Generational Perspective Research Articles

Analysis of the Millennial Generation's Perspective Becoming Young Entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Previous research related to millennials who are interested in becoming young entrepreneurs, can be an interesting study, especially during the covid 19 pandemic. The research objectives are: 1. To find out the millennial generation's perspective on young entrepreneurs, 2. To identify the factors that influence the millennial generation to be young entrepreneurs and 3. To find out the form of productive economic business opportunities created by the millennial generations. This research is a qualitative type using a literature study approach. Scientific reference sources are taken from various sources that are relevant to the theme of the research carried out as well as from various reference books as a reference for the theory taken. The results showed that the millennial generation's perspective on young entrepreneurs during the current covid 19 pandemic, responded very positively, where the millennial generation who updated digital technology, and made technology a part of their lives, felt they had a greater opportunity to become a young entrepreneur.

Cognitions affecting innovation among generation Z entrepreneurs: the external enablement of digital infrastructure

PurposeThe current research aimed to investigate the external enablement role of Digital Infrastructures (DI) in the interplay of entrepreneurial cognitions and innovation.Design/methodology/approachData from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) were used for analyses. This yielded a sample of 8,601 Generation Z entrepreneurs operating in 25 European countries.FindingsApplying hierarchical moderated regressions showed that socio-cognitive components of an entrepreneurial mindset (self-efficacy, risk propensity, opportunity identification) affect innovation among Generation Z entrepreneurs. More importantly, DI plays an external enablement role in the interplay of cognitions and innovation among Generation Z entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the socio-cognitive theory of entrepreneurship by integrating an external enablement perspective into the study of cognitions and entrepreneurial outcomes (here, innovation). It contributes to the digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship by connecting the conversation about the socio-cognitive perspective of entrepreneurship regarding the role of cognitions in innovation to the conversation in information systems (IS) regarding technology affordances and constraints. This study extends the application of the external enabler framework to the post-entry stage of entrepreneurial activity and integrates a generational perspective into it.

Are Generations Really Divided by Climate? Preference for Conflict in Fridays for Future Media Coverage

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the role of the media in the representation of youth climate action, specifically the media tendency to construct the age-related aspects of climate change through a conflictual framing. A qualitative analysis of 347 articles on the Fridays for Future (FFF) activities produced by a diverse sample of the mainstream online Czech media reveals how media are generally absorbed by the generational perspective and conflict when covering the issue, but in two different ways reflecting the position towards the FFF. Conflictual framing is either based on a negative representation of the FFF movement itself, or, in the dominant case when the media are supportive of the movement, is created through an emphasis on the theme of intergenerational justice. We follow the theoretical approach of peace journalism calling for a substantial change in the media coverage of global crises and argue that, given the already polarised public opinion in Europe (and in the Czech Republic specifically), the media tendency to support yet another polarising perspective, based on age-differences this time, does not contribute to the possible solution of the problem.

From differences to strengths: strategies for embracing generational diversity at workplace

PurposeWith every successful organization embracing various facets of diversity in this new era, one such facet that is lesser talked about but has huge potential to bring organizational success is “Generational Diversity.” This paper emphasizes the significance of multiple generations in the workplace and suggests organization led strategies for achieving the benefits of generational diversity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on extant literature and knowledge in the field of generational diversity. By reviewing the characteristics, values, work styles and perspectives of multiple generations, this paper offer several strategies to successfully manage and leverage generational diversity.FindingsThis paper provides an overview of generational diversity and insights on its relevance at workplace. Besides, it also enlists and emphasizes eight different strategies that can help the organizations embrace and leverage the strengths of multiple generations at workplace.Practical implicationsDiversity & Inclusion (D&I) teams responsible for nurturing a diverse and inclusive culture at work can design and implement the strategies specified in this paper as per the suitability of their cohort(s) of employees to achieve the benefits of multigenerational workforce in organizations.Originality/valueGenerational diversity at workplace is an important factor toward achieving organizational success. For organizations with age-diverse workforce driving relentlessly toward success, there is a need to design and implement customized strategies and practices for managing multiple generations successfully. This study attempts to address this need by highlighting several organization led strategies to manage multiple generations successfully at workplace.

Research on Regional Carbon Emission Reduction in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration Based on System Dynamics: Key Factors and Policy Analysis

Urban agglomerations are regions where the economy and population are highly concentrated, which are also spatial units with more concentrated carbon emissions. A detailed decomposition of driving factors based on changes in carbon emissions of urban agglomerations can provide a reference for better carbon reduction policies. In this paper, we establish an evaluation framework of carbon emission drivers of urban agglomeration from the perspective of CO2 generation and removal using a system dynamics method. The key influencing factors and optimal emission reduction measures of carbon emissions in urban agglomerations are explored. The results are as follows: (1) The industrial structure is the key influencing factor of carbon emissions; (2) compared with no implementation of any policies, the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of integrated policies all significantly decrease, with a decrease of 43.68% and 53.32%, respectively in 2035; (3) energy structure adjustment has a significant effect in reducing carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity; (4) the role of increasing investment in technological innovation in ensuring achievement of “carbon peak” should not be ignored. It is found that integrated policies often exhibit a better emission reduction effect, but this effect is not a simple summation of the effects of each single policy.

Application of Organic Petrology and Raman Spectroscopy in Thermal Maturity Determination of the Karoo Basin (RSA) Shale Samples

An assessment performed using raman spectroscopy has found space in the black shales of the Cisuralian-age rocks of the Karoo Basin in South Africa, particularly those from the Guadalupian Ripon, Cisuralian Whitehill and Prince Albert Formations. It is used in conjunction with geochemical screening techniques such as organic petrology and programmed pyrolysis. In turn, the combination of these techniques is used for the assessment of the thermal maturity of the sedimentary organic matter from the perspective of hydrocarbon generation, retention, and expulsion. To provide further understanding of the black shales in the Cisuralian-age rocks of the Karoo Basin in South Africa, this study focuses on the characterization of samples from the KWV−01 borehole drilled in the southeastern Karoo Basin. In addition, the USA Devonian/Carboniferous Berea Sandstone project samples were included for comparison, and were used as a quality assurance measure. Organic petrology was utilized to assess the organic quality and thermal maturity of the black shales. The results obtained showed that the Karoo Basin shales are overmature, containing an abundance of solid bitumen, and this often characterizes a shale reservoir with moveable hydrocarbons (shale gas). The programmed pyrolysis analysis conducted on the black shales of the Karoo Basin yielded artifact results, as they were determined from a very low and poorly defined S2 peak. This indicated the shales to be overmature and categorized them to be of poor hydrocarbon generation potential. Raman spectroscopy was used to gain insights about the molecular structure of the black shales and to assess if this technique could be used as a complimentary tool to determine the thermal maturity of the shale samples. Raman parameters such as G–D1 Band separation, G and D1 band full width at half maximum (Gfwhm and D1fwhm) and G band position were successfully correlated with vitrinite reflectance (RoV), demonstrating a good potential for Raman spectroscopy to predict the thermal maturity of the shales. Overall, the study provides valuable information and knowledge concerning black shale sample characterization (particularly the thermal maturity and molecular structural characterization) in the Karoo Basin, South Africa.

Multiband spectral response inspired by ultra-high responsive thermally stable and self-powered Sb2Se3/GaN heterojunction based photodetector

Hetero-structuring of dissimilar materials provides an exciting pathway to achieve unique electrical and optical properties based on application demand. A combination of Sb2Se3 and GaN is a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications owing to the notable carrier mobilities and absorption coefficient. The thermal stability, low optical signal detection capabilities, and broad range spectral response of Sb2Se3/GaN heterostructure self-powered photodetector are assessed. A stable Sb2Se3/GaN heterostructure-based two-terminal device with excellent photoresponsivity of 1210 mAW−1 (self-power) and 2.3 × 106 mAW−1 (photoconductive @ 12V) with extremely low optical signal detection capability (650 nW) is designed. The devices can detect optical radiation across a broad spectrum from Deep Ultraviolet (250 nm) to Short Wave Infrared (1250 nm). Additionally, the assessment of the device revealed a distinct high-temperature resilience limit that allowed it to work as a thermally stable broadband photodetector. The heterostructure-based optical device demonstrates ultrahigh responsivities of 844 mAW−1 and 1.2 × 106 mAW−1 at 250 °C in the photovoltaic (0V) and photoconductive (12V) modes, respectively. The Sb2Se3/GaN heterostructure-based detector provides an excellent perspective for the next generation of thermally stable optoelectronic devices. The analysis better explains how heterostructure provides thermal stability and offers a viable approach for developing high-performance, self-powered, thermally stable broadband optical detectors.

Influence of frequency on the partial discharge characteristics of biaxially oriented polypropylene film under nanosecond pulse voltage

Partial discharge (PD) is one of the key factors leading to premature insulation failure of film capacitors used in pulse power devices. To study the effect of frequency on the PD characteristics of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, a sphere-plate electrode was used to simulate defects of the air gap between the film layers. PD experiments of the BOPP film were carried out under 1, 10, 100, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz with a rising edge of 65 ns and a pulse width of 300 ns. The results show that the repetitive partial discharge inception voltage (RPDIV), the number of discharges, the rising stage discharge (RSD) amplitude, and the falling stage discharge (FSD) time-lag, all show an increase and then decrease with increasing pulse frequencies and reach a maximum value at a pulse frequency of 100 Hz. Moreover, the FSD discharge amplitude and the RSD discharge time-lag increase with an increasing pulse frequency. From the perspective of initial electron generation, the quantitative mathematical relationship between PD characteristics (RPDIV, PD amplitude, PD number, and PD time-lag) and frequency was established based on the Fowler–Nordheim field emission effect for the first time, which can reflect the influence of frequency on the memory effect and the development process of PD. The results can provide an experimental basis and a mechanistic explanation for the evaluation of PD characteristics for film capacitors under nanosecond pulse voltage.

Uncertainty analysis of annual daylight metrics and energy yield weighting factors in optimising photovoltaic window orientation

Application of semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) windows in buildings has now become an emerging trend towards sustainable design practice. Such application requires a careful thought on finding the optimum window orientation. From the perspective of energy generation, equator-facing orientation is the best option. However, such orientation may lead to glare and visual discomfort. To solve this problem, optimisation is required, but the outcome often depends on the weighting factors of each metric considered. This study therefore aims to quantify the uncertainty of weighting factors in optimising PV window orientation, by considering various annual daylight metrics and energy yield. Computational modelling and simulation using Rhinoceros and Grasshopper were performed for a building prototype with a single, semi-transparent monocrystalline PV window, under the climate of Gowa, Indonesia (5.2°S). Weighting factor for each metric was randomised using Monte Carlo simulation for 1000 scenarios, and the uncertainty were analysed. When all metrics are considered, on average, the South orientation appears as the best orientation in 73% of the cases, followed by East (24%) and North (3%). When a single metric is assigned to each metric group, the South orientation still appears as the best orientation in 62% of the cases.

How does research and development (R&D) strategy shift by adopting imaginary future generations? – Insights from future design practice in a water engineering company

Conducting deliberation experiments involving the employees of a water engineering company, this study examined the effects that the adoption of “imaginary future generations (IFGs),” an innovative approach to overcome intergenerational conflict by generating futurability, had on the design of a vision for business strategy in 2050 and a policy for a research and development (R&D) strategy. Analysis was conducted using text mining of speech data recordings of participants’ discussions. Data from questionnaire surveys administrated to all participants were also analyzed to examine possible changes in their perceptions about criteria for designing R&D strategies. The results of the text mining revealed that by adopting IFGs, the speculative state of future society and business development as of 2050 and R&D strategies were changed from when envisioning from the perspective of current generations. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that items of criteria for designing R&D strategies, such as “client needs,” “differentiation from industry competitors,” “cost,” and “business models,” which had been emphasized when examined from the current generations’ perspective as important indicators, decreased in importance by adopting IFGs. We conclude that the adoption of IFGs could shift R&D strategy and induce new directions of technological innovations from the viewpoint of futurability.

Enhanced digestion of sludge via co-digestion with food waste in a high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor: Performance evaluation and microbial response

A 15 L high-solid mesophilic AnMBR was operated for the digestion of food waste, primary sludge and excess sludge. The digestion performance was evaluated from the perspective of methane generation, permeate quality and organic reduction. Furthermore, the change in the microbial community was investigated by 16S rRNA gene analysis. The results showed that the introduction of sludge decreased the H2S levels in biogas compared with the mono-digestion of food waste and the co-digestion with food waste increased biogas and methane production compared with the mono-digestion of sludge. A substitution ratio of 25 % became a turning point of permeate composition and reaction rates. The energy recovery ratios of the mesophilic AnMBR were over 75 % based on stoichiometric analysis. In reaction kinetics analysis, hydrolysis as the first step of anaerobic digestion was found to be most influenced by the composition of the substrate. Finally, the microbial community structures were stable under tested conditions while the evolutionary relationships within the dominant phyla were observed. In the archaea community, Methanosaeta was the dominant methanogen regardless sludge ratio in the substrate.

Stimulating Circular Urban Regeneration through Cultural and Sustainable Communities: The Proposal for a Green Blue Youth Vision 2030

In the European context, culture has a key role in sustainable development strategies. Within the framework of the UNESCO Culture 2030 Agenda, new cultural approaches support sustainable policies by affecting individual and collective behavior towards interpreting sustainability as a ‘common good’. This paper aims to define innovative sustainability strategies from the perspectives of younger generations, in order to understand the transformative potential of new cultural approaches to sustainability and common goods in achieving the Agenda 2030 goals. The ‘Green Blue Youth Vision 2030’ approach analyses the different multidimensional components of possible innovative cultural alternatives by emphasizing the potential of the proposals from young people. The initial results consist of defining “Green Blue Youth Vision 2030” proposals collected during the co-design roundtables, and analyzing key results from a survey on the direct and potential beneficiaries of the Green Blue Days project in Southern Italy. In conclusion, the research allows for preliminary reflections on the definition, by the new generations, of a new way of understanding sustainability as a common good, oriented towards overcoming cultural, economic, environmental, and social conflicts to stimulate circular urban regeneration in Southern Italy.

Young peoples’ environmentally sustainable tourism attitude and responsible behavioral intention

FinalidadLos impactos medioambientales del turismo se consideran desequilibrados. La implementación de la sostenibilidad medioambiental se centra en restablecer el equilibrio mediante un comportamiento responsable con el medio ambiente. Estudios recientes señalan que la Generación Z muestra niveles divergentes de comportamiento responsable con el medio ambiente en comparación con otras generaciones, pero también presenta diferencias intra-generacionales. Este estudio explora las razones y explicaciones subyacentes a sus actitudes e intenciones de comportamiento.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueCuatro grupos de discusión con jóvenes de la Generación Z permiten profundizar en su orientación hacia la sostenibilidad medioambiental.ConclusionesLos resultados de este estudio evidencian que la actitud medioambiental de la Generación Z está provocada por la presión social, medios sociales, así como por la pandemia del COVID-19. En cuanto a su intención de comportamiento turístico, se concentran predominantemente en los viajes respetuosos con el clima y la movilidad in situ, evitar residuos, así como en hacer hincapié en la sostenibilidad económica y social. Al destacar la responsabilidad que la Generación Z atribuye a la oferta y la demanda, además de inculcar la demanda para la creación de condiciones marco por parte de gobiernos y destinos, se amplía el alcance del conocimiento sobre la sostenibilidad medioambiental.Originalidad/valorEn particular, este estudio enriquece la investigación sobre el comportamiento responsable con el medio ambiente al incorporar la perspectiva de la Generación Z y profundizar en la comprensión del comportamiento de esta generación. Asimismo, los resultados de este estudio permiten desarrollar implicaciones para los responsables de las políticas turísticas.

Imaging‐Guided Cancer Therapy Based on Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles†

Comprehensive SummaryIn recent years, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have received great attention within the field of biomedicine, especially for cancer therapy. This is because MNPs have many excellent physical and chemical properties to provide sufficient imaging information along with satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, by virtue of various modification strategies, the obtained multifunctional MNPs can further achieve synergized multimodal cancer theranostic, which is worthy of further study. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in imaging‐guided strategies and synergistic cancer therapy based on multifunctional MNPs. Then, we discuss the challenge and perspective of the next generation of MNPs‐based imaging‐guided cancer therapy, hoping to provide guidance in potential applications.

A study on adaptive performance, work-related psychological health and demographics in Episcopal Church bishops

PurposeThe purpose of this research study was to explore the relationship between adaptive performance and work-related indicators of psychological well-being among ‘The Episcopal Church bishops.’Design/methodology/approachHierarchical regression models were used in this research study to explore the relationship between adaptive performance and work-related psychological health.FindingsThere was a positive correlation between adaptive performance and work-related psychological health. Demographic factors did not correlate to adaptive performance. However, a negative correlation was observed between the years ordained as a bishop and the interpersonal adaptability dimension of adaptive performance.Research limitations/implicationsManaging work stress has been revealed as an integral part of adaptive performance and satisfaction in ministry. Interpersonal adaptability and reactivity could be understood, then, as useful vehicles for increasing the capacity of bishops to manage work stress. In this research, the authors applied the Scale for Individual Adaptive Performance and the two scales Scale of Satisfaction in Ministry and Scale of Emotional Exhaustion in Ministry .Practical implicationsThe results provided insights into the behaviors necessary for adequate development of bishops in their role. The religious landscape was becoming more challenging from a revenue generation perspective. The resultant complexity and the financial strain would necessitate the need for development of different models of ministry for long-term sustainability. This could further necessitate a different set of knowledge creation related to a set of behavioral capacities like those of adaptive performance. Such insights would assist in the promotion and development of greater work-related psychological health in bishops while deepening their ability to deal with complex and uncertain environments. Furthermore, this would increase satisfaction in ministry through improved workplace management skills.Originality/valuePresently, very few studies empirically established the developmental needs of bishops as they entered, learned and grew into their leadership roles. Such insights would allow the formation programs for new bishops to be grounded in empirical data. Furthermore, this research study examined a largely unexplored population. This would provide a basis for a larger research agenda related to adaptive performance in judicatory leaders and their work-related psychological health. Consequently, it is posited that improved psychological health would result in better workplace learning.

2D Short‐Channel Tunneling Transistor Relying on Dual‐Gate Modulation for Integrated Circuits Application

AbstractWith continuous size scaling, the surface dangling bonds and short‐channel effects will degrade silicon based transistor performance. Thus, it is of great importance to seek new channel materials and transistor architectures to further continue Moore's law. Herein, a new ultra‐thin short‐channel tunneling transistor is developed comprising all 2D‐ components. Distinct from usual 2D planar transistor, this device is configured with vertical MoS2/WSe2 junction and in‐plane WSe2 channel, the switch states are realized by the gate‐regulated barrier height of heterojunction, enabling the transition of transport mechanism between thermionic‐emission and tunneling. Under dual‐gate configuration, the transistor exhibits high performance with drive current of 4.58 µA, on/off ratio of 4 × 107, subthreshold swing (SS) of 97 mV decade−1 and drain‐induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 12 mV V−1, that can meet the requirement of logical applications in integrated circuits (IC). Taking advantage of the high‐speed tunneling current and unique short‐channel architecture, the device overcomes the issues of voltage spikes and long reverse recovery time that exist in usual electric components, and thus gains an access to the IC interface. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept transistor architecture relying on dual‐gate modulation, opening up a promising perspective for next generation low‐power, high‐density, and large‐scale IC technologies.

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on hydrogen behavior on the surface of X70 pipeline steel

Hydrogen embrittlement is a serious phenomenon resulting in severe ductility deterioration of engineering materials due to the presence of hydrogen atoms. The low concentration of dissolved oxygen in deep-sea provide the condition for hydrogen production. Herein, the hydrogen permeation behavior in X70 pipeline steel in acid/alkaline environment under different hydrostatic pressure were investigated via electrochemical hydrogen permeation parameters. The results revealed the different trends of i∞ with increasing hydrostatic pressure. The phenomenon was described from the perspectives of hydrogen generation, absorption/desorption and permeation process by potentiodynamic polarization, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and EIS tests. The experimental permeation data were fitted with surface effect model and leads to the conclusion that the hydrostatic pressure greatly enhanced the adsorption rate and restricts the desorption rate of absorbed hydrogen atoms on the metal surface, thereby the process of atomic hydrogen compounding into hydrogen molecules is inhibited, leading to an increase in sub-surface hydrogen concentration (C0).

The Age of Contentment: Exploring Happiness through Generational Lenses in Pakistan

This study provides a comprehensive sociological exploration of happiness among older adults in Pakistan, drawing on a diverse array of socio-cultural factors. Utilizing a mixed-method approach that combines in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the research investigates the multifaceted dimensions of happiness, with particular emphasis on the satisfaction with meeting physiological demands, the generational shift from collectiveness to individuality, the role of social support and family, and a comparative analysis with the younger generation's perspectives. Key findings reveal the paramount importance of good health and basic health facilities in achieving happiness, with close family ties and economic stability acting as significant contributors. The intricate interplay between joint and nuclear family structures sheds light on the complex dynamics of personal freedom, independence, and the value of positive relations within the family. The study further uncovers the linkage between educational achievements and happiness, portraying a cohesive picture that aligns with broader societal values and norms. Cultural reflections unveil a specific understanding of happiness within the Pakistani context, highlighting the nuanced interactions between traditional values and modern aspirations. The findings offer profound implications for policymakers, educational institutions, and communities, emphasizing the need to foster supportive environments, nurture social connections, and understand the evolving nature of social relations within a rapidly changing society. Overall, the research contributes a rich and nuanced understanding of happiness, resonating with universal themes while deeply rooted in the specific socio-cultural landscape of Pakistan.

The Generative Perspective on Korean Constructions

The Generative Perspective on Korean Constructions

메타버스 전시환경내 알파세대를 위한 어포던스 요소에 관한 연구

Due to the global spread of the COVID-19 virus, virtual exhibitions based on untact have significantly increased in museums and art galleries. In order for the alpha generation as a new consumers to use metaverse exhibitions smoothly and effectively, adequate affordances based on behavior guidance should be provided in metaverse exhibition spaces, but research on this topic is lacking. In this study, all national museums and public art galleries in Korea were surveyed, and each affordances was evaluated based on the analysis conditions for the alpha generation extracted through prior research according to the concept of affordances by Hartson. As a result, while functional affordances were mostly met in virtual exhibitions, there were some limitations in physical and sensory affordances that could hinder the smooth use of metaverse exhibitions by the alpha generation, especially considering the lack of supply compared to demand. In addition, limitations were found due to the fact that it was conducted on a single medium. This study is significant in that it applies affordances to metaverse exhibition environments from the perspective of the alpha generation and proposes behavior guidance that they can use smoothly.