Geoinformation Technologies Research Articles

Assessment of land reclamation status using remote sensing and GIS in territory of Pakhtakor district of Uzbekistan

The importance of land distribution across all sectors of the national economy cannot be overstated, particularly in agriculture. Agricultural land plays a critical role in meeting the population's food needs and satisfying the demand for raw materials in the industry. The fertility of the land is the main productive property in agriculture. Continuous improvements in land productivity, combined with the adoption of innovative technologies, are key factors in modern agriculture development. However, natural and anthropogenic factors are negatively impacting agricultural land productivity, leading to a decrease in productivity. To prevent this, urgent measures must be taken to improve the reclamation conditions of agricultural lands, develop regions following climate change, and effectively organize cadastral reclamation activities. Additionally, monitoring the reclamation condition of agricultural lands is crucial in times of scarcity. This research focuses on the assessment of the melioration condition of agricultural land in the Pakhtakor district of the Republic of Uzbekistan, using geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data. These technologies enable the low-cost, timely, and high-accuracy measurement of changes in soil conditions over large land areas. By continuously monitoring the earth's surface, we can identify existing problems and develop timely solutions to address them. In research, enhancing agricultural land productivity is a critical task for modern agriculture development. Innovative technologies and effective monitoring strategies, such as geoinformation and remote sensing techniques, are essential to achieving this goal. Through this research, we hope to contribute to the continued improvement of land management practices and sustainable agriculture in Uzbekistan.

GIS monitoring of land disturbed by household solid waste in Penza Region

The problem of pollution and littering of land in Russia has been established by the paper. The authors underline a negative trend in the handling with municipal solid waste - 50% of garbage is stored in landfills and cannot be recycled. The purpose of the research was to develop a monitoring system for lands disturbed by household solid waste in Penza region using specialized computer programs, geoinformation technologies, and remote sensing materials. The use of these methods allows to reduce labor, time and financial costs in this sphere.

Determination of the Degradation Degree of Pasture Lands in the West Kazakhstan Region Based on Monitoring Using Geoinformation Technologies

Determination of the Degradation Degree of Pasture Lands in the West Kazakhstan Region Based on Monitoring Using Geoinformation Technologies

Spatial analysis in decision-making on agriculture activities

Geoinformation technologies (GIS) play an important role in precision agriculture and the organization of smart agriculture. This can impact deeply the analysis of the state of agricultural lands, mainly irrigated lands, and find a positive solution to the problem based on digital data consisting of different thematic layers. In this research, spatial analysis of agro-ecological conditions was carried out in order to establish effective precision agriculture in the Pakhtazor massive of the Mirzachul district of the Jizzakh region. Representing agro-ecological (soil, climate, groundwater, weather) and social (population, settlements, roads for transport) factors that directly affect the efficient production in agriculture through geospatial analysis and thematic maps were developed. In the process of creating thematic maps and analysing the data, spatial analyses such as IDW, Euclidean distance, and Kernel density were performed using ArcGIS software. As a result of spatial analysis, soil quality was assessed with an average value. Groundwater level and mineralization were in normal condition with 2-2.5 meters and 0-3 gr/l respectively. Infrastructure, irrigation-drainage system, and weather are sufficient to carry out effective agricultural activities, especially crop cultivation.

Application of geo-information technologies in determining the area of flooded lands as a result of the destruction of the Kakhovska HPP

Based on a sample of data from ministries, local authorities and other official open sources of information regarding the consequences of the destruction of the Kakhovska HPP dam and their analysis, it was found that they are inaccurate. Taking into account the above, the scientists of the Institute of Land Use of the National Academy of Sciences developed a methodology for determining the areas of flooded land affected by the destruction of the Kakhovska HPP dam, the territory under the Kakhovska Reservoir, which includes satellite images, geoinformation technologies, and artificial intelligence technologies. To identify and estimate the area of flooded land, satellite images were analysed before the terrorist attack and as of June 9, 2023, according to the results of which it was established that the total area of flooding according to the ESA WorldCover land cover classes was about 65 thousand hectares. Investigating the suitability for use of agricultural land for its intended purpose in the regions affected by the destruction, a land database with information on coordinates, intended purpose, form of ownership and other cadastre information was created from open sources of information. It was found that the number of land plots registered in the State Land Cadastre and located in the flooding zone is 30,325 plots. Other areas that are in the flooding zone are not registered. The total area of these areas affected by the flood is about 25 thousand hectares, including 9.8 thousand hectares (38%) - agricultural land. Only 20% of them are privately owned (three-quarters of them are agricultural land and one-quarter is land for residential and public development). It was established that the share of the area of land plots in the flooding zone in the total area by forms of ownership is: 56.5% - state property; 22.1% are communal, 20.3% are private, and 1.2% remain unspecified.

Геоинформационное картографирование в образовательных программах кафедры географии и картографии Казанского университета

The article describes educational programs of Geography and Cartography Department of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University — bachelor’s and master’s degree programs in the field of “Cartography and Geoinformatics”. The most important professional competencies in the field of geoinformatics mapping are enlightened, including those aimed at improving methodological skills and abilities related to the processing and analysis of spatial data, obtained from various sources. The main feature of the developed system of courses on geoinformation mapping is the variety of modern educational and geoinformation technologies. Due to them, each course provides an opportunity to master a wide range of problem-solving skills in the environment of various geoinformation systems, and can be used for both full-time and online learning forms of education. The effectiveness of educational programs is revealed, inter alia, through interaction with employers. Among partners of Geography and Cartography Department of Kazan Federal University are State Budgetary Institution “Spatial Data Foundation of the Republic of Tatarstan”, Innopolis University, Municipal Budgetary Institution “Institute of City Development” (Kazan), State Budgetary Institution “Institute of Spatial Planning of the Republic of Tatarstan”, Limited Liability Company “GC-group”, etc.; companies providing consulting services and performing expertise—Limited Liability Company “Geoconsulting”, Limited Liability Company “Expert Consulting Center ‘Industrial Safety’ ”, Limited Liability Company “Multifunctional Engineering Center”, large companies working in the field of technical inventory of real estate, surveying, land management, such as Joint-Stock company “Bureau of Technical Inventory and Cadastral Works of the Republic of Tatarstan”; Ministries of Construction, Agriculture and Food, Forestry of the Republic of Tatarstan and a number of other organizations and enterprises.

A HYBRID QUANTUM-PERFECTED MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROBLEM OF AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION AND FAST CONVERSION OF UNSTRUCTURED TEXT INFORMATION INTO SPATIAL

Background. Efficiently converting large amounts of unstructured text data into spatial information is crucial for managing water distribution systems. This allows for the conversion of extensive sets of text information, such as reports, orders, letters, and other documents, into point classes of spatial objects in geographic information systems. To tackle this challenge, a promising new approach involves combining hybrid quantum-classical neural networks with geo-information technologies. Methods. The study utilized quantum-enhanced hybrid neural networks in combination with GIS methods to identify named entities such as personal accounts and balance sheet objects of Kyivvodokanal by their addresses and geocoding. This information was then published on a geoportal using the ArcGIS Enterprise platform in real-time, which holds great promise for effective water management. The performance of the developed model was evaluated by accuracy indicators, recall parameters, and weighted harmonic average of accuracy and recall. Results. The obtained results indicate that the developed hybrid quantum-classical model of artificial intelligence can be successfully applied to transform large volumes of unstructured textual information into spatial information. The model was integrated into GIS using ArcGIS Enterprise. By combining the obtained point classes of spatial objects with already existing data, methods of spatial connections, an interactive map with an update interval of every five minutes was developed. Conclusions. Taking advantage of quantum computing and combining it with classical hardware and classical AI models, it became possible to achieve similar and even better performance in various tasks compared to state-of-the-art methods. Quantum natural language processing is a promising new field that has the potential to revolutionize the way one analyzes and understands human language.

Компьютерное проектирование и моделирование общественных мест городских территорий

The high pace of life characteristic of modern society, the rapid development of urban settlements require the formation and practical implementation of fast and accurate management and design solutions for the adaptation of environmental components to human life in appropriate conditions. Modern cities are increasing geographically, occupying ever larger spaces; their social, industrial transport infrastructure is becoming more complex, the economic component is developing, the population of large urban settlements is growing, and a complex structure of the system of public places is being formed. All this leads to changes in the nature of settlement of the population, the way and peculiarities of people’s lives, their psychology and behavior in urban space. Modern problems of cities and their populations cannot be fully inventoried, analyzed, understood, evaluated, and finally solved within the “narrow framework” of scientific knowledge. Comprehensive study and design of urban areas require intensive implementation and active use of integration approaches. In this regard, the modern sphere of design is already unthinkable without the use of the latest computer information and geoinformation technologies. The solution of design tasks only in the format of real drawings, without the widespread use of virtual ones, is currently no longer possible. The anthropocultural paradigm of urbanization development has made it possible to introduce, significantly expand and strengthen the spheres of contacts of geographers, cartographers and urban planners. Nevertheless, in the methodological arsenal of modern urban planning, theories, concepts and ideas developed in humanitarian geography should be used even more widely. In modern urban planning design, the latest computer equipment, software and information technologies are widely used, but geographers are rarely involved in the author’s teams. In the field of modern urban planning, including the design of public places in urban areas, there is a wide range of problems faced by specialists in regional design organizations, and which require their solutions based on the extensive involvement of the latest software with maximum use of all its capabilities.

Морфометрический анализ водосбора реки Серлиг-Хем (Тува) с использованием ГИС и ДДЗ

The Geographic Information System (GIS) serves as an effective tool for determining the structure of the catchment area, water resources management and planning. An important aspect of watershed characteristics is quantitative analysis performed using geoinformation technologies. In this study, GIS and fractal geometry methods were used to identify morphological features and analyze the properties of the Serlig-Khem River basin (Todzhinsky district), Republic of Tyva. The analysis of morphometric parameters includes both linear and areal aspects of the basin. The area of the studied catchment basin, determined in the GIS environment, is 3032.79 km2, mainly with a tree-like asymmetric type of river network pattern. The average bifurcation coefficient of 3.13 indicates that the basin is largely controlled by the structure. The density of the river network is 0.34 km/km2, the basin is pear-shaped. The territory under study has a predominantly mountainous character, with a slope of up to 40-30 degrees within the Academician Obruchev ridge and on the meridional segment. The fractal analysis carried out in the work confirms the assumption about the relationship between the value of the fractal dimension indicator and the degree of coverage of the catchment area by the lines of the river network.

FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF GIS TRAINING IN SUMSPU NAMED AFTER A.S. MAKARENKO

The article examines the peculiarities of geo-informational training of students of geographic specialties, which consists in determining the ways of applying GIS within the future professional activities of students of various geographic specialties. The training is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of the use of geoinformation systems and technologies, which contributes to the formation of geoinformation competence based on a differentiated approach. A differentiated approach involves the provision of educational material in various fields and the acquisition by students of various geographic specialties of various geo-informational practical skills. The implementation of geoinformation technologies in the educational process opens up new opportunities for better training of geography specialists. However, it is necessary to pay more attention to both the pre-geoinformational training of students and the formation of the content of geographic disciplines and methods of presenting material in accordance with various specialties. Students should be introduced to the functionality and performance of existing GIS software packages and open software products that can be recommended for use in the educational process. This will provide grounds for forming a sufficient level of competitiveness of future specialists in accordance with the chosen specialty. The use of GIS in the training of geography specialists contributes to the formation of geo-informational competences and provides a qualitatively new level of acquisition and generalization of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Разработка картографических веб-приложений на основе геоинформационных технологий

The existing solutions in the field of building cartographic web-applications based on geoinformation technologies are analyzed. The design of the cartographic basis for placement on the Internet has been developed. The structure of the cartographic web-application and the algorithms necessary for its functioning were developed. Testing of the software module on the example of the «Map of the Central Federal District» showed its versatility, reliability and the possibility of use in new and existing information systems.

Geoinformation systems and technologies in agriculture logistics and transport

The article contains theoretical considerations on the application of information technology in the field of logistics and transport. In the process of performing mechanized work during construction or in land reclamation measures, technical and technical means are used to provide fuel and lubricants. Based on the analysis of modern information technologies are recommended that ensure a reduction in material and technical resources and an increase in the utilization rate of machines over time.

New Approaches to the Topical Aspects of Current Mediaeval Studies

The article reviews two conferences that took place at the Institute of World History RAS in June 2023. The Second All-Russian Scientific Conference “Source Studies in Modern Medieval Studies”, held at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences on June 21—22, 2023, confirmed the high status of source studies as a key historical discipline, in the further development of which the entire professional community is highly interested. More than 50 reports were made at the conference on various areas of source study of the medieval history of Eurasia, in which the results of the latest research on the main types of medieval sources were presented. In many reports, much attention was paid to new approaches to the consideration of source problems, in particular, with the use of geoinformation technologies and electronic databases. This article also addresses the question of current interpretation of the forms and results of intercultural contacts in the Mediterranean from the 14th to 16th century. It was the period when the region under study appeared in the centre of global changes resulting in majestic geopolitical, economic, ethno-social, and cultural transformations. These changes made direct impact on the dynamics, nature, and effects of intercultural communications in the Mediterranean. Presented as lectures at a scholarly conference discussing the given question, the results of the researches conducted by Russian specialists in Mediaeval Studies allowed them to enunciate general global challenges that influenced the development of the region under study from the fourteenth to sixteenth century, to trace the forms and results of cross-cultural communications in the Mediterranean zone against the background of particular cases, and to determine their consequences for the development of European world in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period.

Landscape forming factors of the Karkaraly low mountains

The territory of geosystems of the Karkaraly low mountains is mainly forest landscapes and dark-chestnut soil cover. The paper reflects the state of the soil and vegetation cover of the forest landscapes of the Karkaraly low mountains in the Karaganda region. The paper provides the results of chemical soil tests, describes the vegetation cover samples using geoinformation technologies based on the standard quantitative index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), confirmed in field studies in the summer of 2020. The work performed aims at a comprehensive assessment of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the components of geosystems. In course of the field study, a brief description of phytodiversity was compiled, indicating the geomorphological attributes of key areas. To study the vegetation, sample plots of the underlying soil and vegetation cover were set. Overview and thematic maps of the object under study were created. At the final stage of the study, the interpretation of the results is presented with the identification of cause-and-effect relationships of the state and fluctuations of geoecosystems. Data sources include satellite images of Landsat-8 (US Geological Survey) and field studies along the routes and four key areas. The results of the work allow defining the object under study, determining the distinctive properties in key areas, as well as possible reasons for the difference in the studied territory of geosystems.

Моря российской Aрктики в атласном картографировании России

The Russian Arctic, as an integral part of Russia, has played an important role in the development of the country throughout its history. Today, the Arctic is a region of special geostrategic interests of the state and economic interests of society, outlined in a number of documents. An important condition for their implementation is the information resources of society, which today are the most important strategic factor in its development. Their integral part is the cartographic component. It is implemented in analog and digital models of operational or long-term knowledge coverage, the most valuable in case of their integration, in particular, into atlases. In atlas mapping, Arctic seas, as special objects of study, have always been given great attention. By the beginning of the XXI century, fundamental atlas works had already been created based on the results of many years of research. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the multilateral mapping of the seas, considering their role in the expected climate warming, increased use of energy, mineral, biological and other resources, the emergence of environmental problems. Emerging requests stimulate the creation of atlas works of various purposes, territorial, thematic and temporal coverage, types of media and the ratio of content presentation. The noted trends in the atlas mapping of the seas: the expansion of the thematic spectrum of study, the desire for efficiency and updating of the content of atlases through the use of modern geoinformation technologies (including online); active transition to the preparation of works combining information and knowledge in real time, capable of quickly responding to navigation, ecology, economics, etc.; blurring the line between traditional paper atlases and their Internet-versions, allowing unlimited expansion of the amount of information presented; attention to the issues of used semiotic systems, etc. The purpose of this article is to present the development and current state of atlas mapping of the seas of the Russian Arctic on the basis of the main works created in the last half century.

Ландшафтообразующие факторы Каркаралинских низкогорий

The territory of geosystems of the Karkaraly low mountains is mainly forest landscapes and dark-chestnut soil cover. The paper reflects the state of the soil and vegetation cover of the forest landscapes of the Karkaraly low mountains in the Karaganda region. The paper provides the results of chemical soil tests, describes the vegetation cover samples using geoinformation technologies based on the standard quantitative index NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), confirmed in field studies in the summer of 2020. The work performed aims at a comprehensive assessment of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the components of geosystems.
 In course of the field study, a brief description of phytodiversity was compiled, indicating the geomorphological attributes of key areas. To study the vegetation, sample plots of the underlying soil and vegetation cover were set. Overview and thematic maps of the object under study were created. At the final stage of the study, the interpretation of the results is presented with the identification of cause-and-effect relationships of the state and fluctuations of geoecosystems. Data sources include satellite images of Landsat-8 (US Geological Survey) and field studies along the routes and four key areas. The results of the work allow defining the object under study, determining the distinctive properties in key areas, as well as possible reasons for the difference in the studied territory of geosystems.

Charvak reservoir modeling based on geoinformation systems

The article describes the Charvak reservoir morphological map development, created using the softs capable of processing, analyzing, and visualizing high-resolution satellite geodata. The study determined the amount of useful volume change during the reservoir's operation. The map was designed to be interactive and processed in real time using GoogleEarth and ArchGIS analytical tools. The study aims to improve effective monitoring of the changes in water reservoir capacity and forecasting the further operational period of the reservoir. The research demonstrates the potential of geoinformation technologies to improve water resources management.

Технологія використання тривимірних моделей місцевості в єдиному геоінформаційному середовищі Збройних Сил України

B a c k g r o u n d . The use of three-dimensional terrain modeling by commanders during their decision-making during the execution of assigned tasks will allow them to gain a tactical advantage on the battlefield. Given the current lack of a methodological foundation for justifying the methodology of constructing three-dimensional terrain models for use in the geoinformation subsystems of the Automated Control System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ACS AFU), as well as the practical absence of a modern information system for storing and publishing such data, the research objective is the development of a technology for using three-dimensional terrain models with modern geoinformation technologies to enhance decision- making efficiency during planning and the execution of tasks by military units. M e t h o d s . We employed methods such as analysis of scientific and reference literature on the research problem to determine its relevance, systematization, and generalization of scientific information, as well as a systemic analysis of current guidelines for creating and using three-dimensional terrain models in the development of technology for the placement and utilization of three-dimensional models on a geospatial portal. R e s u l t s . Considering the experiences of leading countries worldwide, contemporary approaches to organizing spatial monitoring systems, geospatial modeling tasks, and the diverse requirements posed on various components when creating a unified information space, the use of threedimensional terrain models is justified to enhance the efficiency of task execution by units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In the military sphere, three-dimensional terrain models can be applied to improve the computational tasks of artillery units, visualize defense and offensive operations, conduct combat actions in urban areas (3D modeling of buildings and structures), and create special maps with pseudo-three-dimensional representations of terrain forms, and more. C o n c l u s i o n s . The technology proposed in this work for the placement and use of three-dimensional models can be applied in the process of information filling for the components of the geospatial portal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Improving the assessment of agricultural land reclamation condition using GIS based on the interdependence of the factors impact

Land used for agriculture is critical in Uzbekistan and throughout the world. Land reclamation is assessed using a variety of traditional approaches. The creation of land reclamation assessment methods is becoming more common as a result of the usage of modern geoinformation technologies and their better methodology. The levels of mineralization in the groundwater level, as well as NDVI and NDSI analysis, were determined for the three months of 2020 and 2021 - April, July, and November - in the irrigated lands of the Yuqiri chirchik, Urtachirchik, and Quyichirchik districts of the Tashkent region, which were used as the research object. These data were reclassified in ArcGIS software, and fields were defined by values. Their correlation was determined based on the results provided above. It was determined that plant vegetation is dependent on the salinity and mineralization of seepage waters, i.e., a decrease in seepage water mineralization and a drop in salinity are directly associated to an increase in plant vegetation, and vice versa.

Cereals waste in the Krasnodar region as a local heat energy resource

Presents the results of the cereals waste energy potential assessment for the municipalities of the Krasnodar region. The gross and technical potential of cereals waste (straw), calculated according to the author’s methodology and correlated with the needs in thermal energy for the population of the studied region. The obtained results show a significant amount of technical heat potential for many municipalities of the region. The spatial distribution obtained with the help of geoinformation technologies makes it possible to determine the most promising areas for the use of cereals waste for the thermal energy production. Also assessed the prospects for replacing traditional fuels such as coal, diesel fuel, natural gas and heating oil with straw energy. The possible environmental effect from the replacement of hydrocarbon fuel for the municipal districts of the Krasnodar region was calculated.