Registration Of Geographical Indications Research Articles

South Indian Perspectives on Trends in Geographical Indications: A Bibliometric Insights From 2018-2023

This paper examines the trends regarding geographical indications (GIs) in South India from 2018 to 2023, with a focus on the application process, promotional efforts, and officially registering protected status for products across five southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. The study adopted a web-based descriptive survey methodology to analyze data gathered from the annual reports of India's Intellectual Property Office. The results show a consistent rise in the quantity of GI applications and successful registration, especially in the handicrafts and agricultural sectors, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka are the forefront, each making an equal contribution to the region’s economic growth. Despite the large volume of applications, there are still issues, such as processing delays and lack of advertised opportunity of public review. This study highlights necessity of an effective GI registration procedure in south India in order to enhance economic benefits and preserve cultural heritage.

The distribution of geographical indications across Europe. Reflecting spatial patterns and the role of policy

ABSTRACT Within the EU agricultural policy, geographical indications (GIs) are assigned the role of adding value to local food productions. The use of GIs has traditionally been heterogeneous across EU regions, and stimulating their uptake in non-traditional GI regions was presented as one of the motivations for the new 2024 GI Regulation. This paper investigates the issue of inequality in the spatial GI distribution. Specifically, the objectives of the work are: (i) to examine the spatial patterns of GI registration, exploiting specific techniques of inequality analysis; (ii) to investigate the existence of convergence processes across EU regions in terms of registered GIs; and (iii) to estimate the impact of the last GI Regulation in fostering convergence processes. The first part of the analysis relies on the application of several Gini index decompositions, highlighting the large role played by Protected Designations of Origin and by cross-national factors in driving GI inequalities up. Convergence is observed to be in place, but the very low rate at which it is occurring calls for a more robust policy intervention. In this respect, the impact analysis, performed using an interrupted time series regression approach, highlights no significant effect of the last GI reform in stimulating convergence.

Geographical indication in Indonesia: A review on the spatial distribution and classification of geographical indication‐registered products and ‐related publications

AbstractThe status and trends of geographical indication (GI) registration in Indonesia is presented and analyzed. Indonesia amended the GI‐related legal systems in 2019, and despite its increase in registration and policy developments, the extent of coverage and classification of GI‐registered products remain unclear. Thus, we analyze the current status and trends of GI registration by mapping the spatial distribution and classification of GI products. We supplemented our analysis by capturing and reviewing GI‐related publications in Indonesia. Results showed that GI‐registered products are concentrated in Java and Sumatra regions, with agricultural products as leading commodities. The spatial distribution further exhibits that cultural and traditional values play an important role in shaping GI products. Meanwhile, for GI publications, we documented that scientific literatures produced by domestic scholars are more abundant than international publications. Although this is a positive assertion, reviewed publications are mostly focused on the legal aspects. Other aspects such as GI promotion, development, and benefits are lacking. The policy and practical implications of such findings highlighted the critical role of provinces and domestic scholars in promoting GIs of Indonesia to the global arena.

Challenges and opportunities in geographical indication registered gastronomic products: Erzurum Rosette

Erzurum Rosette holds significant cultural value as a traditional dessert widely produced and consumed in Erzurum. Limited knowledge exists regarding the difficulties encountered by producers and the influence of Geographical Indication (GI) registration on production and marketing. This study aims to enhance the recognition of Erzurum Rosette, assess its production process to comply with the standards of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TPTO), and explore its potential as a sustainable tourist product. A qualitative analysis was conducted on six producers of Erzurum Rosette. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that focused on demographic data, understanding GI, production challenges, and the influence of GI registration on sales. Responses were examined using thematic coding and statistical analysis. The study revealed that this traditional dessert production involves both male and female producers and that the producers have significant professional experience. General materials for production can be easily obtained, but obtaining the necessary special iron molds poses a significant challenge. Producers with a comprehensive understanding of GI have reported increased sales and market access after registration, but those with limited understanding have seen minimal impact. Common challenges include material supply and equipment availability, particularly regarding the procurement of iron molds. Sales and marketing strategies are generally effective, but continuous innovation is necessary for market expansion. Addressing supply chain issues and increasing awareness of GI benefits for producers are crucial for the sustainability and promotion of Erzurum Rosette. Improving support for local production and targeted training initiatives can help preserve traditional production methods and enhance the potential of Erzurum Rosette as a cultural and tourism value.

Blessing of geography: Impact of geographical indications on agricultural exports in India

We examine the effect of geographical indications (GIs) on India's agricultural exports. We combine a novel dataset of state-product-year level exports with data on registered GIs for agricultural products in India from 2004 to 2016. Our identification strategy relies on exploiting the within-state-product variation in exports over time in response to GI registration. We find a significant positive effect of GIs on agricultural exports. We also observe that this increase is driven by government-owned GIs, and by GIs in states with more efficient courts and better transport infrastructure. Finally, we find a shift in cropping pattern, especially towards the GI-tagged crops, albeit at the district level.

Flour geographical indication in the Southern Bahia

The region surrounding the city of Buerarema, is also known as “Bolsão do Maruim” (a rural area contained in the municipalities of Buerarema, São José da Vitória, Ilhéus and Una, in South Bahia) Where cassava production, is notoriously recognized for its excellent flour quality. Aiming to add reliability and national recognition, this work presents points of attention to be observed in a market strategy based on the registration of the Geographical Indication (GI) of cassava flour from Buerarema. For example, some GIs include: Champagne from France, Port wine from Portugal, coffee from Colombia, Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese from Italy, Canastra cheese from Brazil and Cachaça from Salinas also in Brazil. The GI registration is granted to products or services that are characteristic from their site of origin, which generates renown and value, also giving emphasis in relation to their competitors in the market place. There are thousands of GIs registered in the world and most belong to the agricultural and food sector and their commercial value is estimated in billions of dollars. The work is of an Applied nature and through a qualitative, exploratory research, using the technical procedure of action-research and bibliography. As a result, the main aspects are presented that the possible Gi registration for Buerarema flour must observe and define in order to protect its product from local competition and also in global markets.

Overview of geographical indications in northeast Brazil

The Geographical Indication (GI) is a distinctive signo f recognition of the quality and/or notoriety of a product or service. It is a legal tool that provides protection to na asset. It has two species: Designation of Origin (DO) and Indication of Origin (IP). Brazil has heterogeneous geographical characteristics according to its socioecnomic and territorial development, making some of them producer and consumer centers. The country is divided into five region. The Northeast region is composed of nine states and currently has 16 GIs in the IP modality, which represent 18.18% of the total granted in Brazil, and two in the DO modality, which represent 7.69% of the national total. The present work aims to prospect GI registration in the IP modality in the Northeast Region of Brazil and its growth over time. The methodology used was exploratory and descriptive, using as a tool the bibliographic review in scientific journals and on the website of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). The first of IP occurred in 2009, while in the DO species it was in 2011. In 2012 there was the highest number of registrations, with 4 concessions. Bahia leads in the number with five, two of which are shared with Pernambuco. Maranhão does not yet have any IP granted. The Northeast Region has grat potential to register other products as GI, due to its demographic area, population, tradition, culture, ethnic diversity, rich biodiversity, traditional peoples, quilombolas and indigenous people with their vast knowledge of arts, drinks and plant cultivation.

Promotion of the Bahia Productive Project for the Coffee Production Chain in the State of Bahia, Brazil: An Analysis of Public Policies and Geographical Indication

Objective: To analyze the Bahia Productive Project, based on the subproject focused on the coffee production chain, as a public policy for Sustainable Rural Development and Geographical Indications (GIs) in the State of Bahia, Brazil, based on territorial planning. Method: The research is a case study with an exploratory character, a qualitative approach, with data collection through bibliographical and documentary surveys and the institutional website of the Regional Development and Action Company (CAR). For the analysis of the information a Content Analysis was used. Results and conclusion: It is observed that the project manifested itself as an alternative for the coffee production chain in the state to be strengthened, encouraging producers to improve the quality of their product so that they can meet market requirements and conquer new markets. Research implications: Public policies are necessary to help productive chains of products that have differentiation in their production as an incentive to promote the registration of GIs, since the contribution they can bring to territorial development is expected mainly in the economic sphere. Originality/value: The combination of specific elements from the Bahian context, such as the emphasis on coffee production in the state and the approach to GIs as an important factor for territorial development. Furthermore, the analysis of the Bahia Productive Project as a public policy to strengthen the coffee production chain in the region and encourage the improvement of product quality is an original element.

Critical reflections on Sri Lanka’s new sui generis geographical indication registration system

Abstract This article critically evaluates the Intellectual Property (Amendment) Act 2022, which introduced a sui generis registration system for geographical indications (GIs) in Sri Lanka. The analysis begins by examining the pre-2022 law and the factors leading to the introduction of the GI registration system. The article then outlines the key features of the new system, highlighting its strengths and shortcomings through a critical analysis. While the 2022 amendment brings positive developments and enhanced protection for registered GIs, it also reveals certain ambiguities and unaddressed issues, which could impair the effective operation of the new system.

Geographical Indications in Vietnam: Protection and Legal Issues

Geographical indications (GIs) are means of identifying the source and denoting the quality and reputation of regionally distinct goods. (Kevin. M. Murphy (2003), ‘Conflict, Confusion, and Bias Under TRIPs Articles 22-24’, American University International Law Review, Volume 19, Issue 5/2003.) They contribute to enhancing the goods’ value, thereby generating profits for entrepreneurs and countries. Vietnam, a country with many agricultural and regional products, has been actively integrating with the world, typically by becoming a member of the WTO (World Trade Organization (Member List at, https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_ e/org6_e.htm (accessed 04 May 2023))) and participating in agreements such as the European Union-Vietnam The Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) (European Union-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement), https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/ EVFTA-guidance_0.pdf (accessed 04 May 2023) and the TRIPs (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips.pdf (accessed 04 May 2023)). To align its legal framework with international standards, Vietnam has amended and supplemented to its Intellectual Property (IP) Law of 2005 in 2009, 2019, and 2022, introducing new regulations on GIs. These changes have had a significant impact on the protection of GIs in Vietnam. With this in mind, we analyse the current GI protection provisions in Vietnam’s IP laws and assess their compatibility with the requirements in international agreements. We will also explore the influence of the GI protection provisions on the actual registration and utilization of GIs in Vietnam. Based on our findings, we have prepared recommendations to improve Vietnam’s regulations on GI protection and enhance the practical effectiveness of those GI protection measures. Geographical Indications, TRIPs Agreement, EVFTA Agreement, Vietnam Intellectual Property Law, Geographical Indication Protection, Vietnam, Agricultural products, Homonymous Geographical Indications

A Study of Entrepreneurs’ Confidence in Geographical Indications for Value Adding of Gems and Jewelry Products in Chanthaburi Province

Geographical Indications (GI) give goods made from local resources more legitimacy and create value additions for various products. Gems and Jewelry are products that have contributed to Chanthaburi’s long-standing renown but have not yet been recognized for GI. The principles are to 1) investigate the entrepreneurial viewpoints regarding the belief that GI will increase the value of its products, 2) contrast the views of those products toward the use of GI to boost value and inspire confidence in customers, 3) examine the link between variables influencing the value added of gems and jewelry products with GI. In-depth interviews were used as the research methodology. Data was gathered from 14 owners of Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in gems and jewelry businesses who were required to be members of the Chanthaburi Gem and Jewelry Traders Association (CGA). The finding revealed that entrepreneurs support and encourage the registration of GI for gems and jewelry products to increase the company’s reliability, boost product market value, and foster customer trust. Gems and jewelry entrepreneurs in Chanthaburi trust GI to add value; therefore, GI is a tool that may be utilized to enhance the worth of gems and jewelry products. Plus, it increases consumers’ trust in the product’s origin and quality.

The Battle for Geographical Indication Protection of Basmati Rice: A View from Nepal

This article is a contribution to the debate on geographical indication (GI) protection for basmati rice, stressing its relevance to Nepal. After providing an overview of Nepal’s intellectual property regime, this article gives a detailed account of justifications for Nepal to oppose India’s European Union GI registration of basmati rice. The analysis, which highlights the connection between basmati rice and Nepalese society, focuses on the social and cultural values of basmati rice in local communities. The basmati rice controversy provides an opportunity for Nepal to brand its local product in order to penetrate both national and international markets. The GI system may be an auxiliary agent in achieving these goals.

Indikasi Geografis Sebagai Nilai Tambah Produk Kopi Menuju Pasar Domestik Dan Internasional

Indonesia is a country blessed with abundant natural resources. This fosters a wide variety of biological resources, thus providing a wide range of potential natural wealth in the form of agricultural, plantation, cultivation, handicraft and forestry products characterized by each region’s geographical features. The potential for coffee products to be used as Geographical Indication product is very large because there are many variants of coffee from different regions in Central Sulawesi, each having its own unique characteristics. The problem is that at this time there has been no real step taken by the parties related to the application and registration of Geographical Indications. This research aims to see how the potential of Central Sulawesi coffee products to be registered as Geographical Indications and see how the role of local government in encouraging applications and registration of geographical indications. This paper focuses on two coffee producing areas, namely Sigi Biromaru Regency and Poso Regency. The data used are primary data in the form of field observations and direct interviews and secondary data in the form of literature studies and regulations on geographical indications, then processed and analyzed using qualitative methods. Data is presented in descriptive form and conclusions are drawn using deductive logic. The result of the research is that it is time for the Central Sulawesi Government to start mapping the potential of Geographical Indication products in Central Sulawesi, especially those that have the potential to give birth to Geographical Indications, to create local product competitiveness and regional competitiveness in national and international trade.

3 LANGKAH PERLINDUNGAN INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL KOMUNAL MELALUI PERLUASAN KONSEP DEFENSIVE DAN POSITIVE PROTECTION

The concept of defensive and positive law on Communal Intellectual Property in its development is not sufficient to provide protection for developing countries, including Indonesia, which contain a wealth of living and non-living natural resources. The wealth of these natural resources is often claimed by a foreign nation, either in the form of patents or brands that are economically profitable, without mentioning the source and origin of the discovery. One of them is the claim of a foreign brand which is indicated as geographically originating from Indonesia. This research aimed to offer an idea of the expansion of the protection concept and measures that need to be taken by the government to protect Indonesian Geographical Indications. The method applied in this research was a study of literature sourced from national and international journals through the use of internet media. The results of the study concluded that, First, the defensive and positive legal protection concept that has been known so far requires expansion by adding the protection concept economically in the manner of streamlining a clear management framework from the Regional Government. The said framework must be carried out from upstream to downstream, by ensuring that in the end, the registration of Geographical Indication must be able to prosper the community. Second, the protection of Geographical Indication must be carried out utilizing: Accelerating the collection of data on Geographical Indication nationally, Guiding and supervising the Regional Government to develop local products that have the potential for Geographical Indication, and Establishing special laws.

The Link Between Geographic Indication, Sustainability, and Multifunctionality: The Case of Table Olive Groves in Western Turkey.

As in all branches of agricultural production, it is thought that the concepts of sustainability, geographical indication, and multifunctionality are very important in table olive farming. The main purpose of this study is to examine the holistic and organic link between geographic indication, sustainability, and multifunctionality parameters in table olive cultivation. Table olive production supplied by Manisa has unique attributes. Of the 12varieties of table olives with geographical indication registration in Turkey, two belong to Akhisar district. These cultivars are named 'Akhisar Domat Zeytini' and 'Akhisar Uslu Zeytini'. Therefore, Akhisar district was chosen as the study area. Asurvey was conducted with atotal of 121 olive farmers between February and July 2020. In the survey questions, besides continuous and discrete data, the answers and data obtained from the questions formed with the yes/no options were evaluated. Basic descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and percentage rates were used in the analysis. It can be emphasized that table olive farming in the region has become an important habit and culture that has along cultivation experience. The effects of parameters such as marketing possibilities and price advantages are very important. The fertilization and plant protection practices are carried out in acoordinated manner in the region and with as little damage to the environment as possible. It is clarified that geographical indications are an important tool in the sustainability of table olive cultivation and that the principle of multifunctionality in agriculture is ensured by keeping the farmers in table olive farming.

One step further: application of metabolomics techniques on the geographical indication (GI) registration process

PurposeA region can be registered as a geographical indication (GI) when its human or natural characteristics influence product attributes. However, GI registration is a complex process that can lead applicants to conflicts and resource waste. Since metabolomics can support product typicality, it can be an effective tool to evidence the place-product link, essential for GI registration. With the aim of increasing GI registration efficiency, this research aimed to map the Brazilian GI registration process from end to end, using business process model and notation (BPMN), and evaluate the application of metabolomics techniques as facilitator.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative exploratory study was proposed, with the Brazilian GI registration process as unit of analysis. Primary data was obtained through twelve in-depth interviews with GI producers, members of supporting institutions and metabolomics experts. Based on the collected data, the complete GI registration map was designed with bpmn.io software.FindingsResults provided a clear view of the GI registration process. Interviewees considered the selection of the appropriate GI category, the establishment of GI common rules, product specification and the confirmation of the place-product link as the most demanding requirements. Since the last two involve specifying the influence of the origin on products, the use of metabolomics was suggested as a powerful tool to complete these stages.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical contribution is provided by the interweave of the three scientific fields mentioned (GI, business process management (BPM) and metabolomics) to contribute to the still small body of literature on GI-related processes. Additionally, other theoretical contributions are the presentation of a GI registration map associated to the use of “omics” techniques as process facilitator.Practical implicationsThe practical contribution of this work is the establishment of an end-to-end view of the entire GI registration process, which makes easier for applicants to engage, plan resources and achieve the GI label. Furthermore, metabolomics acts as a facilitator since its data can be used for different purposes on the way to GI registration.Social implicationsResults can be used to facilitate GI registration, reducing resources demanded from applicants. GI labels provide product protection, better selling prices and competitive advantages for producers, which are positive outcomes in countries with a commodity-based economy like Brazil.Originality/valueThe originality of the study lies in the approach used to map the GI registration process, as well as the suggestion of metabolomics as facilitator in some of its stages.

Geographical indications as a tool for increasing the sustainability of the development of agricultural regions

Geographical indications (GI) are considered as a means of individualizing goods. The concept, essence, nature, types of identification and distinctive features of GI are disclosed. Their ability to simultaneously provide an increase in all components of sustainable development of agricultural regions is noted. The analysis of the submitted applications and issued certificates in Russia for appellations of origin of goods and geographical indications by the number, affiliation of applicants, regions and types of goods. The possibility of the region in registering the verbal designation “Altai buckwheat” as a geographical indication has been substantiated. To increase the sustainability of the development of regions of agricultural specialization, the main conditions for the implementation of the concept of geographical indications are determined. A universal algorithm for registration and use of GI has been developed.

Discrimination and authentication of geographical origin of Turkish Taşköprü garlic by investigating volatile organosulfur compound profiles and multivariate analyses.

Nowadays, counterfeiting and adulteration on foods take place around the world in a variety of ways. Identification and authentication of geographical origin of agricultural products has great importance not only for food safety, but for protection of registrations as well. This study aimed at discriminating the Turkish Taşköprü garlic, possessing protected geographical indication (GI) in Turkey and GI registration from the European Union, from the other samples. For this reason, the combination of headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) analysis of the volatile organosulfur compounds (VOSCs) and two multivariate analysis techniques, namely hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were employed for classifying the garlic samples on the basis of their geographical origin. Discrimination of Taşköprü garlic and the other samples including a suspicious sample imported from China was accomplished by performing two dimensional and three dimensional PCA analyses to relative amounts of VOSCs and also to chromatogram raw data.

The rational construction of a universal register for distinctive wines and spirits GIs against dilution

AbstractArticle 23.4 TRIPs instructs World Trade Organisation members to negotiate a multilateral system of notification and registration of geographical indications (GIs) for wines (extended to spirits at the 1996 Singapore Ministerial Conference) to facilitate the protection of GIs. Much has been written about moral rights, law and economics and cultural protection as less rational justifications for the enhanced protection of wines and spirits GIs. This article explores the rational justifications of enhanced protection of wines and spirits GIs against dilution through the lens of universality, and distinctiveness. Subsequently, this article provides an updated analysis of four proposals for a multilateral register for wines and spirits GIs that have not led to a consensus between the Old and New World countries. Therefore, this article is proposing the construction of a multilateral register by combining the best elements of these proposals, measured along the yardstick of universality and distinctiveness and maps the contours of the bargaining space between the Old and New World countries in regard to the determination of genericism, to spark new interest in breaking the stalemate between the Old and New World countries in regard to fulfilling the mandate of Article 23.4 TRIPs.

Comparison of the Law of Geographical Indications between Indonesia and India

Indonesia has a strategic and favorable geographical condition to boost the economy. Likewise, India has diverse geographical conditions. Geographical indications are part of Intellectual Property Rights that are born from the work of human thought. The purpose of this study is to compare the legal arrangements of Geographical Indications between Indonesia and India and to examine the registration of Geographical Indications between Indonesia and India. This research is a type of library research. The approach used is normative, using secondary data and qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Regulation on Geographical Indications in Indonesia is the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications and the regulation of the registration mechanism uses the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 12 of 2019. While the Regulation on Geographical Indications in India and Regulation of the mechanism registration using The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection Act, 1999 ).