General Literature Research Articles

Noun classifiers in Hong Kong Sign Language

Abstract As most other sign languages, Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL) makes use of verbal classifiers for the purpose of spatial predication. However, a thorough study of the Asian SignBank shows that these same classifier handshapes occur in 76% of all HKSL nouns. In this paper, I argue that these classifier handshapes embedded in nouns are in fact noun classifiers. Under the framework of Distributed Morphology, classifier handshapes are underspecified roots in root compounds which can be assigned the nominal category when merged with a nominal functional head in syntax. The function of these classifiers is to identify, and categorize a discourse referent, and they are full-fledged classifiers according to standards set by the general linguistic literature on classifiers. In addition to verbal and noun classifiers, I also briefly show how HKSL uses mensural numeral classifiers to intervene between mass nouns and numerals within the NP. Taken together, this means that HKSL employs three different types of classifiers: verbal, noun, and numeral classifiers.

The Importance and Components of Economic Cooperation among Red Sea Countries

In an era marked by interconnectedness and global interdependence, the Red Sea region stands as a pivotal nexus linking diverse nations with shared opportunities and challenges. The importance of economic cooperation among Red Sea countries cannot be overstated, as it not only holds the potential to bolster individual national economies but also to foster regional stability, enhance sustainable development, and create a pathway towards mutual prosperity. This strategic waterway, teeming with economic potential, serves as a conduit for trade, investment, and collaboration, urging nations along its shores to recognize the mutual benefits of collective economic endeavors. In this dynamic context, fostering collaboration among Red Sea countries emerges not only as an economic imperative but also as a diplomatic and geopolitical necessity, reflecting the growing recognition that shared interests transcend national borders and can be best pursued through collective action. This paper offers a general literature review on the topic of the importance and components of economic cooperation among Red Sea countries. This literature review synthesizes existing research on the importance and components of economic cooperation among Red Sea countries. The Red Sea region, characterized by its strategic geopolitical position, is home to a diverse group of nations with unique economic challenges and opportunities. Scholars have extensively explored the potential benefits of fostering economic collaboration in this region, emphasizing the crucial role it plays in promoting regional stability, sustainable development, and mutual prosperity.

The New Normal

Over the past two years, sport organizations worldwide have had to adapt traditional operating procedures regarding employee health and well-being as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these has been the implementation of remote work as an integral part of organizational structure. Through a review of the general literature regarding remote work, this paper presents an argument for the adoption of remote work as part of the standard operating practices of intercollegiate athletic departments. Specifically, organizational control theory provides a lens through which college athletic organizations can implement remote work and maintain a level of organizational effectiveness by utilizing the management of communication and trust. By extending scholarship on organizational control theory within sport management, the utilization of the organizational controls will allow athletic department leadership to modernize their departments while gaining competitive advantage.

Women's effectiveness in school leadership: The case of Awi Nationality administrative zone primary schools, Ethiopia

Research on the effectiveness of women in school leadership roles is plentiful in general literature. However, there is a notable scarcity of studies focusing on the effectiveness of women principals within Ethiopia's primary education system. This study examined the perceived effectiveness of women school principals' vis-à-vis the national professional standards for school principals in Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 147 teachers of which 85 male and 62 women selected through a comprehensive sampling procedure. A survey questionnaire was employed to gather relevant information, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The study found that women were perceived positively as effective school leaders across key dimensions of Ethiopia's national professional standards. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in perceptions between male and women teachers in three dimensions (in fostering school vision and community leadership, t(145) = 1.013, p = .313, in instructional leadership, t(145) = .46 and p = .646 and in administrative leadership, t(145) = .791 and p = .43. The findings suggest the importance of boosting more women to pursue leadership roles in schools by encouraging successful women leaders and providing targeted training. These recommendations are particularly relevant for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in promoting gender equality and effective leadership in the education sector.

Comparison of Arthroscopic Microfracture and Retrograde Subchondral Drilling in the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of Talus.

In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of microfracture and retrograde subchondral drilling on clinical outcomes in patients who underwent ankle arthroscopy due to osteochondral lesion of medial talus. Twenty eight patients with osteochondral lesion of talus less than 1.5 cm2 treated with ankle arthroscopy were evaluated retrospectively. Microfracture was performed in 16 patients and retrograde subchondral drilling was performed in 12 patients that there was no loss of integrity in the cartilage layer or cartilage layer is partially preserved during ankle arthroscopy. Postoperative evaluations of the patients were done with Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and results of both group were compared statistically. The mean activities of daily living scale was 93.4±3.2 and sportive activity scale was 90.1±5.7 in the retrograde drilling group. In the micro-fracture group, mean activities of daily living scale was 93.8±4.1 and mean sportive activity scale was 88.9±9.5. No significant difference was found as a result of statistical comparisons of both groups results. It has been determined that the size and preservation of the integrity of talar osteochondral lesions are important factors on clinical results. Results of arthroscopic debridement, microfracture and drilization are not good in lesions larger than 1.5 cm2 and lesions with impaired integrity. In our study, depending on the general literature, osteochondral lesions in talus were less than 1.5 cm2 in patients who underwent arthroscopic micro fracture and retrograde drilling. Both microfracture and retrograde subchondral drilling are effective treatment methods with good clinical results for talar osteochondral lesions less than 1,5cm2 . Retrograde subchondral drilling can be an alternative treatment method with the reliability of clinical results in patients with no loss of the integrity of the cartilage layer or cartilage layer is partially preserved. talus, osteochondral lesion, microfracture, subchondral drilling.

BANK SETTLEMENTS OF TRADE ENTERPRISES

In the course of our research, theoretical and practical recommendations regarding the organization of accounting and cash analysis at retail enterprises were substantiated. The economic content of funds, as well as the organization of accounting and analysis of funds at enterprises, were analyzed. We also analyzed the activities of retail trade enterprises. The task was formulated and the role of the accounting and cash analysis system at retail enterprises was defined. Considered the process of accounting for cash at retail trade enterprises and offered practical recommendations he the organization of accounting and analysis of cash at retail trade enterprises. In the process of carrying out trade activities, an integral attribute and component of the entire industrial and economic complex is a set of settlement operations that accelerate the circulation of working capital, ensure the implementation of economic relations and play an important role in the process of extended reproduction. The implementation of contractual relations and the fulfillment of relevant duties and obligations takes place with the help of calculations. The analysis of general and special literature shows that there is no unambiguous interpretation of the term «calculations» today. The study of settlement relations in a historical aspect and from the perspective of the positions of various authors makes it possible that get as close as possible that their economic essence and that single out specific proposals regarding the choice of optimal forms and methods of settlements with business partners, improvement of their accounting. We also substantiated the system of cash analysis at retail enterprises. It is substantiated that the proper organization of accounting and analysis of funds is an essential aspect of financial management of the enterprise. The effective organization of cash accounting helps that ensure the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting, and control helps that ensure the reliability and correctness of accounting records and technical calculations he the accounts of retail enterprises.

Turning crisis into chances: Tourism entrepreneurs’ timing strategies amidst emergencies

PURPOSE: Nowadays enterprises operate in a very turbulent environment characterized by frequent, significant, and often unpredictable changes. Such conditions, including crises, force enterprises to take quick actions to adapt to changing conditions. The aim of the paper is to identify chances and timing strategies used by tourism entrepreneurs in conditions of large-scale emergencies (such as COVID-19) and show how they can serve organizational resilience. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative research was conducted in the form of 12 individual in-depth interviews and 4 focus group interviews with 22 representatives of selected industries in the tourism sector. The concept of chance management and timing strategies is used to present how, according to our interviewees, changes in the environment caused by the pandemic contributed to the survival and development of their entities in the tourism market. FINDINGS: The research findings showed that changes caused by the pandemic allowed entities to identify several chances. These chances mainly concerned the introduction of changes to the offer (accelerating previously planned changes and enabling the introduction of unplanned changes). Moreover, they provided the chances to use held digital competences and time to think about the company’s development strategy, as well as establishing and developing relationships with stakeholders. Additionally, our research identified four timing strategies used by tourism entrepreneurs in the time of crisis, i.e. chance-grasping strategy, chance-entraining strategy, chance-riding strategy, and chance-creating strategy. IMPLICATIONS: Tourism enterprises are highly exposed to operating in crisis conditions. Therefore, chance management can be very useful in their activity and our research findings can be also useful regarding its theoretical and practical implications. From the theoretical point of view, we show how the concept of chance management (in particular timing strategies) can be useful for analyzing the reactions of tourism entrepreneurs to changes in times of crisis and taking advantage of opportunities arising from crisis situations. From a practical point of view, we show what strategies, depending on entrepreneurs’ subjective assessment of the current and future conditions for implementing changes, can serve organizational resilience in times of crisis. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This paper fills a research gap related to the use of the concepts of chance management and timing strategies from the perspective of tourist enterprises resilience, previously not used in this context and to a limited extent used in the general management literature so far.

Digitalization of small and medium-sized family enterprises: The key role of succession

Family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent a peculiar context for investigating digitalization since the vital link between the family and the business turns into distinctive approaches to innovation relative to nonfamily firms. Although extant literature acknowledges that all firms are increasingly required to respond to the challenges of the digital economy, the current knowledge about how family SMEs pursue digital innovation and how it impacts the organization is still limited. Similarly, understanding if and how succession plays a role in innovation and digital change development in family firms is a topic that needs further investigation. A qualitative study of six Italian family SMEs currently undergoing their digitalization journeys detected three types of digitalization (molt, turmoil, and clear-cut) that are deeply connected with different succession experiences, different levels of business family support, and various levels of strategic planning. The findings highlight the central role of succession and intergenerational dialogue in fostering digitalization in family firms. The paper contributes to the general literature about digital innovation in family SMEs and mainly speaks to that literature focused on the relationship between technological innovation and succession, offering new and deeper insights into the relationship between the family, the person who is in charge of managing digitalization in these firms and the whole digitalization process. Contributions to practice are also outlined: the three types of digitalization represent a valuable tool to sustain consultants and family firms’ owners in digitalizing these organizations.

Mobility in Dhakal’s Seti Pani Kali Pani

This research focuses in the area of niyatra, a Nepali term to denote a travel writing with the writer’s personal feelings and experiences. Prateek Dhakal’s Seti Pani Kali Pani picturizes many distant villages and hillsides of western Nepal and Nainital, India. This research is helpful to introduce the local area into the international arena and Nepali niyatra theory and literature in global context. It adopts Balkrishna Pokhrel, Nirmohi Byaas and Jaya Chhangchha’s theory on niyatra as research approach. The research also borrows concepts of travel writing proposed by some other western theorists like Carl Thomson and Mary Baine Campbell. For them, mobility is a key point of travel writing in general and niyatra literature in particular. This research addresses the issue how the theme of mobility is dominating in the text. The major objective of the research is to point out the movement from the beginning to the end of the text. The findings present many evidences of movement in Dhakal’s Seti Pani Kali Pani. To show the mobility, the description of landscape and places, society and culture and events and lifestyle in the text is analyzed. The research concludes that Dhakal’s Seti Pani kali Pani has the theme of mobility. This text has to be studied further by using another theme of Niyatra that is depiction of local.

Islamic Literature: An Attempt at A Historical Overview

This study aims to provide an overview of the development of Islamic literature, particularly in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish languages, from the birth of Islam to the 20th century. It will encompass four main historical periods: The early Islamic period (7th-10th centuries), the middle Islamic period (11th-15th centuries), the 16th-18th century dynasties, and the modern period. The study describes the main literary genres, themes, trends, figures, and works that emerged in Islamic communities, explores the motives and outcomes of interactions with various Eastern and Western traditions in different periods, and draws attention to the significant shifts in Islamic literature during the modern era. Available compact studies in Islamic literature predominantly deal with a specific language area or undertake thematic research. The present study, which demonstrates the historical course of the literature of Islamic communities in three widespread languages, helps to pinpoint the general trends of continuity, transformation, and interaction among these traditions. For instance, it brings out the key role Arabic literature played in defining the main poetic forms of Islamic literature, such as ghazal, qasida, mathnawi, and promoting the literary prose, adab, which were subsequently elaborated and transformed within other linguistic traditions. Again, it shows how the dissolution of the Abbasid political power impacted the revival of Persian literature, which later took the lead in establishing mystic philosophy as a major vein in general Islamic literature. Another common experience of Islamic literatures that stands out in this survey is the transformation of formal and thematic features due to the expanding Western influence and stimulus of modernization in the 19th century.

A Guide to People Management Practices Focused on the Circular Economy: A Theoretical Approach

Aims: The training and development of people is essential for the companies that want to adopt the Circular Economy, but little has been objectively discussed in the literature on the subject, leaving several gaps for research. Then, the main goal of this study is to identify the people management practices organizations must adopt for the circular economy to happen in their processes and businesses.
 Study Design: Literature review and analytical assessment.
 Place and Duration of Study: Estate of São Paulo, Brazil, companies, experts, and general literature, between June 2019 and July 2020.
 Methodology: The study used a theoretical approach to people management practices in the general context as well as in the context of the Circular Economy. Then, a subjective analysis of the interpretation was performed to find correspondence between standard requirements and Circular Economy practices. Finally, a conceptual model was created.
 Results: The Circular Economy was characterized as sustainable development, justifying the need for human resource management to be oriented toward the Circular Economy. It was shown that 20% of articles in the literature address the need for people management oriented towards the circular economy. The relationship of the thirty-one identified practices with the standard requirements was divided into four dimensions: Organizational Culture; People Development; Leadership; and Team Development. A conceptual model was built based on the identified practices and classified into the four dimensions.
 Conclusion: The leading practices that best contribute to the Circular Economy context are divided into four dimensions and are recommended to be adopted for the successful transition to the Circular Economy. This research contributes to the human resources management in organizations transitioning to a Circular Economy and fills a gap in the development of people for such transition. Academically, it presents a contribution to the studies of people management in the context of Circular Economy for the changing organizations.

THE ECONOMY OF THE EUROPEAN REGION A CASE STUDY OF GREEN LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT

This article conducts a general literature review, examining whether the European Region economy is on board with green low-carbon development. The research focused on synthesizing information from existing literature on events such as sustainability, green economy, energy booms and shock effects. These systems, policies and implementation examples of Europe have found a wide place in the literature. Based on the synthesis obtained by bringing together this information, the article discusses the economic, social and aggressive dimensions of green low-carbon development. This synthesis aims to shed light on potential strategies and policy recommendations to guide the European Region's economy towards a sustainable future.

Nuanced but important: A literature-based comparison between B2B and B2C platforms

This paper compares the potential characteristics of B2B platforms as identified in the information systems literature with those in the general platform literature. Our analysis reveals that these characteristics are not exclusive to B2B platforms and suggests that the differences between B2B and B2C platforms may be more subtle. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these differences serve as success factors for B2B platforms or merely represent the current approaches of the platforms under examination. We identified five potential differences that warrant further investigation. Therefore, this literature-based comparison lays the groundwork for further research on supporting decision-making when building a B2B platform ecosystem or joining a B2B platform ecosystem. Especially important is the fact that building on insights from B2C could lead to wrong decisions and platform failure or unintended outcomes for participants. Thereby the study contributes to understanding of the unique aspects of digital B2B platforms and has implications for B2B platform managers and policymakers because the presence of these ecosystems can considerably influence competitive dynamics in markets.

The significance of the senior pastor for change and growth

This is a literature-based article on the importance of the pastor for change and growth in the local church. The article discusses five themes derived from a review of the research literature, namely the general leadership literature and the church leadership literature. The contribution of this article is its discussion of the church leadership literature on the role of the pastor, taking into account the general research on the role of a top leader. Six propositions on how the pastor contributes to change and growth in the church are derived: 1) The pastor, as the senior leader, is vital for team development, change, and growth. 2) The personality traits and gifts of the pastors are important. 3) To increase change and growth, the senior pastor must emphasize a change-promoting leadership role and style, moderated by the roles and styles of the leadership team members. 4) A change- and task-oriented style must be moderated and reinforced - probably more so than in other organizations - by a transformational and relational leadership style. 5) The pastor should build an influential top-leader team to create direction, strategy, and change. Diversity facilitates the necessary discussion within the team. A common goal and appealing vision contribute positively to cooperation within the team. 6) Leadership should not only be understood as what the leader or pastor does but also as a complex interaction with other actors and the context. Building trust and good relationships with subordinate leaders and coworkers is thus vital for change and growth. Finally, a model for understanding the connection between the pastor, change, and growth is outlined.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INPAINTING TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING FEATURE EXTRACTION QUALITY IN REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY

Abstract. Remote Sensing (RS) images have been used in several applications of interest for society. Despite the precision and robustness derived from RS images, several aerial scenes exhibit imperfections and fall short of attaining ideal quality standards, as some of them present distortions such as noise, blur, and stripes. An alternative approach to deal with such distortions is by applying Inpainting techniques, however, under certain circumstances, this type of approach requires to be evaluated by quantitative metrics to assess the final quality of the reconstruction. Therefore, this paper focus on the issue of quantitatively evaluating inpainting results in the context of RS by analysing and comparing new evaluation metrics in contrast to the classical ones from the general literature of RS. More precisely, two inpainting techniques are applied for object removal and reconstruction of partially detected curvilinear cartographic features in RS images. Next, the obtained results are evaluated by taking six evaluation metrics to assess the agreement level between the metrics, as well as between qualitative evaluations conducted by human agents. Based on the evaluation of these metrics when applied to RS images, it can be concluded that the DISTS and VSI metrics are the most promising candidates for adaptation and application within the specific context of RS.

SWSSL: Sliding Window-Based Self-Supervised Learning for Anomaly Detection in High-Resolution Images.

Anomaly detection (AD) aims to determine if an instance has properties different from those seen in normal cases. The success of this technique depends on how well a neural network learns from normal instances. We observe that the learning difficulty scales exponentially with the input resolution, making it infeasible to apply AD to high-resolution images. Resizing them to a lower resolution is a compromising solution and does not align with clinical practice where the diagnosis could depend on image details. In this work, we propose to train the network and perform inference at the patch level, through the sliding window algorithm. This simple operation allows the network to receive high-resolution images but introduces additional training difficulties, including inconsistent image structure and higher variance. We address these concerns by setting the network's objective to learn augmentation-invariant features. We further study the augmentation function in the context of medical imaging. In particular, we observe that the resizing operation, a key augmentation in general computer vision literature, is detrimental to detection accuracy, and the inverting operation can be beneficial. We also propose a new module that encourages the network to learn from adjacent patches to boost detection performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on breast tomosynthesis and chest X-ray datasets and our method improves 8.03% and 5.66% AUC on image-level classification respectively over the current leading techniques. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

The Collegiate Sport Experience: Reconceptualizing Sport Venues and College Athlete Satisfaction

Academic institutions across the country have and will continue to spend billions of dollars annually on facilities to recruit and retain their athletes. However, most facility research in sport focuses on consumer satisfaction instead of athlete satisfaction despite the fact satisfied athletes are going to (a) be more likely to initially commit to a school and (b) be retained by a school. Thus, it is important that researchers shift from mainly focusing on sport spectators to also focusing on college athletes, the primary users of sport facilities. Accordingly, a conceptual model of collegiate athlete satisfaction with competition venues was developed from a critical review and research synthesis of the general facility management and sport facility management literatures. The proposed model created from the literature review includes financial, functional, aesthetic, and atmospheric indicators, and uses norms as comparative standards as its theoretical foundation. From this model and corresponding narrative explanation, sport researchers and athletic department administrators should gain knowledge and guidance about how to better utilize sport venues to enhance the college sport experiences of their athletes.

“Like Ships in the Night” and the Paradox of Distinctiveness for Sport Management: A Citation Network Analysis of Institutional Theory in Sport

A central issue within sport management is the extent to which the field should develop a distinctive theoretical knowledge base. This paper empirically investigates the connectedness within (intrafield) and between (interfield) management and sport management disciplines in one specific knowledge domain—institutional theory. We utilized a database of 188 sport-related institutional studies and conducted a citation network analysis of the aggregated reference lists from these articles. We argue that the fields of management and sport management act like “ships in the night.” That is, as the field of sport management has become more distinctive, the field is becoming less connected with general management literature and contemporary theoretical discussions. Potential implications for sport management scholarship and understanding the nature of the field are discussed, along with how it may be possible (if desired) to bridge the gap between sport and management research.

The Parsee Literary Evolution

Indian Literature in English has acquired a diasporic dimension in every aspect of its contemporary literary evolution. Diasporic literature has become a significant component of Indian literature. The eminence of Indian literature in the contemporary situation is being completely carried over by the Diasporic writers. This perspective is particularly seen in the evolution of Indian Parsee writings. The sudden emergence of Indian Parisee writings in English has become an enigma as it remained unexplored by the interpreting communities. Within the general circumscription of the diasporic literature produced by Barathi Mukherjee, Umaparameswaran, Ven Begamudre, Michael Ondaatje, M.G. Vasanjee, Shyam Selvadurai, Neil Bissoondath, the writings of Rohinton Mistry represent the Parsee connotations. Rohinton Mistry with his unimaginable representation of the culture of Parsee's in his writings has called for the immediate urgency in trying to concentrate on this particular segment of literature that has become as an unavoidable in the critical decipherment of Indian literature in English. The contribution of Indian Parsee writers like Firdaus Kanga, Farrukh Dhondy, Bapsi Sidhwa, Ardashir Vakil, Boman Desai and Dina Mehta has significant chunk of Post Colonial literature in general and post Colonial Indian literature in particular. The sudden significance of Parsee literature compels any avid scholar to explore into the evolution of the Parsee community from the historical and cultural perspectives.

IP Cameras Beyond Security: A Systematic Literature Review Examining Their Adoption and Potential in the Healthcare Industry

There is a growing interest of IP Camera usage in the healthcare industries. IP Cameras are now being used in healthcare including patient monitoring, healthcare, telemedicine, etc. This paper aims to determine the applications of the IP Camera in the healthcare industry including how it is used in these applications to serve as a tool for future researchers to understand how they can use IP cameras in their future endeavors. A total of 31 related literatures and studies published from 2019 to 2022 were gathered, all of which used IP cameras in their specific studies. A code for each study was created according to their specific application and use. Results show that IP cameras were mainly used in 12 applications, mostly for Deep Learning, Robotics, and COVID-19 Application. These cameras were also used in 7 roles, mainly remote monitoring, telemedicine, telerehabilitation, and capturing data for model training, testing, and use. Overall, this study showed that IP cameras play a crucial role in the healthcare industry and have the potential to improve and revolutionize the way healthcare services are delivered such as improving telemedicine and promoting the use of telerehabilitation. Future research includes examining the use of IP cameras in other industries, especially in smart home environments, how IP cameras are used in different deep learning algorithms, and analyzing the benefits and challenges of IP cameras in different applications. CCS CONCEPTS: CCS CONCEPTS -> General and reference ~ Document types ~ General literature ACM Reference Format: This block will be automatically generated when manuscripts are processed after acceptance.