Geometric Planning Research Articles

Recommended procedure for headroom design according to geometric parameters of building structures

The system of Czech technical standards for geometric accuracy assumes that the designer determines the functional geometric parameters for a specific building. By calculation, he verifies them in the so-called “geometric plan” in the project documentation. The functional geometric parameters should be determined primarily for critical elements, i.e. for structures whose geometric accuracy is important for the execution of subsequent works, such as technologies requiring high precision and specific structures. The assumption is that designers will incorporate variations in geometric accuracy primarily in the development of the spatial parameters of the structures, which should ensure that the dimensional requirements for the completed structures will be met. One of these parameters is headroom. The design of headroom must respect the minimum height requirements prescribed by legislation, and where appropriate, by technical standards. At the same time, the design must respect the technological possibilities of the construction of individual structures – geometric deviations. To comply with the dimensional requirements for the completed structures, the geometric accuracy deviations should be determined in accordance with the requirements of the technical standards for the execution of the individual parts of the building structures and/or for their design. The aim of this article is to establish a calculation procedure for determining the safe design clearance so that the requirements of the legislation are met after implementation. The increase is determined based on a calculation procedure of the limiting geometric deviations that may affect the resulting headroom.

Geometric Redesign of Jalan Cisauk–Jaha, Banten with Manual Method (Sta. 0+000-Sta. 0+350)

Expected to guarantee user comfort and safety, enable efficient traffic operations, and simultaneously attract the minimum possible costs in construction and maintenance. The construction of the Jalan Cisauk-Jaha in Banten Province is one of the projects of the Public Works and Planning Office of Banten Province. This paper aims to redesign a safe horizontal alignment for motorists to pass on the Jalan Cisauk–Jaha using the Bina Marga method at STA 0+000 – 0+350 where there is one bend or horizontal alignment. The method used in planning is the Bina Marga method. The research results of the horizontal alignment and geometric planning for the Cisauk–Jaha Highway STA 0+000 – 0+350 time attract the minimum possible costs in construction and maintenance. The construction of the Jalan Cisauk-Jaha in Banten Province is one of the projects of the Public Works and Planning Office of Banten Province. This paper aims to plan a safe horizontal alignment for motorists to pass on the Jalan Cisauk-Jaha using the Bina Marga method at STA 0+000 - 0+350 where there is one bend or horizontal alignment. The method used in planning is the Bina Marga method. The results can be concluded that the Cisauk–Jaha Highway is a class IIA collector road with a width of 7 meters and design speed (VR) of 80 km/hour, design parameters, and a maximum slope (e) of 8%. From the calculation, the design radius (R) is 210 m, with the intersection angle (°) of 48°, the horizontal curved length (Lc) of 196.43 m, the maximum slope (e) of 8%, and the road terrain class being a flat area.

Proportion and Disproportion in the Late Gothic Layout of the Charterhouse of Jerez (Cádiz, Spain)

The construction of a large and complex monastery such as the Charterhouse of Jerez required a precise geometric plan, the layout, which once deployed on the ground becomes the shape control system of the construction process. The basic geometric figure that supports the layout is the square and the variations derived from the ratio between its side and its diagonal. This paper presents the graphic definition of this geometric layout and analyses its persistence over more than three centuries of architectural evolution (fifteenth through eighteenth centuries). During this lengthy process, it has been possible to characterise how the rigour of geometric abstraction, the natural conditions of the ground on which the monastery was founded, and the functional and symbolic demands of the Carthusian order have been balanced. Likewise, there has been an analysis of the situations in which disproportion is imposed: the alteration or abandonment of the geometric plan. These undesirable situations reveal the imposition of existing conditions and the evolution of artistic concepts.

EVALUASI PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN JALAN MUARA SIBERUT KE DESA MALILIMO (STA. 00+000 S/D 13+000) KECAMATAN SIBERUT SELATAN KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI

The construction of a road connecting Muara Siberut Village and Malilimo Village located in the South Siberut District of the Mentawai Islands aims to facilitate transportation flows, connect and open up isolation between 2 regions, namely Muaro Siberut Village and Malilimo Village for the advancement of an area and economic equality. In planning the construction of highways in this writing, it refers to the Geometric planning procedures for Inter-City Roads in 1997 and the Regulations on Geometric Planning for Highways in 1970 issued by the Public Works Service of the Directorate General of Highways. The type of road from Muaro Siberut Village to Malilimo Village is a collector road with class IIA road specifications, pavement width of 2 x 3.5m, planned 22 SCS (Spiral-Circle-Spiral) bends, and 6 FC (Full Circle) bends. (concrete) from Muara Siberut Village to Malilimo Village using rigid concrete pavement types, including: compressive tensile strength of concrete fcf aged 28 days 3.36 Mpa, under foundation CBK (mixed thin concrete) 125 mm, subgrade CBR 3,043 % . 170 mm thick concrete slabKeywords: Geometry Planning Bend S-C-S (Spiral-Circle-Spiral) andf-C (Full Circle), Thickness of Pavement

A Computer-Assisted Approach Regarding the Optimization of the Geometrical Planning of Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy

Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is a surgical procedure often used to eliminate the effects of knee osteoarthritis, a disease that is becoming more widespread worldwide. Optimizing the geometric planning of this operation is a very important preparatory step for the success of the intervention and rapid postoperative recovery. This optimization is performed in two main directions. The first direction evaluates the intraoperative behavior of the tibia during the osteotomy by optimizing four geometric parameters that characterize geometric planning. The second direction aims at a postoperative evaluation of the flat tibia-osteosynthesis assembly taking into account the optimal position on the medial–lateral articular line through which the corrected mechanical axis of the tongue passes and implicitly offloads the transfer from the medial area to the side of the knee. The research methods used are exclusively computer-assisted such as: computer-aided design (hereinafter CAD) for geometric modeling of the tibia taking into account the real bone structure, the finite element method (hereinafter FEM) for performing numerical analyses and design of the experiment (hereinafter DOE) for the design of the research. The results obtained are eloquent and clearly presented and can be important elements for orthopedic doctors at the geometric planning stage of the OWHTO.

PERENCANAAN GEOMETI JALAN REL KERETA API BUKITTINGGI-PAYAKUMBUH STA 94+675-STA 124+526

West Sumatra Province is one of the provinces where the City and Regency have natural resources and many tourist objects. These cities and regencies have natural resources and tourist objects that have their respective advantages. Several cities from the many cities in West Sumatra that have a busy tourist attraction are the cities of Bukittinggi and Payakumbuh. In addition to having many tourist attractions, it also has abundant natural resources such as plantations, forestry, and industry. To visit and transport these resources, it must be supported by proper and adequate transportation facilities. Currently, the transportation used to transport goods and passengers uses roads, so it has the potential to cause problems both in terms of facilities and infrastructure and the emergence of congestion due to heavy traffic. Therefore, an alternative mode of transportation is needed to help reduce the burden of the highway, namely the mode of rail transportation for the smooth flow of distribution of goods and services, so it is felt that the Bukittinggi - Payakumbuh railway line is needed. This line is part of the route traversed by the Trans Sumatra Railway. This railway line is built or reactivated in order to reduce congestion that occurs at certain times. In the process of loading the Bukitinggi - Payakumbuh railway line, a methodology for collecting primary and secondary data, problem identification, literature study and analysis is needed. planning data in the form of design speed analysis, rail analysis and bearing analysis to be used. In this paper, the selection of the route, Geometric Planning, Railroad Construction Planning and at Km 15 is carried out. The selection of the route is based on the design speed of the train plan. Geometric planning using the Railways Management and Engineering method. Railroad construction refers to regulation PD-10 PJKA (1986). The results obtained from this paper are the planning of the railroad route as an alternative mode of transportation along ± 30 km from the City of Bukittinggi - Payakumbuh. So that it can be used as a comparison suggestion for the West Sumatra Provincial Government in building railroads in the future.

Perencanaan Ulang Pelebaran Jalan Ruas Tapan- Batas Bengkulu Sta 224+400 – 225+300

Road infrastructure has a very important role in human life. Roads are the most important infrastructure of land transportation, with access roads from one area to another becoming easier. The development of roads from time to time is also increasing rapidly. The development of land transportation and the development of human activities was also followed by the repair, widening, and opening of new roads as happened in Nagari Tapan, where this nagari is one of the connecting accesses for the Province of West Sumatra and Bengkulu Province. This re-planning uses the 2013 Bina Marga regulation and the 1997 Intercity Road Geometric Planning Procedure (TPGJAK). The redesign process starts with data collection, data analysis, road geometric calculations, pavement thickness and budget plan (RAB). From the results of the calculation of the Geometric Planning of the Bengkulu-Boundary Tapan Road, it can be concluded that the Bengkulu-Boundary Tapan Road is local, with a 2-lane 2-way road type, 2×3.5 meters wide, flat terrain class and a design speed of 40 km/hour. Planning Horizontal alignment is planned for one type of bend in the form of 2 (two) Spiral Circle Spiral bends and vertical alignment is planned for 14 PV Points of Vertical. Based on the results of Flexible Pavement with the 2013 Highways Analysis, the overall pavement thickness is 42 cm, consisting of 4 cm AC-WC thickness, 6 cm AC-BC thickness, 14.5 cm AC-Base thickness, and 17.5 cm sub-base thickness. Flexible Pavement Construction Cost Rp. 5,104,375,000,- (five billion one hundred four million three hundred and seventy five thousand rupiah).

PERENCANAAN GEOMETRIK JALAN TOL CIBITUNG – CILINCING INTERCHANGE TAMBELANG KABUPATEN BEKASI

The regencies of Bekasi, Karawang, and Purwakarta are experiencing rapid economic growth,because they are the center of the largest industrial area in West Java. This condition causes an increase intraffic on the Jakarta-Cikampek toll road to Jakarta or vice versa so that congestion often occurs. To overcomethese problems, it is necessary to build a toll road that can break down congestion on inner city toll roads, theCibitung - Cilincing toll road is made to reduce congestion on inner city toll roads because freight cars can godirectly to the port without having to go through the inner city toll road. . The purpose of this study is to planthe geometry of the toll road, especially in the access ramp section to and from the toll road. Geometricinterchange planning methodology by following the 2001 AASHTO standard, Procedures for GeometricPlanning for Inter-City Roads no. 038/TBM/1997, Geometric Planning Standards for Urban Roads 1992. Fromthese geometric plans selected 1 ramp located at the Tambelang interchange, the geometric planning analysisincludes vertical alignment, horizontal alignment the bend types used in the design include FC, SCS bends, andfor vertical alignments are concave and convex.

Physical model setup and tests on cooling circulation water pumping intake system

Abstract The thermal power plant built by the Taiwan power company intends to use multiple cooling circulation water intake systems to introduce seawater from adjacent sea areas. The water in the front pool of the water inlet is introduced into the pump chamber through the large pump in the circulating water pump sump. The primary function of the pump chamber is to provide a stable and uniform flow condition before the large pump sucks in the seawater. When the hydro-dynamic conditions outside the pumping station are not ideal, and the inflow is relatively unstable, the pumping chamber can provide a buffer space for rectification. In addition, when the flow field near the suction intake of a large pump can maintain a certain degree of stability in space and time, it can reduce the frequency and intensity of the vortex or other harmful factors caused by the flow field. Moreover, a pump sump flow field can also maintain the pump's working efficiency, reducing vibration and maintenance costs. Although the relevant design standards such as the Hydraulic Institute (H.I.) standard in the United States or the British Hydromechanics Research Association (B.H.R.A.) standard in the United Kingdom can be consulted for different types of pumping room geometric layout planning and design recommendations. However, most design references are obtained from the boundary conditions of general cases. Therefore, these design criteria indicate that when the pump room geometry and flow conditions have special considerations or detail design, physical model tests should be conducted to verify it or correct the layout according to the model test results. Because the fluid mechanisms involved in the relevant research are complex, the current theoretical or numerical models are not enough to fully simulate flow fields. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a physical model test based on the feasibility model scale. Based on the similarity theory to scale down prototype structures, the flow mechanism of preliminary design is reproduced, and the revised plan is also verified in the physical model to satisfy the project objectives. The qualitative flow field visualization method was used to observe the free surface vortex, subsurface vortices, and the swirl angle in the suction pipe under different layout schemes at each physical test case. The tested results show that the flow pattern and vortex strength are both acceptable with designed anti-vortex devices.

Geometrical Planning of the Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy—An Experimental Approach

This article presents an experimental approach to the geometrical planning of the medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy surgery which, as it is known, is an efficient surgical strategy quite widely used in treating knee osteoarthritis. While most of the published papers focus on analyzing this surgery from a medical point of view, we suggest a postoperative experimental evaluation of the intervention from a biomechanical point of view. The geometrical planning and, more specifically, the determination of the point of intersection between the corrected mechanical axis and the medial-lateral articular line of the knee, is a problem quite often debated in literature. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the behavior of the tibia with an open wedge osteotomy fixed with a locking plate, TomoFix (DE Puy Synthes), taking into account two positions of the mechanical axis of the leg on the width of the tibial plateau, measured from medial to lateral at 50% and 62.5% (Fujisawa point), respectively. The variations of the force relative to the deformation, strains, and displacements resulting from the progressive loading of the tibial plateau are studied. The research results reveal that using the Fujisawa point is better for conducting the correction not only for medical reasons, but also from a mechanical point of view.

Static Analysis of 23 Storey Building in ETABS with Geometric Plan Irregularities

Static analysis is a simplified method of analysis in which the effect of an immediate change to a system is calculated without regard to the longer-term response of the system to that change. This analysis also deals with calculating the shear force and bending moment parameters for structural members of a building[1]. ETABS stands for Extended 3Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems and is a product of Computers and Structures Inc. It is engineering software that is used in construction for analysis and design of structural elements of a building. It has highly efficient structural analysis and design programs developed for catering to multi-story building systems[2][3]. Our project “Static Analysis of 23 storeys building in ETABS with geometric plan irregularities” is an attempt to analyse a multi storey building using ETABS software. Analysis is carried out by static method as per IS 456 and IS 875:1975 Part 3. The scope of the study is to produce good results of structural analysis of different structural elements of a high rise building.

Multi-maneuver vertical parking path planning and control in a narrow space

The automatic parking system can replace people to complete the parking task and reduce the burden of driving. The size of the parking space affects the number of parking operations and the time for parking planning to be completed. Parking planning in narrow space is a challenging problem, especially in crowded urban environments. This paper presents a parking path planning method in a narrow vertical parking space. First, the parking path planning method can be used in narrow corridor spaces and narrow spots. According to the size of the corridor space and the parking space obtained by the environment perception, this method can determine the number of parking maneuvers and the start parking position. Second, to allow the vehicle to generate a parking path at any position to reach the parking starting point, the system generates a target line set that considers control error factors. It will also select the optimal target line based on the current position. Third, the vehicle cannot complete the parking while traveling along the original parking path when the factual error is greater than the reserved error. Therefore, a re-planning method based on geometric planning is proposed to improve the robustness of the system. Finally, through the establishment of longitudinal and lateral driver models, the effectiveness of the path planning method is verified, and compared with other path planning methods, it proves that the method proposed in this paper performs well in the number of maneuvers and planning time in a small space.

Research paper on improvement of road infrastructure to implement road safety at an intersection of military hospital road.

Geometrical plan lacks on existing streets would prompt an expected mishap, for example, a mishap occurs at the sharp bends, layered asphalt conditions, and dangerous asphalt surface. Street auto collision has been expanding in the Southern Region of Tigray, of which this region was appeared to have disturbing rates. As indicated by the Southern Tigray Regional Police, the more rate of street car crashes were recorded in Garhi, Brimah pull and jekhani regions. This examination study zeroed in on the investigation of auto collisions identified with mathematical plan boundaries of the current black top street. While the information for the investigation covered course information, auto collision report from the police headquarters containing a few wounds, crashes, and destroyed the properties, just as meetings and poll studies to individuals who are straightforwardly engaged with street voyages, are thought of. The essential information has basically covered the math of the street which was estimated during the site study, street security review utilizing the agenda, meeting, and poll study. Then again, the auxiliary information gathered from the traffic the executive’s office in the area workplaces. On this, the outcomes introduced as line diagrams, pie outlines, figures for street car crash and sketch for the proposed improvement in the street plan issue. In view of the aftereffects of the investigation in the year 2015 to year 2019, it discovered that there were 1866 Road Traffic Accidents have been happening nearby the overview street areas. It uncovered that the essential driver of street car crashes in the investigation region exuded from the street plan components because of some mathematical lacks at the auto collision inclined regions uncovered that the essential driver of street car crashes in the examination region radiated from the street plan components because of some mathematical insufficiencies at the car crash inclined regions. Hence, this investigation reasoned that the recurrence of event of street auto collisions and the figure of setbacks is altogetherexpanding. This street mishap would endure if the concerned offices don’t satisfactorily address the disease.

Evaluasi Kinerja Apill dan Geometrik Simpang 3 Sungai Bengkel Kota Bengkalis

Third junction of Sungai Bengkel was a Signalized Intersection which a hasn’t have traffic jam ,which has three approach, are North approach, West approach and East approach. However, the alinyemen for the North approach has problems that make it difficult for vehicles, especially four-wheelers to turn because the effect bottle neck resulting in the slow motion of the vehicle and change of phase time . the problem solving, the evalution of traffic light and intersection geometry were carried out by widening the alinyemen for the North approach and East approaches and doing changes in cycle time. The purpose of evaluating the performance of traffic light and Geometrics at the third intersection of Sungai Bengkel is to determine the value of the degree of saturation and to know the performance of the intersection.At the intersection planning, it refers to the PKJI 2014 for Intersection Performance, while for the Geometrics it refers to Module 4 of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing on Geometric Planning of Plane Intersections.Based on the calculation results of the Sungai Bengkel junction performance indicate that, the degree of saturation < 0.85,which is 0.529 for North, 0.537 for East, and 0.570 for West .With the radius is 15 m, and the cycle time of traffic light 50 second, with the delay time as long as 17 second/pcu

PERENCANAAN ULANG GEOMETRIK JALAN UNTUK QUARRY BENDUNGAN SEMANTOK KABUPATEN NGANJUK (STA 00+000 s/d STA 05+000)

In the Semantok Dam construction project in Nganjuk Regency, local road access to the quarry is required. The road access is needed to support the mobilization of material originating from the quarry. The road will also become a public road and at the same time become a tourist access at the Semantok Dam. And the plan will use rigid pavement as pavement. The data needed for planning is the volume of traffic planning hours, CBR of land, topographic maps, and the price of the main unit of activity (HSPK) in 2019 in Nganjuk Regency. This planning refers to the InterCity Road Geometric Planning Procedure No. 038 / T / BM / 1997, Method of Bina Marga for Pavement Planningfor Cement Concrete Roads SNI Pd T-14-2003, Analysis of Unit Prices by way of Bina Marga No. 28 / PRT / M / 2016. This planning resulted in a road with a length of 5 km, a width of 3.5 m per lane, an undivided 4-lane 2-way road type (4/2 UD), and 2 m wide shoulders; 4 S-C-S bends (Spiral Circle Spiral) and 3 S-S bends (Spiral Spiral) and 3 convex and 4 concave vertical bends; The pavement thickness is 210 mm and the thickness of the road foundation is 150 mm; with a budgetof Rp.34,214,243,074

On the optimal energy efficiency and spectral efficiency trade-off of CF massive MIMO SWIPT system

Energy efficiency is a key requirement for future network design, and user-centric (UC) cell-free (CF) massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) networks can achieve over ten times the energy efficiency. Based on this, this paper studies a CF MIMO simultaneous wireless information and power transmission system and proposes a UC access point (AP) selection method and a trade-off performance optimization scheme for spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. In this system, users have both energy recovery and information transmission functions. According to the difference between the interference in the energy harvesting and information transmission process, a flexible AP selection scheme is designed. Blindly pursuing high spectral efficiency will result in waste of resources. This paper proposes an evaluation index that takes into account both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency, analyses the trade-off between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency, and jointly optimizes the AP selection scheme and the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) time switching ratio to maximize the trade-off performance. Then, the non-convex problem is converted to a geometric planning problem to solve. The simulation results show that by implementing a suitable AP selection scheme and UL and DL time allocation, the information processing scheme on the AP side has a slight loss in spectral efficiency, but the energy efficiency is close to the performance of global processing on the central processing unit.

Linac-based STereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation (STAR) for ventricular tachycardia: a treatment planning study.

To analyze geometrical approaches, prescription modalities, and delivery efficiency for linear accelerator (Linac)-based STereotactic Arrhythmia Radioablation (STAR) for ventricular tachycardia. The anatomy and planning target volume (PTV) of the first Italian STAR patient were used. To assess geometrical approaches, 3 plans prescribed to 75% isodose-line, differing for number, length of arcs, and couch rotations, were generated and compared (Plans#1-3). Volumetric-arc with 6-MV flattening-filter-free (FFF) was employed. To evaluate prescription modality and delivery, the best geometrical plan was compared with other plans prescribed on 70%, 65%, and 60% isodose-line and with another one using 10MV-FFF beams (Plans#4-7). For Plans#1-3, PTV coverage, mean cardiac dose, monitor units (MUs), and beam-delivery-time (BDT) were 96-98.5%, 4.9-5.2Gy, 7047-7790, and 5-6min, respectively. Plans#4-7 were similar in terms of mean cardiac dose, MUs and BDT to Plans#1-3, except in maximum dose and lower time for 10MV-FFF plan. Linac-based STAR is safe and efficient in terms of BDT and MUs. To ensure high dose to PTV, different dose prescription modalities should be evaluated. The 10FFF approach was the faster but not suitable in patient with cardiac implantable electronic devices.

Development of a decision support system in traumatology and orthopedics. Biomechanics as a tool for preoperative planning

The main goal of preoperative planning for patients with pathologies of the musculoskeletal system is to obtain high-quality anatomical and functional results. The solution to this problem could be achieved through the selection of appropriate implants and technique of their installation, which ensure the stability of the structure and reposition of bone fragments, as well as by recreating the optimal biomechanics of the operated segment. All over the world, modern digital technologies are widely introduced into clinical practice. In traumatology, orthopedics and neurosurgery, preoperative planning systems that implement virtual treatment planning allow performing X-ray morphometric measurements on digital radiographs or computed tomography, as well as placing implant templates and selecting their optimal standard size. Typically, several treatment types can be planned for a particular patient, which are successful in terms of geometric preoperative planning. But not each of the planned types can be optimal in terms of assessing the stress-strain state of the studied segment of the spinal pelvic complex. Biomechanical modelling provides the possibility of virtual modelling of orthopedic operations, including the assessment of segment stability and implant "survival". Therefore, it is proposed to use biomechanical modelling as a tool for preoperative planning. In this regard, at the request and with the financial support of the Advanced Research Fund at Saratov University, for the first time, the development of a Russian medical decision support system in surgery of the spinal pelvic complex is being developed, which provides not only the stage of geometric planning of the operation, but also its biomechanical support, as well as predicting treatment results. The aim of this work was to show that biomechanical modelling makes it possible to choose the optimal type of surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the spine-pelvic complex, and can also be successfully introduced into preoperative planning and successfully function within the framework of the medical decision support system. The paper presents the results of demonstration experiments, in which the optimal treatment types for degenerative diseases of the spine and hip joint were selected using the system. The results of the experiments were consistent with the established clinical practice and literature data, and a group of experts confirmed their clinical viability. It was shown that, together with geometric planning, biomechanical modelling forms a new method (algorithm) for preoperative planning.

Effect of Architectural Design Characteristics Affecting Design Simplicity on Affordability Improvement of Core Housing Schemes

Studies identify that architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity enhance core housing affordability. Effect of this attribute for affordability improvement, crucial in establishing design strategies for affordable low-cost urban homes, is lacking. Study examined this effect in Anambra State of Nigeria, using mixed method approach (primary data sourced from personal interviews, and questionnaire on 242 sampled residents from a 540 population. Using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation for analysis, all prototypes were found non-affordable, with p-value of 0.000 for significant variation for affordability. Significant relationship, strong and positive (p-value, 0.000; correlation coefficient 0.778), was established between architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity and affordability. Recommendations for improving core housing affordability include: minimal floor area for initial unit (studio apartments for households earning below N161, 000 monthly, 1-bedroom and 2-bedroom prototypes for those earning between N161, 000 and N200, 000); simple geometric plans; and local building materials for roof covering.

Analysis and Improvement of Geometric Parallel Parking Methods with Respect to the Minimum Final Lateral Distance to the Parking Spot

Nowadays, the autonomous parking and park assist systems are getting more attention since they provide comfort and relief to the drivers and prevent parking-lot accidents. In this paper, we overview several main geometric path planning methods for autonomous parking of non-holonomic vehicles and we analyze their performances with respect to the final lateral distance to the parking spot. To the best of our knowledge, this kind analysis has never been done before for autonomous parallel parking algorithms. Moreover, we provide a new geometric method to reduce the final lateral distance between the vehicle and the parking spot. While the reference methods are insufficient for the final lateral distance, the proposed method introduces a realizable solution for long vehicles and enhances the performance for short vehicles. Simulations which are performed with various types of vehicles provide up to 48% better performance and show the efficiency of the new approach clearly.