H2O2 Generation Research Articles

Boosting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Contact‐Electro‐Catalysis with FeIII‐Initiated Self‐cycled Fenton System

AbstractContact Electro‐Catalysis (CEC) using commercial dielectric materials in contact‐separation cycles with water can trigger interfacial electron transfer and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the inherent hydrophobicity of commercial dielectric materials limits the effective reaction sites, and the generated ROS inevitably undergo self‐combination to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In typical CEC systems, H2O2 does not further decompose into ROS, leading to suboptimal reaction rates. Addressing the generation and activation of H2O2 is therefore crucial for advancing CEC. Here, we synthesized a catalyst by loading the dielectric material polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) onto ZSM‐5 (PTFE/ZSM‐5, PZ for short), achieving uniform dispersion of the catalyst in water for the first time. The introduction of an FeIII‐initiated self‐cycling Fenton system (SF‐CEC), with the synergistic effects of O2 activation and FeIII‐activated H2O2, further enhanced ROS generation. In the FeIII‐initiated SF‐CEC system, the synergistic effects of ROS and protonated azo dyes enabled nearly 99 % degradation of azo dyes within 10 minutes, a sixfold improvement compared to the CEC system. This represents the fastest degradation rate of methyl orange dye induced by ultrasound to date. Without extra oxidants, this system enabled stable dissolution of precious metals in weakly acidic solutions at room temperature, achieving 80 % gold dissolution within 2 hours, 2.5 times faster than similar CEC systems. This study also corrects the unfavorable perception of CEC applications under acidic conditions, providing new insights for the fields of dye degradation and precious metal recovery.

Inhibition of inorganic chlorinated byproducts formation during electrooxidation treatment of saline phenolic wastewater via synergistic cathodic generation of H2O2

The electrochemical treatment of saline wastewater is prone to the formation of inorganic chlorinated byproducts, being a significant challenge for this technology. In this study, we introduce an electrooxidation system utilizing a self-supporting nitrogen-doped carbon-based cathode embedded in carbon cloth (N@C-CC), designed to generate H₂O₂. This system aims to rapidly neutralize free chlorine produced at the anode, a precursor to inorganic chlorinated byproducts, thereby reducing their formation. Our results demonstrate that using the N@C-CC cathode in saline wastewater treatment yielded considerably lower concentrations of ClO₃⁻ and ClO₄⁻ (0.08 mM and 0.024 mM, respectively), which were only 20.5% and 22.7% of the levels produced using a Pt cathode without H₂O₂ generation. Moreover, the presence of cathodically generated H₂O₂ that quenches free chlorine did not significantly impact the degradation performance of phenol. Electron paramagnetic resonance tests and quenching experiments indicated that 1O₂ was primarily responsible for phenol removal. Validation with real wastewater demonstrated reductions of 68.6% and 56.3% in ClO3− and ClO4− concentrations, respectively, while effectively removing other pollutants. This study thus offers a compelling method for mitigating the formation of inorganic chlorinated byproducts during the electrooxidation of saline wastewater.

Polymerizable Ionic Liquid-Derived N, S co-Doped sp3/sp2 Carbon as Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Generation.

The H2O2 generation via the green electrochemical process is of high interest. For the H2O2 electrochemical generation, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important. Unfortunately, the ORR is kinetically sluggish and catalysts are needed. However, noble metal ORR catalysts are pricy and scarcely applicable in applications. Therefore, non-precious metal catalysts are desired. Heteroatom-doped carbons show promise as metal-free ORR catalysts. The ORR catalytic activity will be enhanced by the carbon's sp2 and/or sp3 engineering. For N, S co-Cdoped and sp2/sp3 modulated carbon, a polymerizable ionic liquid of hydrolyzed vinyl imidazolium was studied. The carbon is studied as a metal-free catalyst for the ORR via the 2e- process. It is possible to get an onset potential of 0.88 V vs. RHE with approximately 50 % selectivity for the H2O2. The current study offers a simple technique for synthesizing heteroatom-doped sp2/sp3 designed carbon as catalysts for the electroreduction of O2 to produce H2O2, and a new way of tunning the sp3/sp2 carbon catalytic activity by modulating the ionic liquid.

Supramolecular PEG-DNA-Ferrocene Nanogels for Synergistically Amplified Chemodynamic Therapy via Cascade Reactions.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been limited by the tumor microenvironment, such as the low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The combination of therapeutic strategies that increase H2O2 with CDT can synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect. Herein, a novel supramolecular PEG-DNA-ferrocene nanogel that can codeliver glucose oxidase (GOx) and the hypoxia-activable prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) was developed to synergistically amplify CDT via cascade reactions. The DNA nanogel was size-controllable and DNase I-responsive and exhibited good biocompatibility. Induced by oxygen consumption and H2O2 generation in the catalytic reaction of GOx, the drugs TPZ and ferrocene in the nanogel underwent the hypoxia-based reaction and the Fenton reaction, respectively. The vitro model tests, intracellular ROS test, MTT experiments, and DNA damage assay demonstrated that the H2O2-based cascade Fenton reaction and the hypoxia-based cascade reaction obviously increased ·OH generation and promoted the apoptosis of cancer cells. This cascade supramolecular nanoplatform provided a promising therapeutic strategy to synergistically amplify CDT.

Modulating Yeager Adsorption Configuration of O2 Through Cd Doping in Zn3In2S6 for Photosynthesis of H2O2

AbstractThe photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key pathway for producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While most previous studies have focused on the two‐step 2e− ORR process, the one‐step two‐electron ORR route offers thermodynamic and kinetic advantages that can significantly enhance 2e− ORR activity and selectivity. In this study, a photocatalyst design is reported by incorporating cadmium into vacancy‐rich Zn3In2S6 (Cd‐SV/ZIS). This catalyst enables H2O2 production via a one‐step 2e− ORR process without the use of sacrificial agents, achieving a high H2O2 yield of 39.42 µmol g−1 min−1 under UV–vis light irradiation, outperforming most reported ZIS‐based photocatalysts. Theoretical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that Cd doping improves the carrier kinetics of the catalyst, broadens its light absorption range, and promotes the Yeager adsorption configuration of O2, leading to highly active and selective H2O2 generation. This study provides insights into the design of efficient ZIS‐based photocatalysts for H2O2 production.

Construction of ternary hierarchical heterostructures with favorable interfacial compatibility for ultrahigh photocatalytic H2O2 production

Sluggish charge transfer dynamics are still the key issue limiting the development of photocatalysis. In this study, CdS/ZnIn2S4/MIL-53-NH2 ternary hierarchical heterostructures were constructed via a building block approach, where ZnIn2S4 lamellae first grow on MIL-53-NH2 followed by CdS nanoparticle deposition. The favorable interfacial compatibility and ternary heterostructures contribute to rapid and multistep spatial charge transfer, which suppresses charge recombination. Therefore, ultrahigh H2O2 production of 1792 μmol·L−1 was obtained over CdS/Znln2S4/MIL-53-NH2 composites with visible light, pure water and ambient air, which is not only higher than that of each monomer and binary heterostructure but also better than those of most reported references. Notably, the apparent quantum yield reached 4.5 % at 400 nm, and the solar-to-H2O2 conversion efficiency was 0.081 % in pure water and ambient air. Additionally, H2O2 generation over CdS/Znln2S4/MIL-53-NH2 composites involves two-electron O2 reduction with ·O2- as an intermediate. This work may encourage heterostructure design for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production.

Fabrication of boron modified bi-functional air diffusion electrode for ciprofloxacin degradation: In-situ H2O2 generation and self-activation

In order to improve H2O2 in-situ generation in electrochemical system, a boron (B) modified air diffusion electrode (B@ADE) was fabricated in the present study. Carbon black (CB) doped by B was deposited on ADE surface as catalytic layer. Performance of B@ADE with different B/C mass ratios has been investigated and 0.3 was identified as the optimal one·H2O2 yield can be achieved 204.85 mg L-1 within 45 min at 0.3-B@ADE, which was 1.51 times for that of ADE. Meanwhile, H2O2 self-activation on B@ADE surface was observed and effects of different operating parameters on •OH formation have been analyzed. XPS analyzation demonstrated that BC2O, BC2O and C=O/O-C=O were related to H2O2 generation. DFT calculation revealed that BCO2 was benefit for O2 adsorption, while BC2O promoted *OOH desorption with lower free energy barriers for H2O2 and •OH generation. Quenching experiments for ciprofloxacin (CIP) demonstrated that •OH, O2•- and 1O2 were co-existed in the system with their contribution quantified. Four possible degradation pathways were proposed through active sites identification by DFT calculation and intermediates detection by HPLC-MS/MS. Bio-toxicity analyzation results showed that the toxicity of most intermediates was lowered than CIP. These results proved that electrochemical oxidation system with B@ADE enhanced in-situ H2O2 generation and self-activation, with great potential for practical application.

Enhancement of Growth and Lipid Production in Microalgae Using Aggregation-Induced Emission Based Luminescent Material for Sustainable Food and Fuel.

AIEbased nanomaterials are progressively gaining momentum owing to their evolvement into an interdisciplinary field ranging from biomass and biomolecule yield to image-guided photodynamic therapy. This study focuses on a novel strategy to enhance growth, lipid accumulation, and in vivo fluorescence visualisation in green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using AIE nanoparticles to quantify radical changes. The absorption of AIE photosensitiser, TTMN was recorded from 420 to 570 nm with a peak at 500 nm, and the emission ranged from 550 to 800 nm with a peak at 650 nm. As a ROSmolecule, H2O2 generation of TTMN in C. reinhardtii cells was detected with AIE nanoprobes TPE-BO. H2O2 accumulation increased with the increase of TTMN concentrations. The maximum growth was observed at 10 µM TTMN-exposed C. reinhardtii cells. Significant lipid accumulation was found in both 10 and 15 µM TTMN-treated cells. For lipid visualisation, an AIE nanoprobe, 2-DPAN was used, and superior fluorescence was determined and compared with the traditional BODIPY dye. Cytotoxicity analysis of 10 µM TTMN on the HaCat cell line with 86.2% cell viability revealed its high biocompatibility on living cells. This AIE-based nanotechnology provides a novel approach for microalgae-derived sustainable biomass and eco-friendly biofuel production.

Synergetic Enzyme-Incorporated Metal-Organic Framework and Polyoxometalate Nanozyme: Achieving Stable Tandem Catalysis for Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Bioanalysis.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) has emerged as a promising technique for biomolecule detection, yet its operational rationale remains limited due to its short development time. This study introduces a stable tandem catalysis protocol by synergizing the enzyme-incorporated metal-organic frameworks (E-MOFs) with polyoxometalate (POM) nanozyme for sensitive OPECT bioanalysis. The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) acts as the skeleton to protect the encapsulated glucose oxidase (GOx), allowing the stable catalytic generation of H2O2. With peroxidase-like activity, a phosphotungstic acid hydrate (PW12) is then able to utilize the H2O2 to induce the biomimetic precipitation on the photogate, ultimately resulting in the altered device characteristics for quantitative detection. This work reveals the potential and versatility of an engineered enzymatic system as a key enabler to achieve novel OPECT bioanalysis, which is believed to offer a feasible framework to explore new operational rationale in optoelectronic and bioelectronic detection.

Step-Scheme SnO₂/Zn₃In₂S₆ Catalysts for Solar Production of Hydrogen Peroxide From Seawater.

Photocatalytic generation of H₂O₂, involving both oxygen reduction and water oxidation without sacrificial agents, necessitates maximized light absorption, suitable band structure, and efficient carrier transport. Leveraging the redox capacity this study designs and constructs a step-scheme heterostructured SnO₂/Zn₃In₂S₆ catalyst for H₂O₂ production from seawater under ambient conditions for the first time. This photocatalyst demonstrates a remarkable H₂O₂ production rate of 43.5µmol g⁻¹ min⁻¹ without sacrificial agents, which can be increased to 80.7µmol g⁻¹ min⁻¹ with additional O₂ injection. Extensive in situ and ex situ characterizations, supported by theoretical calculations, reveal efficient carrier transport and robust redox ability, enabling complete photosynthesis of H₂O₂ at the oxidation and reduction sites in the S-scheme SnO₂/Zn₃In₂S₆ heterojunction. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that substituting SnO₂ with other semiconductors such as TiO₂, WO₃, and BiVO₄ can all form S-scheme and the results confirm the feasibility of such catalyst design. Additionally, it demonstrates the recycling and further utilization of the H₂O₂ produced. These findings offer new insights into the design of heterostructure catalyst architectures and present new opportunities for H₂O₂ production from seawater at ambient conditions without sacrificial agents.

Water/oil interfacial photocatalysis of amphiphilic CdS/Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunctions for efficient production and spontaneous separation of H2O2 and value-added organics

The photocatalytic co-production of H2O2 and value-added organics in a suitable water/oil biphasic system offers an intriguing strategy to address the challenges encountered in a single liquid-phase solution, including the efficient separation of H2O2 and organic products as well as the mitigation of undesirable secondary reactions. For this, exploring amphiphilic photocatalysts with high performance is highly required. Herein, an amphiphilic CdS/Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst is designedly synthesized through a two-step solvothermal process, aiming to achieve efficient interfacial photocatalytic reactions at the water/oil interface for simultaneous generation and selective separation of H2O2 and organic products. The CdS/Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits enhanced light absorption in UV–visible region, increased electron-hole separation efficiency, and powerful charge carriers with high redox abilities. Moreover, the formation of S-scheme heterojunction improves the catalyst stability by preventing CdS from photocorrosion. As a result, the production rate of H2O2 reaches up to 216.76 mmol g−1 h−1, accompanied by the generation of organic products (benzaldehyde: 104.91 mmol g−1 h−1, benzoic acid: 49.88 mmol g−1 h−1, and benzyl benzoate: 38.01 mmol g−1 h−1), in a water/benzyl-alcohol biphasic system under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic mechanism is elucidated based on the results of comprehensive experiments and characterizations. This study highlights a rational construction of amphiphilic photocatalysts and their application in organic/water interfacial photocatalytic reactions.

Alkali metal cation adsorption–induced surface polarization in polymeric carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation on the catalyst surface from oxygen is an electron-demanding process, making the construction of an electron-rich surface highly advantageous. In this study, a localized electric field was observed on the surface of polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4) when alkali metal cations were adsorbed onto it. These fields effectively inhibited surface carrier recombination and extended their lifespan, thereby enhancing H2O2 production. As a result, g-C3N4 achieved a superior H2O2 yield of 2.25 mM after 1 h in a 0.25 M K+ solution, which was 2.06 times greater than that (1.09 mM) achieved in a pure solvent. Notably, the increase in photocatalytic efficiency showed a remarkable dependence on ion species. At low concentrations, H2O2 generation efficiency was in the order of Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+. However, after optimizing the ion concentration, the highest H2O2 production was achieved in a solution containing K+ instead of Cs+. Molecular dynamics simulations and temperature-dependent photocatalysis experiments revealed that the synergistic interaction between adsorption energy and adsorption distance was crucial in governing the extent to which alkali metal cation adsorption enhanced g-C3N4 photocatalytic H2O2 production. This study provides theoretical insights for the design of materials for electron-demanding photocatalysis and aids in understanding variations in photocatalytic behavior in natural waters.

Doping-Engineered Piezoelectric Ultrathin Nanosheets for Synergistically Piezo-Chemocatalytic Antitumor and Antibacterial Therapies Against Cutaneous Melanoma.

The post-surgical melanoma recurrence and wound infections have persistently troubled clinical management. Piezocatalytic therapy features high efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) for tumor therapy, but it faces limitations in piezoelectricity and redox-active site availability. Herein, Fe-doped ultrathin Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets (designated as Fe-UBTO NSs) with synergistically piezo-chemocatalytic activity are engineered for antitumor and antibacterial treatment against cutaneous melanoma. The doping-engineered strategy induces oxygen vacancies and lattice distortions in Fe-UBTO NSs, which narrows bandgap to enhance piezocatalytic 1O2 and H2O2 generation by improving the electron-hole pairs separation, hindering their recombination, and increasing oxygen adsorption. Moreover, Fe doping establishes a piezo-chemocatalytic system, in which the piezocatalysis enables the self-supply of H2O2 and expedites electron transfer in Fenton reactions, inducing increased ·OH production. Besides, the atomic-level thickness and expanded surface area enhance the sensitivity to ultrasound stimuli and expose more redox-active sites, augmenting the piezo-chemocatalytic efficiency, and ultimately leading to abundant ROS generation. The Fe-UBTO-mediated piezo-chemocatalytic therapy causes intracellular oxidative stress, triggering apoptosis and excessive autophagy of tumor cells. Moreover, this strategy accelerates wound healing by facilitating sterilization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. This work provides distinct options to develop doping-engineered ultrathin nanosheets with augmented piezo-chemocatalytic activity for postoperative management of cutaneous melanoma.

Plasmon and N-vacancy synergistically enhanced tubular carbon nitride-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with one stone five birds function: Pathways, DFT calculation and mechanism insight

From the perspectives of innovation and broad-spectrum, tubular carbon nitride-based photocatalyst, viz., Ag/AgI/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, with enhancement of nitrogen vacancy and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect is reasonably devised and manufactured via combining hydrothermal, calcination and photo-reduction techniques. The optimal specimen displays high photocatalytic activity in removal of dyes (such as crystalline violet, 100.00 %/60 min), antibiotics (such as levofloxacin, 88.72 %/50 min) and Cr6+ (100.00 %, 30 min), photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (1023.3 μmol h−1 g−1) and H2O2 generation (866.2 μmol h−1 g−1), achieving broad-spectrum natures, viz., realizing the function of “one stone five birds”. The broad-spectrum natures are attributed to the synergisms of nitrogen vacancy, LSPR effect of Ag, hollow tube structure and S-scheme heterojunction, which facilitate the separation and migration of photo-generated carriers and inject “hot electrons” generated by Ag into the conduction band of Ag/AgI/g-C3N4, increase the specific surface area and broaden the spectral response range. Further, the degraded intermediates of crystalline violet and levofloxacin and possible degradation pathways are rationally advanced by the aid of LCMS spectra, and synergistically enhanced photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/AgI/g-C3N4 hollow tube S-scheme heterojunction is confirmed based upon a series of sound experiments, fs-TA spectra, in-situ XPS and DFT calculation, etc.

Hydroxyl-enriched hydrous tin dioxide-coated BiVO4 with boosted photocatalytic H2O2 production

The rapid decomposition of H2O2 on the surface of inorganic photocatalyst (BiVO4) and insufficient proton supply from water leads to a low photosynthetic yield of H2O2. Herein, hydrous tin dioxide (HSnO) with massive hydroxyl groups was coated on the BiVO4 surface to greatly improve the photocatalytic H2O2 activity via simultaneous realization of providing sufficient protons and inhibiting H2O2 decomposition. After the coating of HSnO, Au nanoparticles as the O2-reduction active sites were selectively deposited on the (010) facet of BiVO4 to synthesize the Au/BiVO4@HSnO photocatalyst. The resulting Au/BiVO4@HSnO photocatalyst exhibits excellent H2O2-production performance, in which the photogenerated H2O2 concentration (210.7 ​μmol ​L−1) is about 4.8 times higher than that of the Au/BiVO4 after 2 ​h light irradiation in pure water. The outstanding photocatalytic performance can be attributed to simultaneous enhancement of H2O2 generation and the suppression of H2O2 decomposition by HSnO coating. Specifically, the HSnO coating with massive hydroxyl groups provides enough protons to promote the catalytic transformation of O2 into H2O2 on Au nanoparticles. More importantly, the HSnO coating not only allows water macular to effectively permeate onto BiVO4 surface for rapid oxidation reaction, but also greatly inhibits the reverse reaction of H2O2 decomposition via decreasing its affinity with BiVO4 surface. This research offers new insights for boosting photocatalytic H2O2 production through surface coating strategy.

Bi3TiNbO9/Bi2S3 Heterojunction for Efficient Photosynthesis of H2O2 in Pure Water

AbstractHeterojunction engineering has been deemed one of the most promising strategies for promoting charge separation and improving solar‐to‐chemicals efficiency. Howbeit, constructing well‐defined nanoheterojunction with superior photocatalytic activity for H2O2 generation and a clear reaction mechanism remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an in situ vulcanization way to synthesize an intriguing 2D/1D Bi3TiNbO9/Bi2S3 heterojunction by growing Bi2S3 nanorods on Bi3TiNbO9 microsheet is used for the first time, where an S‐scheme charge transfer mechanism is formed that facilitates the spatial separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the in situ grown Bi2S3 on Bi3TiNbO9 can optimize the interfacial electronic structure and the reaction energy barriers. As a result, the H2O2 yield rate for Bi3TiNbO9/Bi2S3 can reach 810(2) µmol g−1 h−1 without any sacrificial agents and cocatalysts, ≈6.18 and ≈18.0 times of pristine Bi3TiNbO9 and Bi2S3, respectively. Importantly, the heterojunction unveiled unprecedented stability, remaining ≈95.46(2)% of the initial one after 13 continuous cycles. This work highlights an innovative in situ vulcanization strategy to engineer oxide perovskite/metal sulfide nanocomposite catalysts for artificial photosynthesis of H2O2, opening new opportunities for achieving highly efficient photocatalyst systems.

Novel electron activation of pollutants for driving its energy to boost H2O2 generation and wastewater purification

Dual-photocatalysis for synchronous H2O2 production with contaminant degradation presents a promising approach to addressing the energy crisis and environmental pollutantion that prevails in the indirect conversion of pollutant energy into chemical energy. Herein, a novel activation strategy that leverages visible-light and the n-state sites to harness antibiotic electrons to generate H2O2 in a dual-photocatalysis process is demonstrated. With n-state sites on g-C3N4 (CBCN), ciprofloxacin (CIP) molecules tend to be absorbed on their surface and transfer electrons to the n-state site to lower the surface energy of CIP-CBCN. These electrons stored in the n-state site are then activated by visible-light to reduce molecular oxygen into H2O2. As CIP loses electrons, its degradation is accelerated. Therefore, in this novel electron activation process, the CIP energy is converted into chemical energy, driving the self-degradation of CIP. This results in a remarkable H2O2 yield of 95 μmol L−1 achieved synchronously with 99.9 % CIP removal after 40 min of visible-light irradiation.

In-situ generation of bifunctional reagents via Al/C microelectrolysis for efficient coagulation–Fenton oxidation treatment of leachate MBR effluent

Coagulation–Fenton oxidation stands as a prevalent method for organic pollutant removal from MBR effluent in landfill leachate. However, its dependence on intricate coagulant preparation and hazardous H2O2 handling presents challenges in logistics. Herein, a novel Al0/C–N, Cl composite was developed via high-energy ball milling and high-temperature sintering, which facilitates in situ generation of H2O2 and aluminum salt coagulant upon stirring in oxygen-containing aqueous solutions. Under conditions of 2 g/L Al0/C–N, Cl and initial pH 9, H2O2 production achieved 459 mg/L within 1 h, yielding an Al3+/H2O2 bifunctional reagent. Subsequent coagulation in MBR effluent and Fenton oxidation achieved removal efficiencies of 85.5 %, 76.4 %, and 99.3 % for UV254, total organic carbon, and chromaticity, respectively. The efficient degradation of refractory fulvic-like substances was obtained from this novel “coagulation–Fenton” hybrid process without additional coagulants and H2O2. These results illustrated that the hybrid process is a promising and efficient technology for the advanced treatment of landfill leachate.

Shape-controllable synthesis of lignin-derived boron-doped nanoporous carbons for dye adsorption and electrochemical H2O2 production

Lignin-derived nanocarbon materials (LNCMs) have attracted intense attention due to their excellent properties and promising applications in renewable energy technologies. However, lignins tend to melt and agglomerate during pyrolysis, make it difficult to control the morphology and pore structure of the resulting carbon. In this study, boron-doped porous nanocarbon (BFC) in various shapes (sphere, band, and sheet) were synthesized using ammonium borate as a crosslinking agent to prevent lignin melting, assisted by liquid nitrogen freeze-drying and potassium phosphate (KP) templating. The effects of BFC structure on methylene blue adsorption and electrochemical generation of H2O2 were investigated. The results show that KP-1/1-8BFC exhibits a high specific surface area (912.89 m2/g) and a hierarchical micro-mesoporous structure, achieving a remarkable adsorption capacity of 473.9 mg/g for methylene blue and rapid kinetics. The selectivity of KP-1/20-8BFC for electrochemical production of H2O2 reaches 85 %. This study offers theoretical guidance for the controllable synthesis of LNCMs, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.

Photoredox-promoted from full spectrum photo-driven co-production of dihydroxyacetone and hydrogen peroxide over OV-Bi2O2S/ZnIn2S4 with Bi-S-In bridges

Photocatalysis leveraging solar energy to generate charge carriers presented a potentially sustainable strategy for the co-production of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The development of photocatalysts capable of broadband light absorption across the entire spectrum coupled with the presence of suitable active sites, was highly desirable. In this study, a novel Ov-Bi2O2S/ZnIn2S4 (Ov-BOS/ZIS) catalyst featuring Bi-S-In bridges was successfully synthesized. This catalyst exhibited oxygen vacancies (OV) and a high density of Bi and In sites within the Bi-S-In bridges, demonstrating exceptional activity and stability in photocatalytic systems. Experimental results revealed that photocatalytic co-production of H2O2 and DHA in one photoredox. Moreover, the tightly bonded heterointerfaces, characterized by unique Bi-S-In bridges, reduced the energy barriers for O2 activation and *OH coupling, thereby facilitating the generation of H2O2 and DHA. The incorporation of Bi-S-In bridges into the Ov-BOS/ZIS catalyst led to a high H2O2 production rate of 67.57 mmol•g−1•h−1.