General Relation Research Articles

Metrical almost periodicity, metrical approximations of functions and applications

In this paper, we analyze Levitan and Bebutov metrical approximations of functions $F :\Lambda \times X \rightarrow Y$ by trigonometric polynomials and $\rho$-periodic type functions, where $\emptyset \neq \Lambda \subseteq {\mathbb R}^{n}$, $X$ and $Y$ are complex Banach spaces, and $\rho$ is a general binary relation on $Y$. We also analyze various classes of multidimensional Levitan almost periodic functions in general metric and multidimensional Bebutov uniformly recurrent functions in general metric. We provide several applications of our theoretical results to the abstract Volterra integro-differential equations and the partial differential equations.

Influence of electron temperature anisotropy on wave mode propagation and power deposition characteristics in helicon plasma

As the core issue in helicon discharge, the physical mechanism behind the high ionization rate phenomenon is still not fully understood. Based on the warm plasma dielectric tensor model which contains both the particle drift velocity and temperature anisotropy effect, by employing the general dispersion relation of electromagnetic waves propagating in magnetized and uniform plasma with typical helicon discharge parameter conditions, wave mode propagation characteristic and collisional, cyclotron and Landua damping induced wave power deposition properties of azimuthally symmetric mode are theoretically investigated. Systematic analysis shows the following findings. 1) Under typical helicon plasma parameter conditions, i.e. wave frequency <i>ω</i>/(2π)=13.56 MHz, ion temperature is one tenth of the electron temperature, and for a given magnetic field <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> (or wave frequency <i>ω</i>), there exists a critical wave frequency <i>ω</i><sub>cr</sub> (or magnetic field <i>B</i><sub>0,cr</sub>), above which (or below <i>B</i><sub>0,cr</sub>) the damping of the <i>n = </i>1, 2, 3 cyclotron harmonics begins to increase sharply. 2) For the electron temperature isotropic case, the attenuation constants of different harmonics start to increase significantly and monotonically at different thresholds of magnetic field, while the phase constant abruptly increases monotonically from the beginning of the parameter interval. On the other hand, for the electron temperature anisotropic case, both the phase constant and attenuation constant have peaking phenomenon, i.e. the attenuation constant begins to increase sharply at a certain value of <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> and meanwhile the phase constant presents a maximum value near the same value of magnetic field, thus the phase constant starts to keep constant at a certain value of <i>B</i><sub><i>0</i></sub> and meanwhile the attenuation constant has a maximum value near this same value of magnetic field. 3) For the wave power deposition properties, under electron temperature anisotropy conditions, power deposition due to collisional damping of Trivelpiece-Gould (TG) wave plays a dominant role in a low field (<i>B</i><sub>0 </sub>= 48 Gs) (1 Gs = 10<sup>–4</sup> T); by considering the electron finite Larmor radius (FLR) effect, the power deposition of TG wave presents a maximum value at a certain point of parallel electron temperature<i> T</i><sub>e,</sub><sub>//</sub>; with the decrease of <i>T</i><sub>e,⊥</sub>/<i>T</i><sub>e,</sub><sub>//</sub>, the maximum value of power deposition increases gradually. All these findings are very important in further revealing the physical mechanism behind the high ionization rate in helicon plasma.

Duality relations in single-file diffusion

Single-file transport, which corresponds to the diffusion of particles that cannot overtake each other in narrow channels, is an important topic in out-of-equilibrium statistical physics. Various microscopic models of single-file systems have been considered, such as the simple exclusion process, which has reached the status of a paradigmatic model. Several different models of single-file diffusion have been shown to be related by a duality relation, which holds either microscopically or only in the hydrodynamic limit of large time and large distances. Here, we show that, within the framework of fluctuating hydrodynamics, these relations are not specific to these models and that, in the hydrodynamic limit, every single-file system can be mapped onto a dual single-file system, which we characterise. This general duality relation allows us to obtain new results for different models, by exploiting the solutions that are available for their dual model.

On the constitutionalization of administrative legal relations

The article substantiates the judgment that the ideology has changed and essence of legal relations between the state – society – man have changed. Under the influence of a number of norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a fundamentally different system of public relations regulated by Administrative Law has been formed. The updated Constitution of the Russian Federation outlined new guidelines for the development of administrative law in general and administrative-legal relations in particular. This makes it necessary a discussion on the influence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the formation of administrative and legal relations.

The role of electron inertia on jeans instability of radiative quantum plasma with the impact of rotation and resistivity

With the use of the Quantum Magnetohydrodynamic (QMHD) model, we took into account the Jeans instability of rotating magnetized radiative quantum plasma under the impact of finite electron inertia and resistivity. The issue is set up and using the linearization method and normal mode technique, we can get the general dispersion relation, which is then described in terms of various modes of propagation. Within the prescribed boundaries, we also get the Jeans instability criteria. Plotting the curves between the system's growth rate and wave number for the investigation of the stability analysis of the system, which is then thoroughly explained.

청원경찰법제의 법체계적 정합성에 대한 고찰

According to the REGISTERED SECURITY GUARD ACT, the registered security guard are required to perform the duties prescribed in the Police Officer's Job Execution Act, and in that respect, the character of a public administration performer is remarkable in terms of duties, while the working relationship of the registered security guard is basically similar to the employment relationship of private law. For that reason, the legal issue surrounding the registered security guard brings legal ambiguity in various aspects.
 This problem situation is especially remarkable in the case of registered security guard working in the public sector, in that the employer is the administrative entity of the state or local government, as well as the public administrative nature of the work. On the other hand, in the case of petition police working outside the public sector, the legal problem is more pronounced in that the REGISTERED SECURITY GUARD ACT is generally applied due to its status as a registered security guard, even though the characteristics of private law are very strong in the nature of labor relations. In particular, the registered security guard in the private sector are the cause of legal ambiguity compared to general labor relations of private law in that they are substantially similar to the security work under the Security Services Industry Act, which is the subject of the permission system.
 In Korean legislation that presupposes the distinction between public law and private law, the distinction between public law and private law needs to be distinguished in various aspects, such as differences in legal relations and applicable laws, so it is necessary to secure legal systematic consistency corresponding to this in the registered security guard law system.
 The REGISTERED SECURITY GUARD ACT is intended to be a general and complete discipline for the registered security guard system, but the actual regulations are mostly fragmentary and individual regulations for solving phenomenal problems, not consistent systematic legal principles, even so, public law and judicial characteristics are mixed, so this situation is the cause of ambiguity in the interpretation and application of the law.
 For this reason, it is necessary to improve the petition police law, regarding the direction of improvement, considering Korea's legal system based on the distinction between public and private law, it is logical and consistent to legal system to classify the legal relationship of a person who is performing public administrative work through employment relations in the public sector into public law relations. Therefore, it is a reasonable direction to improve the legislation to separate and regulate the registered security guard working in the public sector which inevitably have strong public legal characteristics and the registered security guard working in the private sector with significantly less public legal characteristics.

Zhuangzi and Particularism

Abstract The Zhuangzi rejects the use of invariant general norms to guide action, instead stressing the importance of contextual factors in determining the apt course to take in particular situations. This stance might seem to present a variety of moral particularism, the view that general norms play no fundamental role in moral thought and judgment. I argue against interpreting the Zhuangzi as committed to particularism and thus denying that dao rests on, is shaped by, or comprises general patterns or norms. Instead, I contend, the text presents a combination of contextualism about the factors that determine appropriate responses to particular situations and pluralism about defeasible general norms or standards. The target of criticism is not generalism, the view that general patterns and relations play a role in determining and explaining appropriate courses of action. It is the monolithic application of fixed norms without regard for context.

Using of modern technology in performing responsibility Public relation in service institutions

This study aims to know the reality of communications technologies and its processes applied in Sudanese telecommunication company (Sudatel), assessing the impact modern technology on performance of different departments in general and public relations in particular. The researcher applied the descriptive method, data collection ,observation and questionnaire to conduct his study.
 The study reveals some results such as that senior administrators encourage using modern technology to upgrade performance , they promote electronic application instead of using papers , finally the study draw attention to the necessity of training programs in modern technology to all concerned staff.

Formation of Mathematical Thinking in Students Using the Method of Mathematical Modeling

This article indicates and describes the formation of students' skills in mathematical thinking, shows the connection of mathematics with other disciplines by solving problems with the practical content of the school mathematics course using the method of mathematical modeling. The main goal of mathematics education is the intellectual development of students, the formation of thinking skills necessary for a person to live a full life in society. Therefore, in mathematics lessons, it is better to use pedagogical methods and technologies that develop students' creative and critical thinking. Modeling is an important tool for teaching students how to solve problems and understand the world around them. Simulation teaches the child in ways that allow him to independently work on solving problems. In a broad sense, a model is defined as a reflection of the most important properties of an object. When getting acquainted with the models of algebra and beginnings of analysis, students are shown that the connection between mathematics and its applications is carried out with the help of mathematical models. Mathematical modeling shows that all components of mathematical thinking develop, for example, functional thinking, which is characterized by the sensation of the development of general and individual relations between mathematical objects or their properties, clearly visible in connection with the idea of a function.

Note on graph-based BCJ relation for Berends-Giele currents

Graph-based Bern-Carasso-Johansson (BCJ) relation for Berends-Giele currents in bi-adjoint scalar (BS) theory, which is characterized by connected tree graphs, was proposed in an earlier work. In this note, we provide a systematic study of this relation. We first prove the relations based on two special types of graphs: simple chains and star graphs. The general graph-based BCJ relation established by an arbitrary tree graph is further proved, through Berends-Giele recursion. When combined with proper off-shell extended numerators, this relation induces the graph-based BCJ relation for Berends-Giele currents in Yang-Mills theory. The corresponding relations for amplitudes are obtained via on-shell limits.

A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change.

Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world-wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat-specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on (1) potential for acclimation, (2) response to elevated CO2 , (3) role of the microbiome, and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.

When corruption hits the judiciary: A global perspective on access to justice and corruption

This study asks if the level of corruption relates to perception of access to justice. Looking at the supply side of access to justice, a corrupt judicial system will imply that the less well-off cannot afford to gain their rights. However, does corruption widen a justice gap? Studies show that corruption relates to democracy, wealth and equality. The link between corruption and the judiciary is less studied. This study explores the general global relations statistically with use of data from 113 countries. Using multiple regression, it corroborates the classical debate on inequality and equal access to justice but critically contribute to this debate by finding that corruption has an independent and strong relation to access to justice. However, it also finds that income inequality continues to be of importance. This finding is not trivial but suggests that anti-corruption and equality policies may improve access to justice.

A relation among tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy of entanglement for three qubits

In this paper, we derive a general formula of the tangle for pure states of three qubits and present three explicit local unitary (LU) polynomial invariants. Our result goes beyond the classical work of tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy of entanglement for Acín et al.’ Schmidt decomposition (ASD) of three qubits by connecting the tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy for ASD with Acín et al.’s LU invariants. In particular, our result reveals a general relation among tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy, together with a relation among their averages. The relations can help us find the entangled states satisfying distinct requirements for tangle, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy. Moreover, we obtain all the states of three qubits of which tangles, concurrence, 3-tangle, and von Neumann entropy do not vanish and these states are endurable when one of three qubits is traced out. We indicate that for the three-qubit W state, its average von Neumann entropy is maximal only within the W SLOCC class, and that under ASD the three-qubit GHZ state is the unique state of which the reduced density operator obtained by tracing any two qubits has the maximal von Neumann entropy.

Effect of the electrical double layer on the electrical conductivity of suspensions

We study the role of the electrical double layer (EDL) in the formation of the quasistatic electrical conductivity of suspensions of nanosized particles. A suspension is viewed as a system of hard-core–penetrable-shell particles. The shells are electrically inhomogeneous, with a radially symmetrical conductivity profile. It is assumed that the real microstructure of the suspension can be reflected in terms of this profile and also the rule of dominance for overlapping regions that the local conductivity in the system is determined by the nearest particle. Using our earlier rigorous results for systems with this morphology, we derive general integral relations for the desired conductivity which incorporate the effect of the EDL and make it possible to look into the contributions from its different parts and parameters. Specific features, internal consistency, and flexibility of the model are demonstrated by further elaborating it to describe experimental data for latex suspensions in aqueous electrolyte solutions with high ionic strength.

Uncertainty relation based on metric-adjusted skew information with quantum memory

The uncertainty principle is one of the most essential features of quantum mechanics. Recently, uncertainty relations of skew information have been widely studied. In this paper, general and conditional uncertainty relations based on metric-adjusted skew information are put forward to study the case of the uncertainty relation with the existence of a quantum memory for the bipartite quantum system. These uncertainty relations include the product form and the sum form. The results show that the lower bounds contain two parts: one is characterizing the degree of compatibility of two measurements, and the other one is the quantum correlation between the measured system and the quantum memory. These results may play an important role in witnessing entanglement and quantum key distribution.

Lattice local integrable regularization of the Sine-Gordon model

We study the local lattice integrable regularization of the Sine-Gordon model written down in terms of the lattice Bose-operators. We show that the local spin Hamiltonian obtained from the six-vertex model with alternating inhomogeneities in fact leads to the Sine-Gordon in the low-energy limit. We show that the Bethe Ansatz results for this model lead to the correct general relations for different critical exponents of the coupling constant.

Local predictability and coherence versus distributed entanglement in entanglement swapping from partially entangled pure states

Complete complementarity relations, as e.g. P(ρA)2+C(ρA)2+E(|Ψ〉AB)2=1, constrain the local predictability and local coherence and the entanglement of bipartite pure states. For pairs of qubits prepared initially in a particular class of partially entangled pure states with null local coherence, these relations were used in Ref. [6] (Basso and Maziero (2022)) to provide an operational connection between local predictability of the pre-measurement states with the probability of the maximally entangled components of the states after the Bell-basis measurement of the entanglement swapping protocol (ESP). In this article, we extend this result for general pure initial states. We obtain a general relation between pre-measurement local predictability and coherence and the distributed entanglement in the ESP. We use IBM's quantum computers to verify experimentally some instances of these general theoretical results.

Range Expansion and Invasive Capacity of the Wing Di- and Polymorphic Insects: A Short Review

In this review article the invasive potential of wing dimorphic and polymorphic insects is discussed by presenting two case studies and overviewing the general knowledge of the dispersal abilities of these insects. Flying morphs of the wing dimorphic rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera continuously re-invade the rice fields in Japan and Northern China, where subsequent generations of dimorphic populations build up, causing several economic damages. The rapid range expansion of the wing dimorphic bush cricket Metrioptera roeselii in Central and Northern Europe in the 2000s was documented and extensively studied. These case studies are analysed, and the general relation of wing dimorphism and polymorphism and invasive potential is briefly discussed using the extensive knowledge on the wing dimorphism and polymorphism present in different insect orders.

A general matrix series inversion pair and associated polynomials

Abstract In the present work, a pair of general inverse matrix series relations is established, and thereby a general class of matrix polynomials is introduced. This class generalizes the extended Jacobi polynomials and their particular cases such as the polynomials of Brafman, Jacobi, Chebyshev, and Legendre. It is further shown that this pair also gives rise to the matrix forms of the Wilson polynomials and the Racah polynomials. For these polynomials, the generating matrix function relations as well as the matrix summation formulas are deduced from their respective inverse pairs. Certain inverse pairs belonging to the Gould classes and the Legendre-Chebyshev classes due to John Riordan [An Introduction to Combinatorial Identities, Wiley, 1968] are also extended to matrix forms.

Value network mapping applied to the flat glass sector: constraints and leverage points for circularity.

Architectural flat glass is a fully recyclable material but continues to follow a linear, wasteful path from renovation and demolition sites into landfills or low-value recycling. To make the shift towards circularity, understanding the whole flat glass network is essential. Therefore, the present paper identifies constraints and leverage points for circularity from a systemic perspective. Departing from literature and in-person discussions with network actors, value network mapping is applied to conventional practices, a transition tool to define essential missing roles, relations, and transactions. First, the roles and general relations are mapped, and step-by-step the value transactions and flows are detailed. An alternative circular value network map was then developed in which systemic changes are suggested to improve reuse, repair, and recycling applications. Leverage points are identified, such as learning from best-practices, sharing knowledge between actors, creating awareness, and creating incentives for the actors. From these findings, specific interventions in the conventional value network of flat glass can be conceived and planned as a sustainable transitions experiment (e.g., in the context of a living lab project initiated by governmental or private forerunners), or as an enduring redefinition of some roles and relations in the construction sector with a systemic result.