Abstract
In this paper we explore the limits of the unidirectional pulse propagation equation (UPPE) in general nonlinear media. Our main aim is to investigate under which physical conditions two-way propagation becomes significant, and leads to a breakdown of the unidirectional approximation. Using a spectral constraint appearing in the derivation of UPPE we derive a first correction which renormalizes the forward-propagating amplitude. This correction is the main result of our paper and we investigate its effects through numerical simulations.
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