Hg (<65 years) and >140 mm Hg or >80 mm Hg (≥65 years) in treated patients. BP was measured in 187 individuals (86 with known hypertension, mean [±SD] age 62 ± 15 years, 64% female, and 101 without known hypertension, 47 ± 16 years, 75% female) from 17 community pharmacies. In patients with hypertension, poorly controlled BP was detected in 55% (n = 47) and were referred. A total of 16/101 subjects without a history of hypertension were referred to their physician because of uncontrolled BP. Structured BP testing in pharmacies identified a significant number of subjects with undetected/undiagnosed hypertension and patients with poorly controlled BP. Community pharmacists could play a significant role in collaboration with physicians to improve the management of hypertension.

Analysis of the Operation Logic of German Community Foundations from the Perspective of Civil Society

Analysis of the Operation Logic of German Community Foundations from the Perspective of Civil Society

Medication Review by Community Pharmacists for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Routine Care: Results of the DIATHEM-Study.

Most elderly patients with type 2 diabetes take multiple drugs. Earlier studies in other countries suggested that interdisciplinary medication reviews are beneficial for these patients regarding medication safety and therapy optimization. In Germany, medication reviews by community pharmacies are rarely performed, although it is a service stipulated in the “Apothekenbetriebsordnung” (rules governing the operation of pharmacies in Germany) since 2012. Therefore, the aim of the DIATHEM study (type 2 DIAbetes: optimizing THErapy by Medication review in community pharmacies) was to evaluate the impact of medication reviews from German community pharmacies under real-life conditions. Primary outcomes were: identification of drug related problems (DRPs) and to evaluate to what extent they could be solved by the medication review. Secondary outcomes were: evaluation of changes in the number of drugs and the interdisciplinary cooperation between pharmacists and physicians. In a single arm interventional study, 121 patients aged 65 or older with type 2 diabetes, taking at least five drugs for long-term treatment were provided with one medication review between February 2016 and April 2017. Physicians were not pre-informed about the review and neither patients nor physicians nor the 13 participating community pharmacies were reimbursed for their contributions to the study. For 121 patients, 586 DPRs were identified (4.84 DRPs per patient) of which 31.6% were related to the antidiabetics. Due to the medication review, 46.9% of these DRPs could be completely resolved, indicating a statistically significant decline from 4.84 DRPs to 2.57 DRPs per patient (p < 0.001). The average number of drugs was significantly reduced from 9.5 drugs (standard deviation, SD = 2.9) to 9.3 drugs (SD = 2.8) per patient (p < 0.001). The pharmacists received feedback for 76.7% of the intervention proposals sent to the physicians. In total 59.5% of the intervention proposals were accepted, of which 643 (85.3%) were accepted and fully implemented. In conclusion, the study shows that medication reviews performed by community pharmacists under routine care conditions reduced the frequency and number of DRPs, even though the pharmacies had to face obstacles such as lack of cooperation by the prescriber or lack of reimbursement.

Evidence-based self-medication: development and evaluation of a professional newsletter concept for community pharmacies

Background Providing evidence-based care is recognized as a key competence for all healthcare professionals. In order to support community pharmacists in evidence-based self-medication counseling, the umbrella organization of German pharmacists initiated the development of a nationwide concept. The key element of the concept was a professional newsletter that should help pharmacists incorporate research findings into their daily counseling practice. Objective To develop, implement and evaluate the professional newsletter concept. Setting German community pharmacies. Method Clinical pharmacists from a German university compiled and synthesized clinical trial data in a professional newsletter that would supply community pharmacists with evidence-based information on common over-the-counter medicines as well as instructions for searching and appraising scientific literature. The electronic newsletter was offered to interested community pharmacists free of charge, once or twice a month, after they signed up for a subscription. About one year after the publication of the first newsletter issue, the subscribers were invited to take part in an anonymous cross-sectional online survey. In all, 21 newsletter issues were published through the end of the survey period. Main outcome measure Perceived value of the professional newsletter with 10 predefined objectives. Results A total of 1975 persons subscribed to the professional newsletter. Of those, 150 persons working in community pharmacies completed the survey. Most of them perceived the synthesized information as ‘useful’ (81–95%). They attributed positive changes in knowledge (89%), skills (87–91%), awareness (85%), and motivation (67–77%) to the newsletter. However, almost half of them (43%) found it difficult to incorporate reading the newsletter in their everyday working life. Free-text feedback suggested that further modifications should be considered to facilitate a better integration of the newsletter into everyday pharmacy practice. Conclusion A nationwide provided professional newsletter can play a vital part in supporting pharmacists in evidence-based self-medication counseling. However, the practicability of such a newsletter needs to be further improved and the newsletter should be accompanied by additional measures.

VILLAGES WITH FORTIFIED CHURCHES IN TRANSYLVANIA: ARCHITECTURE, HISTORY AND INTANGIBLE CULTURE

Abstract. Romania's significant German (Saxon) heritage is perfectly conserved in southern Transylvania, where Saxons arrived in the mid-1100s from the Rhine and Moselle river regions. Highly respected for their skill and talent, this population succeeded in gaining administrative autonomy, a feat practically unrivalled through a feudal Europe of absolute monarchies. The result of almost nine centuries of existence of the Saxon (German) community in southern Transylvania is still visible today in a stunning melting pot of cultural and architectural heritage, unique in Europe. Within the framework of the project “3d Past, Living &amp;amp; virtual visiting European World Heritage” the set of 7 villages (Biertan, Câlnic, Dârjiu, Prejmer, Saschiz, Valea Viilor, Viscri) listed by UNESCO since 1993, have been studied in detail. Strategies for maintenance and conservation have been analysed in order to contribute to the awareness and preservation of the principles of authenticity and integrity of those sites.

The association of chronic anxiousness with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the community: results from the Gutenberg Health Study

In a large German community sample of adults, we investigated the association of chronic anxiousness with cardiovascular disease and mortality. Self-reported anxiousness from 11,643 German adults between 40 and 80 years of age from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) was analyzed over 5 years. Multivariable regression modeling assessed the relation between the variables, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Twelve percent of the participants reported consistently raised (chronic) anxiousness over at least 2.5 years. Anxiousness was more often reported by female, younger participants with a lower socioeconomic status, smokers and those with a family history of stroke and myocardial infarction. New onset of cardiovascular disease was linked to chronic anxiousness in men and new onset of anxiousness in women. However, chronic anxiousness did not predict all-cause mortality. Our results revealed that anxiousness is highly prevalent in German adults from middle to old age, affecting women in particular. In our study, we found sex-specific associations between new onset of cardiovascular disease and different forms of anxiousness in men and women. We suggest that even subclinical levels of anxiety need to be considered as cardiovascular risk factors. To elucidate potential harm of anxiousness for mental and physical health, we propose sex-specific analyses in further research studies, taking age and the course of anxiousness into account.