General Method For Synthesis Research Articles

Тестирование коммуникативных компетенций владения русским языком

The article discusses the problem of methodology and methods for assessing the communicative competencies of adult native speakers of Russian. Communication skill is one of the major soft skills within university education. To assess the development of this skill, a valid and convenient tool is needed. The aim is to to create a set of tasks to assess the communication skills of adult native speakers of Russian, to test it on a focus group of students, as well as to study sociolinguistic factors affecting test results (age, major, etc.). This article describes the principle of creating a methodological complex, which includes: an algorithm for assessing communicative competencies, sets of test tasks to assess the level of spoken and written speech proficiency, a scale for assessing test results. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and the modeling method were used. The algorithm for assessing communicative competencies includes: assessment component (linguistic, discursive and stylistic, rhetorical and pragmatic, ethical); assessment criteria; rating scale; rating levels; types of tasks (editing defective text according to the norms of the Russian language and its stylistics; programmed control, tests, writing, public speaking – monologue, debate, etc.). As the result, the developed methodological complex could be used for assessing the communicative competencies of university students. With this complex it is possible to monitor and assess the quality of educational programs in terms of the communication skills development among students. For educational purposes, it is planned to involve students in the implementation of the project, which will give them the opportunity to develop professional skills using the presented parameters for assessing communication competencies.

A General Synthesis Method for Covalent Organic Framework and Inorganic 2D Materials Hybrids.

Two-dimensional (2D) inorganic/organic hybrids provide a versatile platform for diverse applications, including electronic, catalysis, and energy storage devices. The recent surge in 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has introduced an organic counterpart for the development of advanced 2D organic/inorganic hybrids with improved electronic coupling, charge separation, and carrier mobility. However, existing synthesis methods have primarily focused on few-layered film structures, which limits scalability for practical applications. Herein, we present a general synthesis approach for a range of COF/inorganic 2D material hybrids, utilizing 2D inorganic materials as both catalysts and inorganic building blocks. By leveraging the intrinsic Lewis acid sites on the inorganic 2D materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition metal dichalcogenides, COFs with diverse functional groups and topologies can grow on the surface of inorganic 2D materials. The controlled 2D morphology and excellent solution dispersibility of the resulting hybrids allow for easy processing into films through vacuum filtration. As proof of concept, hBN/COF films were employed as filters for Rhodamine 6G removal under flow-through conditions, achieving a removal rate exceeding 93%. The present work provides a simple and versatile synthesis method for the scalable fabrication of COF/inorganic 2D hybrids, offering exciting opportunities for practical applications such as water treatment and energy storage.

The influence of M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” to Yu Hua’s novel “Brothers”: carnivalization as a way of forming a novel narrative

The object of the study is the texts of two famous works of Russian and Chinese literature – novels by Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita" and Yu Hua's "Brothers"; The subject of the study is the techniques of carnivalization that are found in novels and which, obviously, appeared in Yu Hua under the influence of Bulgakov, with whose work he was well acquainted. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comparison of the works of Russian and Chinese writers, and the identification of another way of interaction between Russian and Chinese culture, which is being carried out in Russian literary studies for the first time. The research was carried out on the basis of historical-literary, biographical, comparative and hermeneutical methods, using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, observation, description, etc. As a result of the study, it was noted that the aesthetics of carnivalism is clearly manifested in the works of both writers. The novel narrative is organized according to the laws of carnival action, it contains carnival chaos, grotesque, images of jesters, madmen and descriptions of crazy actions, a carnival attitude towards freedom and death, ridicule of authorities, mockery of order, disappointment in high ideals, a combination of high and low, image crowds as a single figure and other features. It is concluded that Yu Hua absorbed the aesthetics of the carnival through Russian literature, including Bulgakov’s novel "The Master and Margarita". This aesthetics was close to him, which, like the Russian writer, contributed to the description of the new world that arose around the heroes of the novels after the revolutionary changes that had occurred.

Deep understanding the formation of MnCoOx in-situ grown on foam nickel towards efficient lean methane catalytic oxidation

Methane is the second largest greenhouse gas in the world, with a stronger greenhouse effect than carbon dioxide. The efficient elimination of methane in the atmosphere has important engineering significance in slowing down global temperature rise, energy resource utilization, collaborative control of pollutants, and promoting technological innovation. In this work, a general hydrothermal synthesis method was introduced to in-situ construct four different morphologies of MnCoOx (including rod-, spherical-, filamentous- and bulk-shape) on foam nickel (NF). The synthesis of MnCoOx/NF with different morphologies was due to changes in NF pretreatment conditions and precipitants, which affected the nucleation and growth rates of MnCoOx, ultimately resulting in different morphologies. When the four different morphologies of MnCoOx/NF were used as catalysts for lean methane catalytic oxidation, MnCoOx/NF-r exhibited the best excellent catalytic activity, and the T90 occurred at 428 °C in space velocity of 48,000 mL g−1 h−1. Such an outstanding performance was attributed to the unique properties of the MnCoOx/NF-r including the larger surface area and more oxygen vacancies for providing more active sites and a higher oxygen migration rate, which was very beneficial for improving the catalytic oxidation performance of methane.

Постановление о (пере)квалификации: теоретический взгляд на практический документ

Due to the significant restriction of human rights and freedoms in the course of criminal proceedings, strict compliance with the requirements of the law is a basic principle in the activities of law enforcement agencies and the court. At the same time, the postulate about the possibility of applying the law by analogy in criminal proceedings leads to interesting law enforcement “novelties”. In recent years, officials have issued a document not provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which is referred to in the police as a resolution on the qualification of a crime, and in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation — about the re-qualification of the crime. Therefore, for uniformity in the article, this act will be referred to as a resolution on (re) qualification. In this article, the author sets the task to analyze this document in order to establish its legal nature, its role in the system of procedural legal relations, and also to find out the potential need for legal consolidation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the following: the criteria for checking criminal procedural documents for legitimacy are proposed; this is the first understanding of the decision on (re)qualification; a scheme for legislative inclusion of the document in the law is proposed. Applied general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as a private scientific method — legal forecasting. As a result of the scientific study of the law enforcement document, there is a mutual enrichment of both theory and procedural activity.

Drivers of loyalty and consumer satisfaction with shearing urban mobility services: Carsharing, ridesharing, bikesharing, and kicksharing

Aim. To identify drivers of loyalty and consumer satisfaction with urban mobility shearing services.Objectives. To determine the characteristics of the use of shearing services; to formulate issues for shearing services that require priority attention; to identify drivers of loyalty and barriers to the use of shearing services, as well as drivers of user satisfaction with shearing services; to formulate recommendations for the development of the quality of shearing services.Methods. The authors applied the method of sociological survey (with participation of 615 respondents who use urban mobility sharing services at least once a year). The NPS index was used to identify drivers of loyalty, CSI index was used to detect drivers of customer satisfaction. The study was conducted in the context of such sharing services as carsharing, ridesharing, bikesharing and kicksharing, taking into account the relevant specific determinants of the quality of sharing services. The results were processed using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information. Results. Users are loyal to carsharing, bikesharing and kicksharing, but not loyal to ridesharing. However, they are satisfied with ridesharing services in all four segments. The main drivers of loyalty were the convenience of using the services as an alternative to public transportation and the relative cheapness of the service. Respondents consider safety issues to be the main barrier. To a greater extent, consumers are satisfied with the technical side of the use of sharing services (we are talking about the convenience of the mobile application, confidentiality of personal data, technical condition of the car). Consumers are less satisfied with the speed of registration, loyalty programs, and the cost of insurance.Conclusions. Due to the fact that users are not loyal to ridesharing, operators of these services should primarily pay attention to safety during the trip, social capital of drivers (rating system), as well as the variety and number of available routes. In general, the area of growth of competitiveness of the shearing services on transport can be traced in the improvement of product metrics of web and mobile versions of applications, development of loyalty programs and pricing of insurance products

Improving Technologies for Developing Personnel Solutions

Relevance. Modern socio-economic conditions actualize the improvement of technologies for developing personnel solutions as the basis for successful personnel management. An effective management decision acts as a resource for the development of the organization, personnel and each employee. The article explores the relationship between the concepts of personnel management, modern trends in personnel management and technologies for developing personnel solutions. The work examines the main HR trends and their impact on the technology of personnel decisions, analyzes the process of making personnel decisions in pearl organizations, and proposes the structuring of personnel decisions based on the results of diagnosing problem situations and recommended methods of decision-making.The purpose of the study is to identify directions for the development of technologies for developing personnel solutions in the personnel management system of a modern organization.Objectives: explore the relationship between modern concepts of personnel management, HR trends and technologies of personnel solutions; based on the diagnosis of problem situations in personnel management, structure management decisions and propose appropriate methods for their development, adoption and implementation; apply the method of analyzing hierarchies in the process of developing a personnel decision for the objective selection of a candidate for a vacant position to form the labor potential of an industrial enterprise.Methodology. During the research, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of system analysis, expert assessment, the method of analyzing hierarchies.Results. Problematic situations in personnel management are diagnosed as the basis for structuring personnel decisions; in accordance with the results of diagnosis and structuring adequate decision-making methods are recommended. The method of hierarchy analysis is used as a method for effectively selecting alternatives in the conditions of selection, selection and hiring of engineering and technical personnel of an industrial enterprise.Conclusions. It is advisable to substantiate the directions for improving technologies for developing personnel solutions based on an assessment of the relationship with modern concepts and trends in personnel management, based on the results of a study of the characteristics of personnel management in various types of organizations, according to the structuring of problem situations in human resource management.

Українсько- польські взаємини у завершальний період Української національної революції 1917-1921 рр. у візії Андрія Лівицького

The purpose of the research is to shed light on the Ukrainian-Polish relations during the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1919-1920 in the vision of Andrii Livytskyi. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and systematicity, which, when applying a concrete-historical approach, allows to significantly deepen the knowledge about the foreign policy and diplomacy of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, in particular, regarding the regulation of relations with the restored Polish state. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, based on the work of domestic historians, the published documents, and the involvement of new archival sources, an attempt was made to comprehensively investigate the process of implementing the state course of the Ukrainian authorities on the settlement of relations with the Second Polish Republic. Conclusions. The Ukrainian People’s Republic authorities were clearly aware of the need to establish relations with Poland, without which it would not be possible to win Ukrainian statehood. Therefore, one of the directions of the foreign policy of the power structures was the building of relations with the restored Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the origins of this process stood Chief Ataman S. Petliura, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People’s Ministers and head of the diplomatic mission of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in Poland A. Livytskyi, Chief Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic I. Ohienko, as well as authoritative public figures and representatives of various Ukrainian political parties. Despite all the difficulties of a military, political, and socio-economic nature, the state leadership tried to comply with the established terms of the agreement to the extent of their limited capabilities. A. Livytskyi’s visions give us the opportunity to reveal the content of the negotiations with the Polish state in 1919-1920 and to trace Ukrainian-Polish relations during the period of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921. In many of his letters, A. Livytskyi emphasized that on the political horizon of Europe, large and important events in which Ukrainians should take an active part and as a result of which major changes should take place in Ukraine. These visions of Livytskyi help us to better understand his views on Ukrainian-Polish relations and the role of Ukraine in the international arena during the revolution of 1917-1921.

Практики управління сільським дитячим будинком у 1947- 1953 рр.: локальний досвід.

The purpose of the study is to show the main management practices used in the institution in 1947-1953 based on the analysis of the interaction between the administration and the staff of the Starynsky Orphanage of the Boryspil district of the Kyiv region. The research methodology. The scientific approaches are based on applying the methods of social history, everyday history, and microhistory. It included the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, and generalization. The scientific novelty lies in an in-depth study of the experience of organizing an orphanage. Its local management practices were studied, contributing to expanding knowledge about the structure, decision-making processes, personnel policy, and daily activities of such institutions in a difficult period for Ukraine. Conclusions. The Starynsky Orphanage was formed in the year when the network of special children's institutions of the Ministry of Education in the Kyiv region increased to 29 institutions. The orphanage was placed in one of the villages of the district, the infrastructure and economic situation of which best corresponded to the possibilities of quickly satisfying the pupils with a minimum of mandatory needs. A staff of 18-20 people was engaged in the arrangement. The work was organized in compliance with the standards stipulated by the state regulatory documents. The chief manager of the institution was the director. The scope of his powers included the following: reporting on compliance with legislation to representatives of a number of district bodies; establishment of cooperation with other local managers (management of collective farms, a sugar factory, a school, a rural hospital) and with state institutions of regional subordination, included in the system of social protection of orphans; formation of staff capable of qualitatively solving the assigned tasks. Since the situation with the selection of employees was difficult (high staff turnover), the directors practiced various ways of solving it: recommendations, a trial period, combining positions, replacement by qualified personnel from representatives of the local community, or at the request of district authorities, temporary redistribution of responsibilities within the team. The experience of management activities in the Starynsky Orphanage complements the understanding of the conditions the administration had to face to ensure the institution's smooth operation in conditions of limited resources and unpredictable circumstances.

Digital society: State and development prospects

The digital society is characterised by the use of various technologies and exhibits diverse developmental trends. Digitalisation facilitates everyday life and enhances business process efficiency. The research aims to identify the origins of the digital society, assess its current state of development and future prospects, and analyse the impact of digitalisation on social life. The methodology is based on scientific research principles, employing general scientific methods of cognition, critical analysis, observation, and synthesis. The article reveals the role and significance of artificial intelligence in the development of the digital society and the potential problems and risks of its use: the generation and dissemination of misinformation, risks of violating personal privacy, risks of increasing inequality, and the emergence of ethical dilemmas in the use of artificial intelligence. It is concluded that alongside the opportunities opened up by the digital society, there are challenges and threats. These include overcoming the information crisis, recognising the priority of information compared to other resources, and forming a new sector of the information economy. Alongside these benefits, challenges arise, such as the impact of digital communication channels, the intrusion of technology into private life, and issues concerning the reliability of information. Ensuring cybersecurity and privacy is becoming a crucial and pressing task. It is also necessary to ensure responsible use of technology and artificial intelligence to avoid negative consequences such as inequality in access to technology and job losses due to digital transformation. While there is great potential for using technology to improve lives, its development and implementation must be carefully managed to maximise benefits and minimise risks. This will require global cooperation, responsible policies, ethical approaches, and the preparation of citizens for the realities of the digital world

EU experience in the digital transformation of administrative services

The EU’s experience in the digital transformation of administrative services is important because it demonstrates effective approaches to increasing transparency and efficiency of public administration. Studying European practices helps improve digital services in other countries seeking to modernise their administrative systems, including Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyse and summarise the EU experience in implementing digital technologies in the field of administration, highlighting successful practices, challenges and opportunities for further development. The case study method, which examines particular instances of successful implementation of digital projects in the field of administrative services in various EU countries, highlighting success factors and challenges, and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used in the research methodology. Such a comprehensive study can be an important contribution to understanding the processes of digital transformation in the administrative sector. Based on the results, the following recommendations are made for the use of the EU experience in Ukraine. Expanding administrative service delivery in Ukraine with the support of the European Union may include a number of initiatives and measures aimed at modernising and effectively using digital technologies. The main areas of EU support for the modernisation and effective use of digital technologies in Ukraine include the following: development of e-governance; development of a network of administrative service centers; further development of electronic identification; improvement of digital literacy; cooperation with European partners. In 2024, administrative services are viewed from the perspective of establishing communication between the government and society, where a number of factors are key to success, including the number of requests, the format of requests, response time, relevance, etc. These initiatives are aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of administrative services in Ukraine with the support of the EU and can contribute to improving the efficiency of public administration and meeting the needs of citizens and businesses. The practical value of this study is the possibility of improving public administration in Ukraine through the introduction of effective digital technologies and improving the quality of administrative services based on the EU experience. This will also help to increase the digital literacy of the population, strengthen cooperation with the EU, and create more convenient services for citizens and businesses, which will improve the economic climate in the country

The history of the formation of "soft power" resources in the foreign cultural policy of the Italian Republic

The subject of the research in this article is the history of the formation of the resources of the "soft power" of the Italian Republic. The object of research in this article is the activities and experience of the Italian Republic in the XX century within the framework of foreign cultural policy to promote a positive image of the country on the basis of its own national culture and its components. The article aims to provide an overview of the development of the concept of "soft power", the history of its formation, as well as the study of Italy's experience in using its cultural heritage as tools for forming a positive image of its national culture abroad. The study of this issue in several directions, depending on the goals of the state, allowed us to consider in dynamics what was the basis for the current state and functioning of foreign cultural policy, in Italian practice based mainly on elements of national culture. One of the key aspects of the formation of Italy's soft power resources is its rich cultural heritage. Italy is known for its great works of art, architecture, music, cuisine and fashion. These cultural elements have become an important tool for attracting attention and respect to the country abroad. When using general scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis, observation, systematization, classification, interpretation and forecasting, the main milestones of the development of "soft power" in the Italian Republic are examined in detail, which makes it possible to trace on which resources the popularization of national culture is based and which areas have been allocated by the state over time to increase the attractiveness and prestige of the country, as well as establishing trusting relationships with potential partners. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that today the connection between national culture and soft power is an important aspect of the state's foreign policy, which arouses some interest in the topic. The interest in studying this aspect is also explained by the fact that today the skillful application of the policy of "soft power" comes to the fore in cultural diplomacy, which shows the country's ability to achieve its goals through the attractiveness of its lifestyle, values and culture, and not through military force, implying the emergence of certain threats. In connection with the conclusions obtained, it is possible to identify how the development of modern trends in the transmission of the image of national culture developed, which are now actively promoted by the Italian Republic through the policy of "soft power", contributing to the establishment of friendly relations, increasing prestige and increasing influence in the international arena.

DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN (on the example OF JSC IC NOMAD Insurance)

The article is devoted to assessing the impact of financial technologies on the well-being of insurance companies, to identify negative factors hindering their implementation and development and to suggest ways to reduce this impact. The research used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as statistical, correlation and regression methods. The empirical base of the study was made up of official reports and materials of JSC IC Nomad Insurance. The financial technology market in Kazakhstan is one of the fastest growing in Asia. Due to the achieved high level of Internet access penetration (over 90%), the country's fintech sector has huge growth potential. At the same time, large organizations, including companies from the telecommunications sector, are experimenting with the development and implementation of new products and services. And this will contribute to the emergence of new financial technologies in the insurance sector and the emergence of new challenges that require study and solution, which will be the direction of future research. Recommendations have been developed to optimize insurance activities using financial technologies. The company should introduce a number of insurance products and apply technologies to create a "smart" image of the insurance object. Forecasting of the values of the net amount of insurance premiums for the coming years was carried out, the data of which indicates the continuation of the positive dynamics of the activities of JSC IC Nomad Insurance.

State and legal mechanisms in the formation of the ethnic identity of ukrainians (17th to Early 20th Century)

Unlike Eastern Ukraine, the territorial belonging of Western Ukrainian lands was determined by contractual agreements between European states. Reforms in Austria, and later in Austria-Hungary, as opposed to Russia, were based on the principles of Enlightenment ideology and values such as freedom, human rights, constitutionalism, and parliamentarism. In the medium-term perspective, this led to the Western Ukrainian community developing a sense of national consciousness, political organization, and the values of European civilization by the end of the 19th century. In this article, based on a comparative analysis of the historical experience of the Ukrainian community within two empires – the Russian and the Austro-Hungarian – the evolution of the process of national identity is examined. The study was conducted using general methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, specification, and formalization. During the study, the author analyzed the peculiarities of the state and legal mechanisms for forming the ethnic identity of Ukrainians in the seventeenth and early twentieth centuries. The prerequisites of Ukrainians’ ethnic self-identification are considered. The author analyses the historical and cultural foundations of establishing the Ukrainian nation with the modern state-building process.

Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence: Experience of China

Objective: to trace the development trajectory of legal regulation in the field of artificial intelligence in the People’s Republic of China by revealing the advantages and disadvantages of China’s approach to artificial intelligence regulation and to outline the prospects of national regulation for the nearest future, taking into account the world experience.Methods: general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, classification, systemic and functional approaches. Also, the formal-legal, comparativelegal, and historical-legal methods were used.Results: the research demonstrates the validity of Chinese claims for world leadership in the creation of legal regulation of artificial intelligence, as it is in China that the first normative legal acts were adopted. These acts have already entered into force; however, each of them deals with a narrow range of issues, while there is no law to establish general rules for the artificial intelligence industry. Among the characteristic features of the Chinese approach we can name, first of all, its iterative nature, which allows adjusting the regulation with each new step. Another feature is the sectoral nature of the regulation.Scientific novelty: in the course of the research, the development stages of artificial intelligence legal regulation in China were identified and described; the advantages and disadvantages of the Chinese approach to regulation were identified and argued; this approach was compared with the approaches of China’s main rivals competing with it in terms of the technology development and its legal regulation. All of the above allowed making conclusions about the subsequent development of legal regulation in China and in the whole world.Practical significance: familiarization with the research materials enables interested legal scholars, and not only them, to get a clear idea of the level of artificial intelligence regulation, achieved by China. China’s experience is of significant interest to the rest of the world, showing the correctness or faults of possible regulatory options in the new and complex field. The study results can be used in the practice of legal regulation in the sphere of artificial intelligence, as well as in preparing lectures in the relevant courses and writing tutorials for law students.

Economic and demographic factors of improving the standard of living of the population in the subject of the Russian Federation

This article examines the problem of economic and demographic factors of improving the standard of living of the population in the subjects of Russia. It is known that Russia is a country of regions and they all have different levels of their socio-economic development. There are so-called donor regions and recipient regions in the country. Often, it depends on the economy of the region, its natural resource and extractive component. At the same time, the donor regions have rather modest demographic indicators of their own. However, the socio-economic well-being of the majority of the subjects of the Russian Federation directly depends on the demographic factor. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify these factors, their justification and explanation of their role in the development of the region. The article uses the author»s methodology, which includes various approaches to research, including political, economic, sociological, demographic and others. Among the research methods, the method of statistical data analysis should be highlighted as the main research method. General scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis, interpretation of the obtained data, and the descriptive method are also used. According to the results of the study, relevant conclusions and recommendations were made. The main factors influencing the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation are identified. The ways of influencing the demographic factor on the economy of the region are formulated.

The synthesis method of series-based bistable compliant mechanisms for rigid-body guidance problem based on geometrical similarity transformation of pole maps

Abstract Designing guidance mechanisms using bistable mechanisms with two stable positions is a common low-power solution for maintaining the guidance position without continuous external energy input. However, the coupling between kinematics and statics in compliant bistable mechanisms poses a challenge for their application in mechanism synthesis. To address this issue, this paper introduces the pole similarity transformation theory into the synthesis of compliant mechanisms and proposes a general synthesis method for planar serial-based compliant bistable mechanisms. This method models the compliant mechanism using the strain energy method and analyzes the bistable characteristics of the mechanism within its motion plane using the saddle point searching method. By doing so, the proposed method can identify stable positions without predetermined motion trajectories, making it more suitable for designing compliant bistable mechanisms with general planar motion. Additionally, this method utilizes the pole map to describe the stable positions of the rigid components in the compliant mechanism and establishes an information database for compliant bistable mechanisms. Through leveraging the pole similarity transformation, the pole maps of the mechanisms in the information database are matched with the pole map of the motion task, thus achieving the synthesis of planar serial-based compliant bistable mechanisms for the rigid-body guidance problem. The paper provides a detailed explanation of the mechanism synthesis process and demonstrates its application through a case study.

Monetary indicators in the financial monitoring system in Russia

During the dynamic transformations in the economy, including in the financial sector, there is a need to adapt the existing financial monitoring system in Russia. To implement it, a system of indicators is used, on which the effectiveness of financial monitoring and the achievement of various goals depends. Therefore, the main criterion for financial monitoring is the completeness of the monitored indicators. This article examines the problem of the lack of indicators of monetary factors of economic processes and phenomena in the financial monitoring system in Russia, which creates a sphere of potential and real risks in the domestic economy. From here, the object of research is determined, which are monetary indicators. The subject of the study is specific monetary indicators: the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the ruble exchange rate, the RTS index. The achievement of research goals and objectives is carried out using general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis and generalization. The purpose of this article is to search for indicators that can clearly reflect the problems in the financial aspect that have developed in Russia. It is also argued that the use of monetary indicators in financial monitoring will make it possible to organize financial monitoring in Russia more effectively, that is, to ensure timely and more complete achievement of various goals and objectives of public administration. To achieve this goal, the essence of financial monitoring in Russia, the indicators used in it, as well as the search and analysis of new monetary indicators with subsequent conclusions about the viability of their use are considered. As a result, it can be understood that monetary indicators explain some of the causes of crisis phenomena, thereby proving the need for their inclusion in the Russian financial monitoring system.

Development of the Far Eastern Territories of Russia: from the Origins to Modern Realities

Relevance. In the conditions of the new world order, issues of state migration policy are of particular importance. The rapid development of the Far Eastern Federal District in the 21st century is determined by “absolute priority”. Therefore, the problems and prospects for technological and infrastructural development of the Far East require scientific understanding and social correction from all levels of state and municipal government. As prospects for minimizing the consequences of population outflow, a set of management measures is proposed, primarily at the federal level, which involves: providing a package of social preferences to all socio-demographic groups of residents of the Far Eastern Federal District; attracting human resources within the framework of the annually held competition “Leaders of Russia” and implementing in-depth scientific research on all socially significant projects. The purpose is to identify promising areas of managerial influence to minimize the outflow of population from the Far Eastern territories of modern Russia. Objectives: characterize the historical retrospective of the development of the Far Eastern territories; reveal cause-and-effect relationships, conditions and factors of population outflow; outline directions for minimizing negative migration consequences. Methodology. Research procedures are based on a synthesis of theoretical principles of the sociology of management and economics, using general scientific methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results. A set of quantitative and qualitative sociological measurements was carried out, which made it possible to determine the "pain points" of migration policy in the Far East and the prospects for their resolution. Conclusions. Stratification differences between Russian regions in terms of basic socio-economic indicators require the federal level of government to take specific measures to minimize their consequences. Underfunding of technological and infrastructure projects in the Far Eastern territories leads to fragmentation of their implementation. Deep scientific expertise and public approval are necessary when developing federal and regional development programs for the Far Eastern territories.

Recent Advances of Flexible MXene and its Composites for Supercapacitors.

MXenes have unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, rich surface chemistry, and convenient processability. These characteristics make them ideal for producing flexible materials with tunable microstructures. This paper reviews the laboratory research progress of flexible MXene and its composite materials for supercapacitors. And introduces the general synthesis method of MXene, as well as the preparation and properties of flexible MXene. By analyzing the current research status, the electrochemical reaction mechanism of MXene was explained from the perspectives of electrolyte and surface terminating groups. This review particularly emphasizes the composite methods of freestanding flexible MXene composite materials. The review points out that the biggest problem with flexible MXene electrodes is severe self-stacking, which reduces the number of chemically active sites, weakens ion accessibility, and ultimately lowers electrochemical performance. Therefore, it is necessary to composite MXene with other electrode materials and design a good microstructure. This review affirms the enormous potential of flexible MXene and its composite materials in the field of supercapacitors. In addition, the challenges and possible improvements faced by MXene based materials in practical applications were also discussed.