General Structural Model Research Articles

Funktionskreis and the stratificational model of semiotic structures: Jakob von Uexküll, Luis Prieto and Louis Hjelmslev

The main aim of this article is to show how a possible theoretical articulation between Uexküll’s notion of Funktionskreis and the stratificational model of semiotic structures proposed by Louis Hjelmslev can be made. In order to bridge the gap between these two models, Luis Prieto’s model of cognition will be used. The advantage of Prieto’s model is that it retains the Hjelmslevian stratificational ideas (i.e. a semiotic structure is made up of an expression and a content plane, each one with a dimension of form and substance), while it also pays attention to agency and practice. To put it briefly, according to Prieto the foundation of practice and knowledge is to be found on aisthesis. Hence, as in Uexküll, there is a way to merge action with perception, while retaining the semiotic structure that makes such a merging possible. The key point, however, is that Prieto’s model calls for an “ontological commitment” to the substance strata (both in expression and in content to some extent). Therefore, bridging Uexküll and Hjelmslev via Prieto suggests a possible way to provide a general structural model of semiosis which is closer to semiotic realism than to immanentism usually attributed to structuralism.

Vibration Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminated Plates with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

A Fourier series method based on Mindlin theory and Hamilton variation principle has been proposed for the vibration modeling and analysis of composite laminated plates with arbitrary boundary conditions, in which the vibration displacements are sought as the linear combination of a double Fourier cosine series and auxiliary series functions. Three types of constrained springs are introduced to establish a general structural model of composite laminates, and the vibration model is established by combining the Hamilton energy principle. The accuracy, efciency and validity of the two solutions presented are demonstrated via comparison with published results. The influence of boundary conditions, laying angle and laying layer on vibration characteristics is analyzed. And it can be seen that the frequency of the structure increases with the increasing of the spring stiffness and the number of laying layers of the boundary of the laminated plate structure.

Mathematical model of geometric parameters of modular cutting tools

The paper presents a computerized method of geometric parameters determination for modular cutting tools. This method allows designing the tools with preset parameters of a cutting point, setting tolerances for machining of locators, and selecting a precision class for cutting inserts and shims depending on precision requirements of a tool. Mathematical and software implementation of this method is based on the principles of analytic geometry and vector-matrix analysis. The general structure of a mathematical model is represented by a graph plotted on multiple local coordinates systems of assembly components of a tool. Communications between coordinate systems are established through transition matrices. Analytic expressions are produced to calculate geometric parameters of a tool assembly depending on geometric parameters of cutting inserts and seat orientation parameters.

Теоретична модель творчої особистості майбутнього режисера-педагога

The aim of the work is to identify new approaches to creating a model of creative personal directorteacher, its structure, definition of the development of individual talent. The methodology of the research is to combine the analytical, functional, comparative, cultural, systematic and axiomatic methods for studying the main components of the personality formation of the future directorteacher. The author of this article is guided by the conceptual fundamentals of a pedagogical creativity, in particular, that the formation of the model of a future specialist is proceeded as an objective creative process. Scientific novelty. The development of the concept of the basic components of the model of the creative personality, which includes the synthesis of the theory and practice, knowledge, skills, activity, interaction, productivity, interdependence and mutual enrichment of directing and pedagogical professional creativity. Conclusions. As a result of the research we can sum up. First, to the general structure of the creative personality model of the future director-teacher, there are the following divisions. The model of the creative personality of the future director-teacher includes substructures of it’s basic structure, such as the orientation of an individual, individual culture of a person (experience), characterization and personality qualities, self-creativity of personality. The creative personality’s theoretical model of the future director-teacher acts is as a regulator of the process of his creative and pedagogical formation in preparation for social and cultural activities. The proposed model defines the directions of practical work in the creative personality development of the future director-teacher.

Coherencing the competences of local government authorities and executive bodies in the context of public administration

Problem setting. An important prerequisite and key to successful implementation of the strategic course for the implementation of European standards of living in Ukraine and its entry into the leading positions in the world is the reform of public administration and decentralization in order to create an effective, transparent, open, flexible structure of public administration, transition from the centralized model of government in the state, ensuring the capacity of local self-government and building an effective system of territorial organization of government in Ukraine. Achieving this goal requires the establishment of a system of public administration, which ensures the coherence of competences of local government authorities, executive bodies and civil society institutions. Recent research and publications analysis. While researching the problem of coherencing the competences of local government authorities and executive bodies in the context of establishing public administration system in Ukraine, it is advisable to use the scientific achievements of foreign and domestic scientists concerning the following issues: theoretical and methodological foundations of social transformations (D. Bell, N.Hrazhevska, O. Gromyko, O. Zhuravliov, L. Yevstigneeva, S. Erokhin, T. Zaslavska, E. Ivchenko, N. Makasheva, I. Markovych, M. Minenko, Y. Osipov, G. Pochenchuk, E. Toffler, S. Fillipova, P. Shtomka, Y. Yakovets); different aspects of competences of local government authorities and executive bodies (M. Bajmuratov, O. Batanov, Y. Boiko, Y. Buhlak, T. Buriak, I. Hrytsiak, O. Dniprov, M. Karpa, V. Kravchenko, O. Kuchabskyi, M. Orzikh, M. Oslavskyi, V. Pohorilko, O. Sushynskyi, V. Shapoval). Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. In the context of establishing public administration in Ukraine, it is advisable to study the problem of coherence of the competences of local government authorities and executive bodies as a systemic phenomenon in the plane of the transformation process. Paper main body. To be aware of the phenomenon of transformation in the public-managerial aspect, it is advisable to start from its classical interpretations. As a result, the systematic nature of the transformation of competences of local government authorities and executive bodies in the context of public administration has been revealed. It is a part of the transformation of society through decentralization of power, reform of public administration, local self-government and territorial organization of power, development of civil society and democracy. The very process of establishing public administration in Ukraine is also a subsystem of social transformation, and the problem of coherence of competences (managerial actions) of different entities becomes of universal importance. The coherence of managerial competences of the entities (state, local self-government, civil society institutions) to ensure the processes of social development forms the conceptual basis for public administration itself. There is substantiated the thesis about the necessity to ensure in conditions of establishing public administration in Ukraine the coordinated managerial influence on the development of social processes through not only optimal (harmonized) distribution of competences of subjects of state, self-governing and civic authority by means of their centralization, decentralization, deconcentration, delegation, subsidiarity and also coherence in the carrying out competences, as they are not only the determining elements of the legal status of a public authority, but they also are as a complex of its full powers to exercise the power as means of successful management. It is possible to achieve the maximum effect of the coherence of the activity of public authorities if the condition of regulating legal statuses and competences of the subjects are settled on the general conceptual principles of the public administration system. The general structural and functional model of distribution of competences of local government authorities and executive bodies is abstracted; its main shortcomings are analyzed. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. It is established that harmonizing competences of local government authorities and executive bodies in the context of public administration represents two interrelated processes: optimal allocation of competences of the subjects of state, self-government and civic authorities by means of their centralization, decentralization, deconcentration, delegation, subsidiarity; the coordination of actions of these entities in carrying out their competences. The coherence of competences of public authorities is a mean of ensuring both their successful activity and the effectiveness of public administration as a whole. Achieving the greatest effect of the coherence of the activity of public authorities seems possible only if regulation of legal statuses and competences of the subjects are settled on the general conceptual principles of the public administration system. Taking into account the importance of the personal factor in the processes of transformation of competences of local government authorities and executive bodies in the context of establishing an effective system of public administration in Ukraine, it is advisable to further focus the scientific research on the problem of influence of leadership skills of a leader on the implementation of the above-mentioned transformations in the activity of a public authority.

When You Watch Your Team Fall Apart - Coaches' and Sport Psychologists' Perceptions on Causes of Collective Sport Team Collapse.

Collective team collapse occurs when multiple players of a sport team experience a sudden and extreme underperformance within a game and are unable to return to their initial performance level. The occurrence of such a team collapse event commonly leads to the loss of the game or championship. A recent study investigated athletes’ perceptions of the phenomenon and proposed a process model of causes of collective sport team collapse. The main goal of this study was to apply this process model to the data collected from coaches and sport psychologists. A further goal was to explore differences in perceptions of causes of team collapse among athletes, coaches, and sport psychologists of various professional German sport teams. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate seven coaches’ and four sport psychologists’ perceptions. Following an abductive approach, a deductive content analysis was used to explore if the data supported the process model of collective sport team collapse. Perceived antecedents and critical events causing team collapse were similar among the three participant groups. Coaches and sport psychologists differed from athletes in their perception of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes of team collapse. Coaches tended to report behavioral factors, such as immobility or the blaming of other players, as critical factors maintaining team collapse. Sport psychologists reported cognitive factors, such as individualization or a lack of accountability between the players, to be relevant for team collapse maintenance. Overall, the data of this study supported the general structure of the process model of collective sport team collapse; however, minor amendments to the temporal cascade of causes of team collapse are introduced. Future research is encouraged to examine this model, to provide guidance to teams, coaches, and sport psychologists in dealing with collective sport team collapse.

Examination of driver injury severity in freeway single-vehicle crashes using a mixed logit model with heterogeneity-in-means

The study presented in this paper thoroughly investigated factors influencing driver injury severity in freeway single-vehicle crashes. Crash data from 2013 to 2017 for freeways in Heilongjiang Province, China was used. Elements of driver characteristics, environmental factors, roadway attributes and crash characteristics were considered. A heterogeneity-in-means mixed logit model was developed as an alternative to the frequently used multinomial logit model and mixed logit model to fully account for unobserved heterogeneity, particularly the heterogeneity resulting from driver characteristics. Results indicated that the mixed logit model with heterogeneity-in-means can provide a superior goodness-of-fit and offer more insights into factors of driver injury severities. By allowing means of random parameters in mixed logit model to be estimated functions of driver characteristics, a more general model structure for deeply tracking unobserved heterogeneity was constructed, and thereby the interactive effects between driver characteristics and other factors on driver injury severity were uncovered, such as: (1) female and senior drivers, darkness without lighting, collision with barriers or piers, lane-changing or merging maneuvers tend to increase the injury severity of drivers; (2) an experienced driver was associated with low probability of severe injuries; (3) low visibility could reduce injury severity, especially for experienced drivers; (4) a concrete barrier could aggravate the injury severity for senior drivers in particular. This study provided an insightful knowledge of mechanism of driver injury severity in single-vehicle crashes, and should be beneficial to develop corresponding effective countermeasures for protect drivers from being severely injured.

A cultivated area forecasting approach in artificial oases under climate change and human activities

The cultivated area in artificial oases is deeply influenced by global climate change and human activities. Thus, forecasting cultivated area in artificial oases under climate change and human activities is of great significance. In this study, an approach named GD-HM-PSWROAM, consisting of general circulation model downscaling (GD), hydrological model (HM), and planting structure and water resource optimal allocation model (PSWROAM), was developed and applied in the irrigation district of the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China to forecast the cultivated area tendency. Furthermore, the catchment export of the MIKE11 HD/NAM model was set to the Kensiwate hydrological station. The results show that the downscaling effects of temperature can be fairly satisfying, while those of precipitation may be not satisfying but acceptable. Simulation capacity of the MIKE11 HD/NAM model on the discharge in the Kensiwate hydrological station can meet the requirements of running the PSWROAM. The accuracy of the PSWROAM indicated that this model can perform well in predicting the change of cultivated area at the decadal scale. The cultivated area in the Manas River Basin under current human activities may be generally decreasing due to the climate change. But the adverse effects of climate change can be weakened or even eliminated through positive human activities. The cultivated area in the Manas River Basin may even be increasing under assumed human activities and future climate scenarios. The effects of human activities in the future can be generally predicted and quantified according to the cultivated area trends under current human activities and the situations in the study area. Overall, it is rational and acceptable to forecast the cultivated area tendency in artificial oases under future climate change and human activities through the GD-HM-PSWROAM approach.

Нейроподібна структура для задач прогнозування в умовах коротких вибірок даних

Задача прогнозування є однією із пріоритетних задач бізнесу. З ростом інструментарію прогнозування, а також із бурхливим розвитком потужностей комп'ютерної техніки цій задачі приділяють дедалі більше уваги. На сьогодні більшість менеджерів провідних компаній мають змогу застосовувати інформаційні системи на основі складного математичного апарату для аналізу даних. Проте проблема розуміння алгоритмів, закладених в основі таких інформаційних систем, а також правильний підбір моделі прогнозування є важливою проблемою, оскільки некоректні прогнози можуть призвести до прийняття неправильного рішення. Проблема поглиблюється у разі опрацювання недостатньої кількості даних, що характерно для розв'язання низки задач. Зокрема, для розв'язання задач прогнозування попиту на новий товар чи нову послугу організації, зокрема в системах електронної комерції, необхідна достатня кількість даних для реалізації процедур навчання. Проте їх невелика кількість, під час застосування наявних методів, призводить до неточних, некоректних прогнозів. Саме тому виникає потребу удосконалення наявних та пошуку нових рішень розв'язання задачі прогнозування в умовах коротких вибірок даних. У роботі запропоновано новий, розроблений авторами, інструмент обчислювального інтелекту для ефективного розв'язання цієї задачі. Описано нейроподібну структуру для підвищення точності розв'язання задач прогнозування в умовах коротких вибірок даних. ЇЇ побудовано з використанням штучної нейронної мережі узагальненої регресії та гібридної нейроподібної структури Моделі Послідовних Геометричних Перетворень з RBF ядром. Подано алгоритмічну реалізацію побудови методу подвоєння входів, що знаходиться в основі роботи системи. Проаналізовано процедури підбору оптимальних параметрів для її роботи. Проведено експериментальне моделювання роботи нейроподібної структури для розв'язання задачі прогнозування. Отримані результати показали високу точність її роботи. Ефективність використання розробленої структури підтверджено порівнянням її роботи з наявними – багатошаровим перцептроном, штучною нейронною мережею узагальненої регресії та машиною опорних векторів. Розроблена нейроподібна структура демонструє точність на основі MAPE відповідно у більше ніж 3, 6 та 10 разів вищу порівняно із відомими методами. Розроблену структуру можна використовувати у багатьох сферах, зокрема електронній комерції, бізнес-аналітиці, тощо.

Compound Regression and Constrained Regression: Nonparametric Regression Frameworks for EIV Models

Errors-in-variable (EIV) regression is often used to gauge linear relationship between two variables both suffering from measurement and other errors, such as, the comparison of two measurement platforms (e.g., RNA sequencing vs. microarray). Scientists are often at a loss as to which EIV regression model to use for there are infinite many choices. We provide sound guidelines toward viable solutions to this dilemma by introducing two general nonparametric EIV regression frameworks: the compound regression and the constrained regression. It is shown that these approaches are equivalent to each other and, to the general parametric structural modeling approach. The advantages of these methods lie in their intuitive geometric representations, their distribution free nature, and their ability to offer candidate solutions with various optimal properties when the ratio of the error variances is unknown. Each includes the classic nonparametric regression methods of ordinary least squares, geometric mean regression (GMR), and orthogonal regression as special cases. Under these general frameworks, one can readily uncover some surprising optimal properties of the GMR, and truly comprehend the benefit of data normalization. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Analysis of the Risk Factors Affecting the Size of Fatal Accidents Involving Trucks Based on the Structural Equation Model

For decreasing the casualties and property losses in truck-involved fatal accidents, efforts to identify risk factors and their impacts on the fatal accidents are urgently needed. First, for scaling damage extent in fatal accident, truck occupant injury factor and accident size were selected from occupant- and crash- levels respectively. Then, a general structural model was built to explore the relationships between environmental, roadway, vehicle, driver factors and fatal accident severity. Afterwards, by analyzing 2010 data from the Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) database, a weighted least squares (WLS) based structural equation model (SEM) was adopted to estimate the parameters of the general structural model. Significant differences between various risk factors determining truck occupant injury factors and accident severity were identified. The results indicate that environmental, roadway, vehicle, and driver factors all have statistically significant effects on the accident size and truck occupant injury factors. However, the extent to which these risk factors impact these two latent endogenous variables differ significantly. Measurement models including different latent risk factors and the corresponding observed variables are then analyzed. The results show that main indicators affecting accident severity are: environmental and roadway factors such as weather, surface conditions; vehicle factors such as truck weight and body type; and driver factors such as age, driving experience, and history of crashes or convictions. Finally, several countermeasures are suggested for truck manufactures and safety planners with the goal of reducing the number and severity of fatal accidents involving trucks.

The bipolarity of normal and abnormal personality structure: Implications for assessment.

The predominant model of general personality structure is arguably the Five Factor Model (FFM), consisting of the 5 broad domains of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. A hypothesis of long-standing interest has been that personality disorders can be understood as extreme and/or maladaptive variants of the domains and facets of the FFM. This hypothesis has now been formally recognized within Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section III and within the proposal for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's diagnostic manual. However, a notable feature of both proposals is that they are largely (albeit not exclusively) unipolar with respect to maladaptive personality structure. The purpose of the current article is to present theoretical and empirical support for the presence of maladaptivity at both poles of all 5 domains of the FFM. Discussed in particular are implications for assessment for this maladaptive personality structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

A Study on the Relationship Between Diversification and Firm Performance Using the GSEM Method

ABSTRACT This study adds another perspective on corporate diversification and asset investment diversification, including related and unrelated asset investment diversification, and examines the relationship between this diversification, business diversification, and performance. Because business diversification includes related business and unrelated business diversification, we developed a hypothesis that related business acts as a mediating factor between related asset investment diversification and performance. Similarly, unrelated business plays a mediating role in the relationship between asset diversification and performance. We applied a general linear structural model (GSEM) to panel data on 470 firms listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange from 2008 to 2015. The empirical evidence demonstrates that related assets increase their performance through the mediating effects of related business. By contrast, unrelated assets show an insignificant impact on performance, and unrelated business does not play a mediating role between asset diversification and performance.

An asset pricing approach to testing general term structure models

We develop a new empirical approach to term structure analysis that allows testing for time-varying risk premiums and arbitrage opportunities in models with both unobservable factors and factors identified as the innovations to observed macroeconomic variables. Factors can play double roles as both covariance-generating common shocks driving yields and determinants of market prices of risk in cross-sectional pricing. The evidence favors time-varying risk prices significantly related to the second Stock–Watson principal component of macroeconomic variables and to changes in the industrial production index. Our preferred specification includes these two observable and two unobservable factors, with the no-arbitrage condition imposed.

МЕХАНІЗМ НЕЧІТКОГО ВИВЕДЕННЯ В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ

This article is devoted consideration of mechanism of fuzzy conclusion in the intellectual system of diagnostics of diseases. The process of realization of inference method is described. The general structure of model of diagnostics of diseases is presented. The example of model fragment is considered. Description of base of fuzzy rules of the intellectual system is presented. The examples of external and internal representation of rules are resulted. The stages of algorithm of fuzzy conclusion of Mamdani are considered. Description of application of algorithm is presented for Mamdani for the intellectual system of diagnostics of diseases.

A manufacturing cost analysis framework to evaluate machining and fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing approaches

The goal of this research is to develop a costing framework and explore opportunities for fabricating components using additive manufacturing (AM) and machining approaches. The examples target plastic machining, and the fused deposition modeling AM process, but the general model structure is applicable for other AM processes as process knowledge is developed. The question “when is machining more cost-effective than AM” has not been comprehensively addressed. The purpose of this work is to develop a costing framework to provide insight on whether to use machining or AM. An estimation model which considers the process planning, setup, and fabrication time-cost elements is developed in a structured manner. This is challenging due to the machining process planning complexity, the decision-making, and the skill set required, especially for complex surface finish machining. This framework can be readily adapted to suit specific environments. The estimation time models are linked to a cost model, and comparisons are drawn, based on the form complexity and manufacturing quantity. An effective combination of AM and machining technologies could bring about a new hybrid manufacturing approach that meets the requirements of the next generation of production systems, especially for short-run production. A cost-benefit analysis is performed to illustrate solution approaches for designing additive, subtractive, or hybrid operation sets for a variety of components to highlight the merits of the presented approach. Exploring a larger solution space of processing options and their processing time and costs will allow designers to generate more cost-competitive solutions.

Weak imposition of constraints for structural membranes in transient geometrically nonlinear isogeometric analysis on multipatch surfaces

Membranes have been extensively used for the design of architectural and general structural models due to their low cost and high load carrying capacity. Traditionally such models were discretized using the standard low order Finite Element Method (FEM) which typically results in a compromised description of the geometry. However, the accurate geometric description of membrane structures is essential as for instance bifurcation points in geometrically nonlinear analysis may be inaccurately predicted when the geometric description of the model is not accurate enough. Moreover, the design of membrane structures typically requires several cycles of form-finding and subsequent structural analysis under various loads which can benefit from a direct connection to the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) environment using its exact geometric description. In this contribution, the form-finding analysis using the Updated Reference Strategy (URS) and the geometrically nonlinear transient analysis of membranes is extended to Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) on multipatch surfaces with Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). As typical in IGA for real CAD geometries, multiple patches with non-matching parametrizations are considered and therefore the continuity of the solution field along with the application of weak Dirichlet boundary conditions need to be addressed. Thus, four different constraint enforcement methods are elaborated and compared, namely, the Penalty, the Lagrange Multipliers, the augmented Lagrange Multipliers and a Nitsche-type method. For the latter method, a solution dependent stabilization approach is employed in order to render the Nitsche-type method coercive. All methods are elaborated and systematically compared in both form-finding analysis, whenever necessary, and subsequently in geometrically nonlinear transient analysis. It should be noted that the Nitsche-type method is more computationally demanding amongst these methods due to the additional nonlinear terms. However, the results suggest that the Nitsche-type method is advantageous for these kinds of problems as no parameter or discretization other than the isogeometric discretization within each patch needs to be specified prior to the analysis.

Towards Data-Driven Simulation Modeling for Mobile Agent-Based Systems

Simulation models are widely used to study complex systems. Current simulation models are generally handcrafted using expert knowledge (knowledge-driven); however, this process is slow and introduces modeler bias. This article presents an approach towards data-driven simulation modeling by developing a framework that discovers simulation models in an automated way for mobile agent-based applications. The framework is comprised of three components: (1) a model space specification, (2) a search method (genetic algorithm), and (3) framework measurement metrics. The model space specification provides a formal specification for the general model structure from which various models can be generated. The search method is used to efficiently search the model space for candidate models that exhibit desired behavior patterns. The five framework measurement metrics: flexibility, comprehensibility, controllability, composability, and robustness, are developed to evaluate the overall framework. The results demonstrate that it is possible to discover a variety of interesting models using the framework.

Simulation-based analysis of energy flexible factories in a regional energy supply system

Abstract In a decentralized and renewable energy system, reliable and economical solutions are necessary to adjust power demand to a volatile power supply by photovoltaic and wind energy plants. A high potential for the balancing of short and medium-term power supply fluctuations is seen in energy flexible factories. To leverage this potential, monetary incentives and technological enablers have to be developed. Apart from that, the ecological and social aspects of energy flexible factories have to be considered in transdisciplinary research, to achieve a broad public acceptance. To assess the complex interrelations between the technical, political, legal and social sector, a clear and accessible base for discussions is necessary. This paper presents an approach for a simulation based-analysis of energy flexible factories with focus on high applicability and comprehensibility for stakeholders from different disciplines. This paper presents the general structure of the simulation model including the operation module for the energy flexible region Augsburg.

İtham-Tahkik (Adversarial-Inquisitorial) Dikotomosinin İspat Hususunda Analitik Değeri: Türkiye ve İngiltere Örnekleri

Common law systems differ substantially from civil law jurisdictions as to how and by whom the investigation and trial are to be conducted, and how rules of evidence are to be constructed. Whilst common law systems are considered to follow an adversarial trial process model, civil law traditions have generally been associated with an inquisitorial procedure. Yet, convergence between the criminal justice systems of the common law and those of the civil law in relation to proof and evidence suggest that the labels “adversarial” and “inquisitorial” cannot be used today to show the general character and structure of criminal trial models. Rather, they can only be used to help us begin to understand the different features that traditionally exist in different systems, or at best they can be used today to grasp the effects of the tradition on the mentality of parties during the trial. The aim of this article is first to set a basis for understanding the adversarial/inquisitorial dichotomy by looking at distinctive elements of each legal system, and then, so as to evaluate whether this conceptual dichotomy is useful, it aims to elaborate further the purposes of English and Turkish criminal trials and examine the evidentiary rules of the two jurisdictions.