Geographical Symbols Research Articles

Identity Poetics in Modern Amazigh Poetry: Dramatizing History and Memory in Ali Sidki Azaykou's Poem “Taketbiyt”

AbstractA pioneer of the Amazigh Cultural Movement and modern Amazigh poetics, and one of the first intellectuals to interrogate – from the margin – Moroccan official historiography, Ali Sidki Azaykou has produced two collections of poetry, Timitar (Signs) and Izmuln (Scars), in addition to a posthumous collection, Indguiguen Aghaman (“Eternal Sparks”), appearing in 2019. The present article examines “Taketbiyt” (1971), a poem about the Koutoubia Tower in Marrakesh. While considering the poem, I use Pierre Nora's notion of “site[s] of memory” and Paul Ricœur's “trace of memory” to probe the significance of this centuries-old tower in Azaykou's poetry. I argue that Taketbiyt is evoked as a “site of memory” or a “trace of memory” to both remember and celebrate the forgotten Amazigh ancestry and history. I demonstrate that Azaykou's central concern, through such an act of remembrance, is to interrogate the biased representation of the Moroccan past in the present. As such, the poem complicates Amazigh cultural identity vis-à-vis the hegemony of Moroccan official historiography. Along with an abundance of metaphors, the poem displays an unparalleled allusive diction and a copious array of historical and geographical symbols. I conclude that, with its intellectually-informed theme and its self-consciously weaved form, “Taketbiyt” is a quintessential architype of modern Amazigh poetry.

Creating Sustainable Development of the Destination with Tea Public Version Packaging Design by Obtaining Relational Space Concept

Packaging is crucial for presenting the image of tea tourism destinations. The public version of tea packaging with images of tea sightseeing spots was pervasive, and builds the impression to tourists that they have visited a certain destination. However, with the rise of independent brand thinking and sensory stimulation consumption, the form of tea packaging in the public version has changed to be based on tourists’ purchasing preferences, leading to the diversity of the packaging style and pattern, and the public version of tea packaging gradually loses the function of promoting brand images. Based on the rooted land of oriental tea culture, this research has the following aims: (1) to construct the concept of “Relational Space for Sustainable Public Version of Tea Packaging and its Concept” through a literature review and field investigation; (2) to give contributions to the improvement of the visual aspect of the existing public packaging of tea; (3) to integrate the image of the destination and the private brand image of tea farmers with the public version of tea packaging to enhance the perception and attraction of tourists to the brand image of tea tourism destinations; (4) to design, operate, and test the concept discussed in this study by utilizing experimental design and questionnaire survey and propose application guidelines for this concept design. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The destination images and geographical symbols of the existing public packaging of tea are beneficial to the promotion of the destination image; however, the visual elements that make up these packages are not conducive to the cultural richness of the destination because of their single relational context, which leads to the solidification of the destination image. (2) The design application guidelines proposed in this study present the concept of destination branding and private branding as a complement to each other by adjusting the packaging layout to create a mutually beneficial partnership visually embodied in the public tea packaging design. Packaging accessories are central to the partnership between the destination and the local industry, and the public tea packaging design created by this concept creates a richness and specificity of the destination’s brand image. In this way, the destination’s industry and brand image will develop in a diverse and multifaceted way to achieve the sustainability of the destination’s industry.

Climatic Suitability Zoning of Tea Planting in Mainland China

Starting from the national scale and annual level, the potential climate factors are interpolated into 10 km×10 km grid data based on the daily data set of 1903 weather stations from 1961 to 2019 across the country, and a tea plant distribution dataset consisting 1115 records is established. Using the maximum entropy model and GIS technology, the dominant climatic factors affecting tea plant in mainland China are screened according to the contribution percentage and Jackknife method, and the climatic suitability zoning of tea plant is divided into 4 grades: Unsuitable, sub-suitable, suitable and optimum, using the natural break point classification method. The threshold values of dominant climate factors for different division levels are determined and the climate characteristics of tea suitable zones are analyzed. The result shows that the maximum entropy model constructed based on the dominant affecting climatic factors is suitable for climatic suitability zoning of tea plant. The dominant climatic factors affecting the distribution of tea plant are averaged extreme minimum temperature, the frequency of spring frost, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and averaged relative humidity from March to September. The zoning results by the model are in good agreement with the distribution of famous tea towns and the location of geographical symbol tea. The changes of areas suitable for tea plant in different periods are also studied, and it shows that the north boundary of the tea plant suitable area for the six decadal periods from 1961 to 2019 is roughly the same, and all regions show a decreasing distribution trend from high latitudes in the east to low latitudes in the west. The areas where the northern boundary moves obviously are mainly in the high-latitude provinces in the east. The decadal variation of the centroid of the overall tea plant suitable area is relatively slight: The suitable areas expand northwards gradually except for the 1960s-1970s and the 1980s-1990s. These results provide a scientific basis for rational planning of tea planting layout and scientific development of tea industry. The zoning method adequately considers climatic conditions of the study area under natural conditions. However, other factors such as land use types, soil conditions, and tea varieties are not fully considered, and the interpolation method does not consider the influence of altitude on meteorological elements, which makes the result of area optimum for tea planting larger than reality.

Digitizing and Interpreting the World Map Drawn by Kashgarli Mahmud: Constructing Information Using Evidence Based Political Literacy

In this study, a world map featured in Divan-i Lugati't-Turk and drawn by Kashgarli Mahmud was made interactive through the use of Seyyah, a geographic information system (GIS) application developed in response to ADDIE, an instructional design teaching model. The geographical symbols and notes on the world map drawn by Kashgarli Mahmud were transferred to Seyyah's database so evidence-based learning could occur. The aim of the research is to evaluate the process of transforming the information obtained by the Social Studies teacher candidates with evidence into a jointly structured knowledge with the political literacy skill. The study is a qualitative action research project using a technical, scientific and collaborative approach. In this context, descriptive analysis was used to interpret the political literacy information which was interpreted and organised by Social Science teacher candidates into Seyyah's database. A standardized open-ended interview was conducted with the teacher candidates to detect the relationship between the use of Seyyah with evidence-based learning, political literacy and culture, the common structuring process and general status of information. Data from ten Social Science teacher candidates was analyzed by content analysis. The Social Science teacher candidates in the study were determined by the maximum diversity method which is a purposeful sampling method. According to the findings from Seyyah's database, Social Studies teacher candidates organised the political literacy information from the world map under four elements: cities; countries; regions and physical geography elements. There were three different categories of political knowledge in other geographical signs and nations themes. Findings obtained from the opinions of candidates show that Seyyah requires the use of high-level thinking skills in evidence-based learning to jointly structure political literacy information in a database, and present and evaluate Turkish culture in a different form.

Population structure, genetic diversity, and selective signature of Chaka sheep revealed by whole genome sequencing

BackgroundChaka sheep, named after Chaka Salt Lake, are adapted to a harsh, highly saline environment. They are known for their high-grade meat quality and are a valuable genetic resource in China. Furthermore, the Chaka sheep breed has been designated a geographical symbol of agricultural products by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture.ResultsThe genomes of 10 Chaka sheep were sequenced using next-generation sequencing, and compared to that of additional Chinese sheep breeds (Mongolian: Bayinbuluke and Tan; Tibetan: Oula sheep) to explore its population structure, genetic diversity and positive selection signatures. Principle component analysis and a neighbor-joining tree indicated that Chaka sheep significantly diverged from Bayinbuluke, Tan, and Oula sheep. Moreover, they were found to have descended from unique ancestors (K = 2 and K = 3) according to the structure analysis. The Chaka sheep genome demonstrated comparable genetic diversity from the other three breeds, as indicated by observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), runs of homozygosity (ROH), linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay. The enrichment analysis revealed that in contrast to Mongolian or Tibetan lineage groups, the genes annotated by specific missense mutations of Chaka sheep were enriched with muscle structure development (GO:0061061) factors including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), and calpain 3 (CAPN3), among others. A genome-wide scan using Fst and XP-CLR revealed a list of muscle-related genes, including neurofibromin 1 (NF1) and myomesin 1 (MYOM1), under potential selection in Chaka sheep compared with other breeds.ConclusionsThe comprehensive genome-wide characterization provided the fundamental footprints for breeding and management of the Chaka sheep and confirmed that they harbor unique genetic resources.

Trademarks and freedom of expression in Icann's new gTLD process

Since the inception of the domain name system, battles have been fought between trademark holders seeking to protect their valuable commercial property in the domain space and those who assert competing interests in a given domain name. While some of these battles have been appropriately resolved in favour of trademark holders, others have been more fraught. Competing interests may include free speech, the protection of cultural and geographical symbols, and the protection of personal names and identities. Additionally, little has been done within the trademark arena to ensure the efficient allocation of domain names between multiple trademark holders with legitimate competing claims in a given domain name or set of domain names. Because trademark law is territorially limited and trademark rights are granted for specific product and service markets, it is not unusual for multiple trademark holders to assert rights in the same domain name.

Innovative Design of Corporate Clothing in Tourism

Corporate clothing in tourism has characteristics that are distinct from other formal uniformed groups. This article deals with innovative approaches and the multifunctional design of corporate clothing in order to satisfy the needs of the end user. The research was limited to the corporate clothing used in the tourism sector, with a focus on accessories as part of corporate clothing, in this case on men’s ties. One of the main questions was how to offer aesthetically pleasing and useful accessories for corporate clothing in the tourismsector, using a recognisable geographical symbol or a traditional story. The method of gathering and analysing information with the help of a survey, fashion design research, and design development was used. The purpose was to design men’s ties that correspond to the requirements of users to offer youthful, relaxed, and innovative ties that reflect the identity of the company. The typical problems with wearing ties, which are uncomfortable and feel hot when worn, were considered. Development from the idea to the final product was a challenge, as well as the cooperation between the subscriber, the designer, the suggested manufacturer and the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering,University ofMaribor; all needed to work together to satisfy the end user. A tie was developed in the shape of an innovative, buttoned band that could replace the traditional tie and give the user much more freedom when wearing it in different weather conditions. At the same time, the tie maintains the elegance expected of a traditional tie. The surface is using the unique technique of air lace, which includes storytelling in the design and personalisation in the making. The design took a sustainable approach, which results in the use of significantly less material. The combination of the above features represents an innovative approach to developing fashion accessories for corporate clothing design. Keywords: corporate clothing, innovative accessories, multi-functionality, functional design, tie, tourism https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.11.57-65

Refinement and Screening Geographical Elements and Characteristics of Natural Landscape in Panjin Region

Natural landscape refers to the natural complex formed by the interaction of natural elements. It is the basis for the formation of man-made landscapes. This paper uses Google maps and on-site investigations to investigate the natural landscape in Panjin City and investigate its natural landscape elements such as landforms, vegetation, soil, water bodies, and animals. According to the regional landscape connotation, the assessment criteria for regional landscape elements are determined to screen out regional features. The natural landscape constituent elements refine the characteristics of regional natural landscape elements, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the landscape construction of a region. The result is that the elements of geographical landscape are screened out: vegetation is the dominant factor; landforms and soil are the basic elements; water is the influence factor; birds and river crabs are the ecological elements. Characteristics of regional components in Panjin region are by a wide and flat terrain, vertical and horizontal rivers, and tidal creeks. The plants are relatively single, there are few woody plants, and there are many salt-tolerant wet plants. Large areas of 'Red Beach', vast reed marshes, reed meadows, and red and green dynamic zonal shoal landscapes have a distinct color season. It creates a diverse ecological environment for birds and crabs. Large-scale groups have also become the most symbolic geographical symbol in Panjin region.

Research and Cooperation Conceptions on the Protection of China-ASEAN Geographical Indications under the Trips Agreement

ASEAN is one of the most significant business partners of China. This article analyzes the application of the international agreement on the protection of geographical indications from the perspective of protection and collaboration. It also states the constructive situation between the protection of geographical indications and the administrative system. It asserts that the collaboration under the geographical symbols area of China-ASEAN carries significant stagy meanings in politics, economy and diplomacy and a serious of constructions to establish this collaborative system. What's more, this paper advises the concluding these core contents illustrated as follows: China-ASEAN Expo as a platform for the results of the protection of geographical indications, holding, establishing topic platform of the geographical remarks and registered system of geographical symbols of China-EU.

Gastronomy Valley : la gourmandise géographique

AbstractBorn of President François Hollande’s territorial reforms, the new administrative entity constituted by the region Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne has been promoted to the rank of “world valley of gastronomy” through a series of initiatives developed by the city of Lyon. While its goal is to renew our views on food, to enrich them, and give them back a geographic substance erased by industrial activity, organizing an alimentary territorial project cannot be done within a productivity-driven agricultural economy. Therefore, we see emerging in this context the concept of new forms of eating that are better connected to territories. Nowadays, food represents a connection with the world articulated through geographic symbols, connecting those who eat with those who produce. It is meant to be a medium that puts in our bodies (in-corporates) what best constitutes the values of the space we live in. Hence the attachment to “regional” products and dishes that become aspects of our personality. Every wine-producing region today has its own oenotourism routes that allow for the discovery of their landscapes, technical and sensory ecosystems, social imaginary, as well as a whole ensemble of ancestral practices that have been cunningly manipulated through the invention of “traditions.” Their exploration thus becomes a chance to re-appropriate a way of eating that has been taken away from eaters by industrial production.RésuméNée de la réforme territoriale du président François Hollande, la nouvelle entité administrative de la région Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne a été promue grâce à une initiative lyonnaise au rang de “vallée mondiale de la gastronomie” s’étendant aujourd’hui au-delà des frontières (MLyon.fr). Si son objectif est de renouveler le regard sur notre alimentation, de l’enrichir, lui donner une substance géographique que l’industrie avait eu tendance à effacer, organiser des projets de territoire autour de la nourriture ne se pense pas toutefois dans une économie agricole productiviste et industrielle. Ici, émerge alors le concept d’une nouvelle alimentation désormais mieux connectée aux territoires. De nos jours, la nourriture se veut un lien au monde qui passerait par des symboles géographiques, rattachant ceux qui mangent à ceux qui produisent. Elle serait un médium qui permettrait de mettre dans son corps (in-corporer) ce qui constituerait les valeurs des lieux que l’on fréquente. D’où l’attachement aux produits et aux plats “régionaux” qui deviennent une des facettes de nos personnalités. Désormais, chaque région vitivinicole possède ses circuits d’oenotourisme qui permettent de découvrir les vins par leurs paysages, leur écosystème technique et sensoriel, leur imaginaire social et tout un ensemble de pratiques ancestrales qui a été habilement exploité par l’invention de “traditions.” Leur exploration sera l’occasion de se réapproprier une alimentation kidnappée par l’industrie à l’insu des mangeurs.

Coğrafi İşaret Örneği Olarak Kars Kaşar Peynirinin Üretimi ve Dağılımı

Coğrafi İşaret Örneği Olarak Kars Kaşar Peynirinin Üretimi ve Dağılımı

Geographical Symbols in Beliefs of the Tahtacı Turkomans Around Kaz Mountain, W Turkey

Kaz Mountain is culturally very important mountain mass located in the northwest of the Anatolian Peninsula. It is physically and culturally significant among Turkmens. High mountains were considered sacred since they were close to Tengri and regarded as its place or home. Geographical motifs and their origins in the belief system of Turkmen communities around Kaz Mountain (i.e Tahtacı Turkomans) were examined in this study. In the preparation phase of the study, previously conducted research on this topic and the area was reviewed, and scientific data that would lay the basis for this research were compiled. Turkmen communities living around Kaz Mountain and their cultural features were observed on site in various time periods. People who are knowledgeable on this topic were interviewed many times. In the last phase, data provided by fieldwork, interviews, and literature reviews were compiled, and a final text was composed. It was established in the study that Tahtacı Turkomans who live around Kaz Mountain maintain their old beliefs and their culture. Tahtacı people consider Kaz Mountain, geese, and some trees sacred, and they continue rituals related to them. Both physical geographical evidence and legends pertaining to this mountain suggest that the name of this magnificent mountain is related to the animal “goose”.

The Great Friendship: Geopolitical Fantasies About the Russia/Europe Alliance in the Early Putin Era (2000–2008) – The Case of Alexander Dugin

In post Soviet Society Europe emerged as a geographical symbol of everything positive that the end of the Soviet regime had brought to post Soviet urban Russians. At the same time the USA became the symbol of all that was negative in these changes. These attitudes had been shaped during the first years of Putin’s tenure. The views of Alexander Dugin, the seminal Russian philosopher, could here be an example.

National Messianism and English Chorography in King Lear

Through a close reading of Shakespeare's King Lear, this essay surveys English nationalism in a very specific moment—at the time of King James's accession and his propagation of the Union of kingdoms, which was soon followed by his edict of “Naturalization of the Scots”. This political claim of the Scottish monarch was in conflict with his English subjects' allegiance to English nationhood, thus creating an ambiguous allegiance between the two. Shakespeare, as James's English subject, had to negotiate between the absolutist claim of the Union propagated by the Scottish monarch and his own allegiance to English territory. Thus how this ruptured consciousness creates textual-national ambiguities in Shakespeare's play and how his political negotiation develops what Hans Kohn calls “national messianism” are the most important concerns in this essay. In King Lear, along with Cordelia's redemptive features, if the national messianic craving is expressed through regional identity, it is through Kent. In early-modern literature, Kent, which includes Canterbury (the locus of the national shrine) was often a geographical symbol of essential Englishness. The regional topography of Kent expresses past English identity as uncompromised by Scottish contamination. This chorographical allegiance to English regional territory properly explains the reason why at the end of the play the stage heavily gravitates toward Dover—the end of Kent/England—embodying all the national messianic images. The Shakespearean geopolitics represented in King Lear thus negotiates the huge gap between the Scottish monarch's absolutist rhetoric of Union and English nationhood forming a national ambiguity.

A paisagem urbana de Pombal - dinâmica geográfica, representações simbólicas e apropriações ideológicas

As paisagens, uma síntese entre elementos patrimoniais tradicionais e inovadores que vão deixando marca no espaço geográfico, constituem importantes objetos de análise. Geossímbolos como algumas edificações, a toponímia, a estatuária ou outros elementos espaciais de celebração constroem paisagens nem sempre consensuais e, porque reflectem relações de poder, são territórios em muitos casos contestados. Embora seja uma cidade de baixa densidade e escassa polarização, Pombal é um complexo nem sempre bem articulado de elementos patrimoniais, de geossímbolos que expressam narrativas locais contíguos aos que afirmam outras escalas. O enquadramento rural, os ciclos de emigração e de industrialização e a mais recente e ténue deriva pós-moderna, quase sempre de celebração e nostalgia do passado, acrescentaram heterogeneidade patrimonial a este espaço urbano.

La « républicanisation » de l’espace public montpelliérain. Politique et géographie symbolique dans le « Midi rouge » (1848-1914)

The « Republicanization » of Public Space in Montpellier : Political and Geographical Symbols in the « Red Midi » (1848-1914). Between 1848 and 1914, Montpellier was the theater of a no holds barred struggle between Republicans and Legitimists. In a city that had been strongly marked by the imprint of absolute monarchy, the combat for control of local power was duplicated with a conflict for the symbolic appropriation of public space. Monuments, squares, streets and celebrations thus constituted the major stakes of the confrontation between « Reds » and « Whites » . On the eve of World War I, the symbolic geography of Montpellier testifies to the republican triumph but also of the capacity of resistance of a Catholic and royal heritage that was becoming patrimonialized.

Le Tour de France ou le vélo géographique

The Tour de France is certainly one of the most famous and geographical symbol of the French identity. After more than a century of existence, its design remains an on-going process. At first a mere sportive event, this cycling race quickly turns into a national event as soon as it started to deal with France boundaries and the selection of significant cities. France’s mountain ranges play an important part in the legend’s built up. Steep slopes harden the competition and every racing cyclist needs to clear the obstacles if he hopes to win. As all modern heroes, cyclists wear trademarked shirts and national-coloured ones. During the latest decades, despite the globalization of the race has outclassed the French cyclists, it remains a French flavoured competition.

MAGELLAN: Map Acquisition of GEographic Labels by Legend ANalysis

A system named MAGELLAN (denoting Map Acquisition of GEographic Labels by Legend ANalysis) is described that utilizes the symbolic knowledge found in the legend of the map to drive geographic symbol (or label) recognition. MAGELLAN first scans the geographic symbol layer(s) of the map. The legend of the map is located and segmented. The geographic symbols (i.e., labels) are identified, and their semantic meaning is attached. An initial training set library is constructed based on this information. The training set library is subsequently used to classify geographic symbols in input maps using statistical pattern recognition. User interaction is required at first to assist in constructing the training set library to account for variability in the symbols. The training set library is built dynamically by entering only instances that add information to it. MAGELLAN then proceeds to identify the geographic symbols in the input maps automatically. MAGELLAN can be fine-tuned by the user to suit specific needs. Recognition rates of over 93% were achieved in an experimental study on a large amount of data.