Literary Genre Research Articles

‘I Am Not A Melodramatic Person’: Defining the Lyric Diary

ABSTRACT For the past few years, I’ve been seeking out books that frustrate many readers—and sometimes myself among them. They are frequently described as sketchy, short, fragmented, diaristic—when the reader is being kind—and lazy, boring, or pointless when she is not. The official category (on the back of the book, right above the ISBN) sometimes reads Poetry, sometimes Novel, sometimes Memoir, sometimes Essay—or, sometimes Essay/Poetry or Essay/Literature. Some of the more famous examples include Sarah Manguso’s Ongoingness, Maggie Nelson’s Bluets, Claudia Rankine’s Don’t Let Me Be Lonely. In this essay, I will propose and define a new genre in contemporary literature: the lyric diary—a slender volume in which a depressed, middle-age, female first-person narrator records the mundane experiences of her everyday life alongside facts, ideas, and quotations in flat, affectless ‘shreds’ of prose. Blending elements of the confessional poem with the diary and other non-literary modes of historical women’s writing, the lyric diary rejects plot and the narrative arc for the lyric’s associative logic and the diary’s serial, episodic movement. The lyric diarist does not narrate: she records. It is all that she, exhausted from working the double shift, can manage to do.

A Tryst with Colonial Modernity: Science and Rationality in Devaki Nandan Khatri’s Chandrakanta

In this reading of Devaki Nandan Khatri’s Chandrakanta, the paper proposes to engage with the wonder tale in the context of the emergent commercial publishing and rise of varied literary cultures, in the nineteenth century, on the one hand and the indigenisation of imperial scientific discourses on the other. The rise of literary genres like periodicals, journals, novels, romantic fiction, chapbooks provided a productive platform for debating the emergent discourses on science and its impact on the extant religious and cultural processes. Chandrakanta deployed this platform to forge a unique idiom of Hindi that could train its neo literate readers in contemporary discourses on science and rationality. The procedures embedded in the construction of this scientifically attuned Hindi not simply contested the universality of western power but also constructed a new class of western educated (upper caste) elite, who eagerly sought ways of deploying science as a value system that could enrich the indigenous knowledge traditions of India. Chandrakanta further illustrates how these scientific discourses played a significant role in contesting the extant gendered contexts of the nineteenth century. The language of rational modernity seized the language of gender dynamics, seeking to redefine the networks of hierarchies within it.

Principles of Expressionism in Ahmed Qaranis’ Tulita

This study is entitled “Principles of Expressionism in Ahmed Qaranis’ Tulita”. The aforementioned poet was able to embody the principles of expressionism in his poems in that era, presenting the quality of society in exchange for any injustice and negative social norms, which are interpreted as social life. We also find a constructive criticism of the human personality in his poems for the purpose of restoring the primary rights of the person within society . This is an important study in the field of Kurdish literature in general and modern literature in particular, since the study includes the negative and positive of these social norms and traditions, and the study tries to reach convincing answers to these social situations. The literary genre is reflected in its delusion of the social dimension of the individual, as it is known. Poetry carries the poet's message in its life to the society, reflecting the psychological state of the poet, and that the poems of Ahmed Qarani in his collection Tulita reflect the social aspect of the Kurdish personality within society, and for this purpose, we find that the poet tried in his poems to answer the person versus (the reader - the resigned) about those social issues .

The Interplay of Magic Realism and Historical Realism: Amitav Ghosh's Novels

This abstract delves into the captivating blend of magic realism and historical realism in the works of renowned Indian author Amitav Ghosh. Ghosh, celebrated for his historical and socio-political narratives, occasionally infuses elements of magic realism into his storytelling. Notable novels such as “The Shadow Lines,” “The Calcutta Chromosome,” and “Sea of Poppies” serve as examples where Ghosh adeptly blurs the boundaries between the magical and the real. This research paper emphasizes the diverse ways in which Ghosh explores the interplay between reality and fantasy, encouraging the readers to engage with his narratives on multiple levels and promoting discussions about the thin boundaries of literary genres. Magic realism, which is generally characterized by the inclusion of supernatural or magical elements within a realistic backdrop, challenges the distinction between the extraordinary and the ordinary. Though it is associated with Latin American literature, this genre has been embraced and adapted by writers from a variety of cultural backgrounds. However, the complexities of Ghosh’s narratives and the depth of his characterizations leave room for diverse interpretations, possibly aligning with the principles of magic realism. This paper aims to illuminate the dynamic relationship between representing facts and stimulating the imagination, it also highlights the multi-faceted nature of literary genres and the subjective lens through which readers perceive and interpret literary works.

Analisis Sosiologi Sastra Cerpen Penthouse 2601 Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan Implikasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia

Short stories are part of a literary genre that describes the environment. One of the important things in short stories is how the author's events and thoughts can be expressed well so that they can be understood and enjoyed well by readers. To find information contained in short stories in more depth, research can be done in the form of analysis. The aim of this research is to examine the content of the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" by Djenar Maesa Ayu using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, literary works are considered as a reflection of society's life which cannot be separated from consideration of fictional elements and social aspects of society's life. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. By using listening and taking notes as a data collection technique. The results of this research show that in the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" there are social aspects and cultural aspects. This research can have implications for Indonesian language learning, especially at the Senior High School (SMA) level

From Mary Shelley to Stephen King: the transformation of gothic fiction in English literature

The article is dedicated to studying the evolution of the Gothic novel in English-language literature from the 18th century to the modern stage of development through the lens of genre transformations and stylistic modifications. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the Gothic novel genre in English-language literature through the prism of genre transformations, the dialectic of tradition and innovation. The research was conducted on the basis of the complex application of the method of analysis and synthesis, comparative-typological, biographical, historical-genetic methods and the method of generalization. By conducting a typological comparison of the early Gothic novel, represented in the works of Horace Walpole, Mary Shelley, Ann Radcliffe, and the later Gothic novels of Oscar Wilde, Bram Stoker, and Stephen King, it was found that the peculiarity of mature Gothic novels compared to early ones is authorial subjectivity, vivid imagery, and picturesque quality, which eventually evolves into a fascination with supernatural phenomena and horrors. The figurative and symbolic system of the Gothic novel also evolves, as demons and the deceased are replaced by the innocent image of a child or woman, erasing the gender boundaries of the villain hero as the primary catalyst of the plot.

THE HALF MOTHER: AN INQUIRY INTO THE POETICS OF RESISTANCE LITERATURE

“The Half Mother: An Inquiry into the Poetics of Resistance Literature” investigates the dynamic interplay between literary representation and political resistance in the context of the Kashmir conflict. This paper delves into how Shahnaz Bashir's novel, The Half Mother, exemplifies the genre of resistance literature by exploring the intersection of personal and collective trauma amidst a protracted conflict. The Kashmir Valley, historically a cradle of poetic and artistic expression, has faced profound devastation since the late 1980s due to a surge in violence and insurgency. This period, marked by intense militarization and human rights abuses, has given rise to a distinct body of English-language literature that seeks to authentically portray the lived experiences of its people.The study situates The Half Mother within the broader framework of resistance literature, drawing on Ghassan Kanafani's theoretical construct of resistance as both a cultural and political act. This study demonstrates how these literary efforts transcend mere chronicles of victimhood to engage in a profound examination of human resilience and the quest for self-determination. Bashir’s novel thus emerges as a pivotal text that not only contributes to the international literary discourse but also amplifies the voices of a marginalized and silenced population. The Half Mother encapsulates the transformation of individual suffering into a collective resistance, shedding light on the intrinsic link between literary creation and political struggle, and offering a poignant commentary on the enduring human spirit amidst adversity.

READING BOOKS: AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR ENHANCING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS

At most institutions of higher education, educating critical thinking is widely regarded as one of the central goals. Although a book of literature can be seen as a reproduction of our world within a single four-walled classroom, it has the potential to influence young minds and enhance critical analysis skills, particularly through language teachers. This paper emphasizes the importance of using literature as a medium to develop critical thinking competencies in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) learners. Reading encourages cognitive development, fosters critical thinking, and expands problem-solving skills. Literary genres provide learners with unique ideas, complex characters, and plots filled with twists that leave a lasting impression. Students are compelled to think deeply, critically, and analytically while reading, which helps them master certain higher-order thinking skills. They develop inferential skills, make connections between texts, and cultivate the ability to think about, and beyond, what is stated in a text based on evidence. Additionally, reading enhances creativity, imagination, and empathy, teaching students to see things from the perspectives of others and understand different traditions. Since the late 1950s or early 1960s, incorporating bookwork into language learning classrooms has been shown to foster not only language competence but also cognitive and metacognitive skills. Teachers guide students in shared conversations, reflective prompts, and cooperative efforts that require higher-order cognitive processing. This paper advocates for making extensive reading a key feature of English language instruction, highlighting its contributions to critical thinking, knowledge building, and the development of a reading habit that is essential for lifelong learning. Experimental in nature, this study uses a short story as a text to illustrate and explore the potential for critical thinking among English language learners. The research aims to demonstrate the quality of students' critical thinking by engaging them with a selected short story. In doing so, it seeks to reveal the insights, analyses, and interpretations that learners can produce as they interact with a narrative landscape. Specifically, the research aims to show that using short stories in English language learning encourages students' critical thinking.

THE ATTITUDE TO HUMOR AS A PEDAGOGICAL TOOL IN THE PERIOD OF ANTIQUITY

Purpose. To consider the process of formation of the pedagogical foundations of humor in the philosophical thought of Ancient times of the VIII century BC – V century AD. Methods. In the course of the study, the methods of historical and pedagogical research were used: retrospective, historical-structural, historiographical, historical-genetic, comparative, comparative, historical periodization method, which together allowed for a systematic analysis of the transformation of changes in attitude to humor from a phenomenon of the surrounding reality to an element of the educational process. Results. The process of formation of philosophical thought in relation to humor as a means of educational influence is summarized by demonstrating the development of the literature of Antiquity. The main literary genres containing elements of comedy and bearing an educational component are listed. The main concepts of the perception of humor (Aristophanes, Plato, Aristotle, Demetrius, Cicero) formed during this period are considered. A look at the Socratic dialogue system is given as one of the first humorous techniques in pedagogy. Practical implications. The obtained results can be applied in the creation of a unified overview of historical and pedagogical work devoted to the formation and development of humor as a special means of influence in pedagogy, as well as in solving applied didactic tasks in secondary and higher schools. The research materials can form the basis of lectures and seminars on the discipline «History of pedagogy and education» for students of pedagogical specialties and higher educational institutions.

Unveiling Translation's Role in Soft Power: The Case of the TEDA Project

Literary translation has been one of the most intriguing fields of study in terms of translation studies. Like other forms of translation, it encompasses not only linguistic transfer but also cultural transfer. Considering that cultural elements and literary features are prominent in literary texts, it is no surprise that literary translation gained significant ground in translation research. Despite the challenges faced in the process of literary translation, its contributions to literature, readers, and intercultural understanding outweigh. Apart from these, translation's role in fostering a country's soft power should not be underestimated. As a resource reflecting a nation's culture with abundant cultural elements, literary translation is one of the most substantial domains of translation that can have a pivotal role in soft power. In parallel with all these contributions of translation, the promotion of literature through translation on a global scale comes into prominence. Promoting literature belonging to less prevalent languages is even more crucial as the authors of such literature need to show more effort to make their voices heard in broader geographies. To fulfill this goal, translation projects that provide such an opportunity for authors play a significant role. From this point of view, this study aims to present a clear framework of literary works translated from Turkish literature into Spanish language within the scope of TEDA project funded by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The literary works translated into Spanish are presented based on elements such as the authors, translators, publishing houses, literary genres, countries, years, and titles of the books in the source language and target language. The results reveal that there is a remarkable amount of effort to make Turkish literature recognized in Spanish-speaking regions; however, there is still a long way to go as the number of translations and diversification in terms of authors, translators, and literary genres are still limited and translations of the book titles sometimes could not avoid stereotypes about Turkish culture.

DETECTIVE AS A LITERARY GENRE IN THE SYSTEM OF COPYRIGHT OBJECTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE PROTECTION CAPACITY

The article is devoted to the study of the detective as a literary genre as an object of copyright and the problem of criteria of protection. The detective in the Kazakh literature has not been widely distributed, and therefore arouses scientific interest. At the same time, it is the result of creative intellectual activity, the object of copyright. The article analyzes the features of the literary work, presents the points of view of Kazakhstani and foreign authors. However, not every work can be recognized as an object of copyright, in order to be recognized as such, the object must have certain characteristics in order to become protectable. Determining the criteria for the protectability of works is important when recognizing a work as subject to legal protection. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan recognizes creativity and the form of works as such. The article reveals the concepts of purpose, content, dignity, as well as ways and forms of expression of works. The legal literature presents different points of view to the study of the criteria of protectability: creativity, novelty, originality, etc. There is no unity of opinion in foreign practice, in the USA the level of creativity is considered as a criterion. Currently, the concept of determining the lower level of protection capacity, which distinguishes works with an insignificant level of creative character, is increasingly attracting attention. The judicial practice of the Republic of Kazakhstan in dispute resolution adheres to the approach of determining the existence of the creative nature of the work, the Copyright mark, using such tools as an author's expertise for borrowing material and coincidences of creative results. The establishment of criteria for the protection of works is an urgent problem that has a practical nature, and its resolution is necessary in order to determine which works can enjoy copyright protection.

TRANSFORMATION OF LITERATURE GENRES ON THE INTERNET(on the example of Kazakh authors)

This article discusses the genre typology of online literature based on works of art by Kazakh authors published and promoted on Internet platforms and social networks. The purpose of the article is to identify modifications of traditional genres in the online environment. Therefore, the main direction is to describe the subgenres that have arisen between traditional book-format literature and digital literature. Studying the transformation of literary genres on the Internet is relevant for understanding the evolution of literature under the influence of technologies and expands theoretical knowledge about Internet literature. In the course of the study, such scientific methods were used as an analysis based on comparative historical, typological, hermeneutic, cultural and historical methods of works of Kazakh literature published in electronic resources and an analysis of the factors that subject to the transformation of the genre and types of canonical genres was also carried out. As a result of the study, an assessment was made of the state of formation and development of developing electronic literature in Kazakhstan, and specific aspects of online literature were identified. Internet platforms where domestic authors are published were analyzed. It was concluded that the state of development of the modern literary process led to the assumption that, over time, several new types and genres of literary works are being formed on the Internet. It has been established that although samples of traditional literature in the Kazakh language are actively published on the Internet in the form of electronic versions, new technologies and the Internet have remained relatively the exact structure of works.The topic of Internet literature is very well developed and researched in Western and European countries. The value of this study is determined by the fact that a broad analysis of literary genres on the Internet was carried out using the example of domestic authors. The study's practical significance lies in using its results for the development of educational programs and the popularization of Kazakh literature on the Internet. The results of this study make it possible to use the obtained theoretical results and the collected material in the courses of modern literature and the media sphere.

A FORMAÇÃO EX-CÊNTRICA DE KAMBILI EM HIBISCO ROXO DE CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE

Postmodern aesthetics can be understood by its significant deconstructive content and this is observed in the dilution of artistic and literary standards, especially when issues of race, class, gender, or even nation are highlighted. It is through the deconstruction of paradigms that this research is directed, by analyzing the work of the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie entitled Hibisco Roxo (2011) in which she narrates the formation process of the teenager Kambili and the shy resistance cultivated in the girl that in the end points out for their possible emancipation. In this way, we analyze how the process of formation and de-formation occurs in its trajectory, which in addition to deconstructing the standard formation of perfectibility propagated by the traditional literary model, the Bildungsroman (Formation Novel), subverts it to the ex-perspective -centric of a girl, Nigerian and suffering from the sad legacies of colonialism and patriarchy. To do this, we will base ourselves on studies on the Bildungsroman and the chronotopic change undergone by the literary genre in the works of Bakhtin (1992), Cristina Ferreira Pinto (1990) and Wilma Patrícia Maas (2000); on the concept of eccentricity we are guided by the studies of literary critic Linda Hutcheon (1988) and on Emancipation we draw on discussions present in Kant (1783) and Adorno (1995).

Magical Phenomena in Reality in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson and The Olympians: The Lightning Thief

This research examines the elements of magical realism, using descriptive qualitative method, a literary genre depicting magic in the modern world, in Rick Riordan's "Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief." Applying Wendy B. Faris' theory of magical realism's five characteristics: the irreducible element, the phenomenal world, unsettling doubts, merging realism, and disruption of time/space/identity. The research identifies these aspects in the novel. The analysis reveals the novel contains irreducible magical elements like worlds, characters, and objects, exemplified by Percy's encounter with the shape-shifting monster Erinyes disguised as his teacher. The phenomenal world encompasses magical places and beings. Unsettling doubts arise from Percy directly addressing the reader about his experiences. Merging realism intertwines the magical realm rooted in myths with the tangible world, as monsters and gods frequently intermingle with reality. Disruption of time manifests when Percy experiences slowed time at the Lotus Hotel during his quest. The study concludes that "The Lightning Thief" exhibits all five characteristics of magical realism by integrating mythological magic into the contemporary setting. Irreducible magical elements, a phenomenal, magical world, narrator-induced unsettling doubts, the merging of mythical and real realms, and space-time distortions collectively categorize the novel as an exemplar of magical realist fiction.

The Last Bastion of European Romanticism: A Quantitative Analysis of Poetry in the Romanian Literary Magazine <em>Convorbiri literare</em> (1867–1916)

The article presents a quantitative analysis of poetry published in the most popular literary periodical of modern Romania, Convorbiri literare (CL), from its founding in 1867 to 1916, when Romania entered World War I. Often seen as the last major magazine of European Romanticism, CL appeared at a time when poetry was a privileged genre in Romanian literature, and it hosted in its pages both the national poet Mihai Eminescu and nineteenth-century’s most prominent Romanian literary critic Titu Maiorescu. Arguing that the publication and theorization of poetry was an integral part of one of the last nation-building processes in Europe, the article indexes and quantitatively analyzes all forms of poetry and of what can be viewed as poetic networks in CL. By using ARCANUM’s digital archive of more than 66,000 pages of CL, three strata of poetry-related metadata are extracted and examined: the local production of poetry (who published in CL and when, and how much did they publish); poetry imports (whose poetry was translated into Romanian in CL and when, and what were the authors’ origins); and networks of influence (which foreigners were most often mentioned in relation to the two most talked-about Romanian Romantic poets of the century, Eminescu and Vasile Alecsandri). Thus, the article aims to chart the national regime of relevance that applies to Romanian modern poetry by uncovering the international network of authors who were at the center of literary debates in CL.

The Saudi Epistolary Novel: A Study in the Formation and Transformation of a Literary Genre

Abstract The importance of the topic of this article lies in the fact that it is so rarely explored in the context of the Arabic novel and almost never in that of the Saudi novel, except for passing references. The article aims to clarify the concept of the epistolary novel—that is, the novel based on letters—and its earliest roots. It seeks to establish a concept of the Saudi epistolary novel and its value in Arabic fiction, highlighting the earliest Saudi examples and their impact on the Arabic novel in general. It also discusses some of the functions that the letter plays in a novel and observes the recent development of the Saudi epistolary novel, which has facilitated its openness to the new literature.

Nano-punk and Nanotechnology Genre in Literature: A Scientific and Cultural Analysis of Neal Stephenson’s The Diamond Age

Technology and society have been interconnected since the dawn of civilization. Literature has always served as an active medium to represent the interaction between these two fields. Fiction often utilizes technology as a backdrop for exploring societal conflicts. Science fiction, in particular, frequently depicts the complex interactions between technology and civilization. Nanopunk emerges as a significant genre within the realm of fiction, wherein the potential advantages and drawbacks of nanotechnology are explored within the imaginative landscapes of nanopunk narratives. This subgenre, a derivative of cyberpunk or biopunk, highlights forms of nanotechnology referred to as nano or nanites. Literature assumes a crucial role in depicting the nuances of nanopunk reality. In 1995, Neal Stephenson published his seminal science fiction novel, "The Diamond Age: Or, a Young Lady's Illustrated Primer." This novel delves into the intricate relationship between literature and technology within a dystopian future heavily influenced by molecular nanotechnology. Through its narrative, the novel raises pertinent questions regarding power dynamics and the sociological impacts of technological integration in a futuristic setting. This paper seeks to analyze the implications of these emerging technologies as portrayed through fiction and their potential effects on contemporary society and future generations. It concludes that literature, culture, and fiction will continue to wield significant influence in shaping societal perceptions and attitudes towards the future of nanotechnology.

Konektivitas Jawa-Bugis melalui Jalur Rempah Nusantara: Studi Komparasi Primbon Jawa dan Kutika Bugis

This research aims to compare the text contained in the Palintangan Palindhon Pakedutan Primbon Manuscript (Add 12311) in the collection of the British Library, which is in Javanese language, with the Kutika Ugi' Sakke Rupa (PRI/15/MMK/KKT 1530) in the collection of the Mulawarman Museum, East Kalimantan, which is in Bugis language. Both manuscripts contain text containing information on the quality of the days of the month. Both texts have the characteristics of primbon, namely a Javanese literary genre that contains various knowledge. Even though the Bugis people do not know the word primbon, the closeness of the Kutika Ugi' Sakke Rupa text to the Primbon Palintangan Palindhon Pakedutan shows that there is a connection between the two cultures that has been going on for a long time. Before the term primbon was known by Javanese people, namely during the Kawi era, the cross-culture was one of the impacts of trade activities on the spice route. Through the spice route, the two cultures are connected. The similarities and differences found in the two texts reinforce that the relationship between Javanese and Bugis is not only diplomatic but can also be found through material culture. This connection also explains that the similarities between the two are a monogenesis phenomenon.

Understanding the Nature and Elements of Poem

Poetry is an effective and prosperous instructional approach for the English language. For individuals who are acquiring knowledge of the English language, it serves as an exceptional method to enhance their skills in reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Poetry is an excellent method for instructing English due to its authenticity, capacity to enable children to articulate their thoughts and emotions, its role as a remarkable cultural representative, and its ability to enhance their language proficiency. Poetry is sometimes regarded as the most intricate genre of literature, as it explores a broad spectrum of lyrical, dramatic, and narrative themes. When teaching English through poetry, teachers must consider various elements, including the students' proficiency level, the selected texts, and their teaching approach. Examining the definition of poetry and its core components in great detail is challenging, if not unachievable, due to the lack of prior exploration on the subject. Poets have characterized poetry as the harmonious manifestation that arises from the fusion of intellect and imagination. Authors have included intellectual concepts and notions into poetry, alongside the rhythmic and imaginative aspects of the belletrists.

Genre Classification of Books in Russian with Stylometric Features: A Case Study

Within the literary domain, genres function as fundamental organizing concepts that provide readers, publishers, and academics with a unified framework. Genres are discrete categories that are distinguished by common stylistic, thematic, and structural components. They facilitate the categorization process and improve our understanding of a wide range of literary expressions. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset for genre classification of Russian books, covering 11 literary genres. We also perform dataset evaluation for the tasks of binary and multi-class genre identification. Through extensive experimentation and analysis, we explore the effectiveness of different text representations, including stylometric features, in genre classification. Our findings clarify the challenges present in classifying Russian literature by genre, revealing insights into the performance of different models across various genres. Furthermore, we address several research questions regarding the difficulty of multi-class classification compared to binary classification, and the impact of stylometric features on classification accuracy.