Abstract
This article presents an experimental approach to the geometrical planning of the medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy surgery which, as it is known, is an efficient surgical strategy quite widely used in treating knee osteoarthritis. While most of the published papers focus on analyzing this surgery from a medical point of view, we suggest a postoperative experimental evaluation of the intervention from a biomechanical point of view. The geometrical planning and, more specifically, the determination of the point of intersection between the corrected mechanical axis and the medial-lateral articular line of the knee, is a problem quite often debated in literature. This paper aims to experimentally investigate the behavior of the tibia with an open wedge osteotomy fixed with a locking plate, TomoFix (DE Puy Synthes), taking into account two positions of the mechanical axis of the leg on the width of the tibial plateau, measured from medial to lateral at 50% and 62.5% (Fujisawa point), respectively. The variations of the force relative to the deformation, strains, and displacements resulting from the progressive loading of the tibial plateau are studied. The research results reveal that using the Fujisawa point is better for conducting the correction not only for medical reasons, but also from a mechanical point of view.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis is a fairly common condition that occurs among adults worldwide [1–5]
This disease affects the medial area of the knee by progressively wearing off the articular cartilage in this compartment [6,7] and the consequences are the appearance of pain and loss of joint function
The objective of the experiment is to evaluate the behavior of the tibia with an open wedge osteotomy fixed with a locking plate, TomoFix (DE Puy Synthes), taking into account two positions of the mechanical axis of the leg on the width of the tibial plateau
Summary
Osteoarthritis (hereinafter OA) is a fairly common condition that occurs among adults worldwide [1–5]. Most often, this disease affects the medial area of the knee by progressively wearing off the articular cartilage in this compartment [6,7] and the consequences are the appearance of pain and loss of joint function. When the body weight is supported by one leg while walking, 55–75% of these loads are applied to the medial compartment of the knee [2–4] Due to these loads, the wear of the intra-articular cartilage and the increase in the varustype axial deviation progress quite fast, being later amplified by the axial deviations that are likely to appear [12]
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