In this paper, the rogue waves of the higher-order dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger (HDNLS) equation are investigated, which describes the propagation of ultrashort optical pulse in optical fibers. The rogue wave solutions of HDNLS equation are constructed by using the modified Darboux transformation method. The explicit first and second-order rogue wave solutions are presented under the plane wave seeding solution background. The nonlinear dynamics and properties of rogue waves are discussed by analyzing the obtained rational solutions. The influence of little perturbation ε on the rogue waves is discussed with the help of graphical simulation.