General Education Institutions Research Articles

SOCIALISATION CONTEXTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND WAR: STATUS AND PROBLEMS (based on the materials of the empirical research)

The article presents the materials of a research aimed at identifying the peculiarities of the socialization of students of general secondary education institutions of communal and private forms of ownership in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment and war, collected through an online survey. Based on the data of the empirical research, the socialization contexts of the development of students of the 5th – 11th grades were singled out; its interpretation was carried out in relation to the actual needs of schoolchildren and satisfaction in the conditions of the educational environment. Socialization contexts are structured into ten lines of development of schoolchildren, namely: social-emotional development, social-communicative interaction, social behaviour, sociallyoriented activity, social activity and initiative, social competence, social well-being, social experience, social (digital) identification, social expectations, which are revealed in an integrative relationship and with a certain penetration of the socio-emotional. Using examples of the features of the socialization contexts of schoolchildren’s development in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment and war, signs of the manifestation of tendencies are outlined and possible risks of their development are predicted. The study reflects the age-specific peculiarities of thinking and skills of adolescent and senior schoolchildren, their assessment of the situation of social development in the educational environment and the possibilities of their own participation in its optimisation, as well as their idea of an ideal educational environment. The data of the experimental section can also be interpreted in terms of the state of the social component of learning losses in its individual characteristics, and can be used to optimise educational practice, in particular, to design the educational and developmental environment of general secondary education students during the war and in post-war reconstruction.

LEARNING LOSSES: THE COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the problem of learning losses. The study is theoretical. The authors used the methods of comparative analysis and theoretical generalisation of modern approaches in educational science and practice to the causes of and conditions for overcoming learning losses, studying and interpreting the results of surveys of students and teachers of general secondary education institutions in Ukraine. The authors emphasised that in times of war, learning losses, together with psychological losses, losses at the level of infrastructure, teaching staff, etc. form a set of losses that are considered as losses of the educational system. It is stated that in Ukraine there is a process of developing procedures for studying the war times learning losses, as well as mechanisms for minimising them. The article describes the achievements of researchers of the Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine on overcoming learning losses in primary school and at the level of general secondary education.Based on the research results the authors substantiate key principles that should determine the mechanisms/programmes for minimising and catching up with students’ learning losses: childcentredness: programmes for catching up with learning losses should meet the age and personal needs of students; safe educational environment, which should be physically and emotionally safe and child-friendly; integration of academic subjects to ensure the implementation of state standards aimed at developing key competencies; support for teachers in terms of security, psychological assistance, and professional development, taking into account martial law; consideration of regional and local specifics: the location of an educational institution in the frontline zone, in the occupied territory, in a relatively safe region, and the financial situation of the community. The authors conclude that the experience gained by international organisations and foreign countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is valuable for Ukraine. At the same time, the factors that cause the suspension of the educational process and the work of schools in wartime are of a completely different nature. Given the complexity of learning losses in wartime, it is important to think about a holistic national strategy that would offer multiple and flexible mechanisms for their compensating and overcoming.

Addictive behavior of the younger generation: problems, solutions

The article deals with the problem of the lack of a system of preparing subjects for the organization of psychological and pedagogical prevention of the younger generation in a general education institution, which will ensure the formation and development of a professionally competent personality of an employee of the modern field of education. The concept of addictive behavior of adolescents and the prevention of dependent behavior as a complex system and process, a unified concept and integration of efforts of the psychological and pedagogical community of educational institutions in modern socio-cultural conditions is considered. The problem of education and upbringing of the younger generation is very relevant today. This is due to the physical and psychological insecurity of a person due to the political, economic, and cultural realities of modern society. From these positions, it is the sphere of education, from our point of view, that should become a kind of foundation that guarantees respect for the rights of an individual in the field of his physical and psychological health. The authors studied the attitude of participants in the educational process of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Volga Federal District, Russia): teachers, administrative workers in the field of education, students and their legal representatives to the organization of psychological and pedagogical prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution, and the system of work of specialists in the prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution has been tested. The analysis showed that the key problem areas are: the creation of a system of value orientations of adolescents, the inculcation of generally accepted social norms; the creation of conditions for the prevention of coping strategies of adolescents, the formation of skills of responsible behavior, self-control and problem-solving planning skills; as well as the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among adolescents, which indicated the general need to increase the competence of employees in the indicated aspect. Based on the results of research and analysis of the experience of educational institutions, a system of prevention of dependent behavior of adolescents in a general education institution has been developed and described.

Peculiarities of solving socialization tasks by primary school children with signs of giftedness

Introduction. In modern educational practice, serious attention is paid to social and pedagogical work with gifted children, who, despite having high development potential and success compared to their peers, may encounter problems of dyssynchrony in development and difficulties in social adaptation. Primary school age largely determines the opportunities for social development and effective solution of socialization problems. In this regard, the objective of our study is to identify the characteristics of solving socialization problems by gifted junior schoolchildren. Materials and methods. Gifted primary schoolchildren, studying at general educational institutions in the city of Kostroma (Kostroma region, Russian Federation) (n=61), took part in the diagnostic study. The following methods were used: the “Gender and Age Identification” method by N.L. Belopolskaya; “Fun Étiquette” questionnaire; test “Reflecting on life experience” by N.E. Shchurkova; “Ask the Wizard” technique by A.D. Chiplieva; Methodology “Map of Giftedness” by A.I. Savenkova; “Sociometry” by J. Moreno. Results. The results of the study showed that gifted junior schoolchildren have an understanding of the norms and rules of etiquette at a sufficient level (28%), and at a satisfactory level (21%). At the same time, 41% of respondents have low scores on this characteristic. Younger gifted schoolchildren have a high level of self-identification. Most of them have received sufficient moral education. However, 26% showed results indicating some immoral orientation and unstable impulsive behavior. The majority of younger gifted schoolchildren are in a situation of sufficient social well-being. Noteworthy is the fact that 12% of respondents are in the zone of “social rejection” or “isolation”. Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to formulate psychological and pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of solving natural-cultural, socio-cultural, socio-psychological problems of socialization of gifted primary schoolchildren. While working with this category, it is important to take into account the fact that their development cannot be effective within the framework of traditional education; it requires an individual trajectory of learning and development, which includes psychological and educational assistance for the development of subjectivity, the formation and realization of the child’s creative potential, and the creation of conditions for social development.

Суб’єктивна оцінка стану здоров’я педагогічними працівників з різними рівнями професійного вигорання в умовах соціальної ізоляції та воєнного стану

The aim of the study is to analyze data on the state of health of teachers with different levels of occupational burnout who were in different social conditions of life (social isolation and martial law). Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the method of V. V. Boiko «Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout» (1998) and a specially developed questionnaire «Subjective assessment of the state of health, life activities and working conditions of teachers» were used, with the help of which an anonymous survey was conducted general secondary education institutions in the city of Sumy during the period of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in 2021 (85 people) and during martial law in April 2023 (106 people). Results. The proportion of the group of teachers with a low level of occupational burnout increased and was 2.22 times higher than the similar group of teachers during the period of social isolation (30.97±3.35)%, t=8.04, p≤0.001), which may indicate a possible decrease in the influence of professional stressors and an actualization of the feeling of uncertainty, constant anxiety, fear for one’s own life and the lives of loved ones, which is due to the military situation in the country. In conditions of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, average (48.24±3.36)% t=9.54, p≤0.001) and low (41.18±3.31)% t=7.83, p≤0.001) levels of occupational burnout prevailed. Under the conditions of martial law, the manifestations of occupational burnout changed: the proportion of the group of teachers with a low level of occupational burnout increased and was 2.22 times higher than the similar group of teachers during the period of social isolation (30.97±3.35)%, t=8.04, p≤0.001), which may indicate a possible decrease in the influence of professional stressors and an actualization of the feeling of uncertainty, constant anxiety, fear for one’s own life and the lives of loved ones, which is due to the military situation in the country. If during the period of isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a high level of occupational burnout significantly prevailed among teachers under the age of 40 (55.56±5.38)%), then during the period of martial law, a high level of occupational burnout was mainly registered among teachers of the older age group (up to 50 – (42.86±4.81)%). In general, (76.02±3.09)% of the surveyed teachers defined their health status as satisfactory, (16.29±2.67)% as unsatisfactory, and only (7.69±1.93)% of respondents as excellent. Among the interviewees in the group with unsatisfactory self-assessment of health, teachers of the age groups «under 50» and «over 50» predominated (36.11±3.47)% and (30.56±3.33)%, respectively) compared to the groups «up to 30» – (8.33±1.99)% and «up to 40» – (25.00±3.13)%, which can be explained by the natural accumulation over the years of functional abnormalities and chronic pathology. The leading complaints, regardless of social conditions and levels of occupational burnout, were complaints of headaches, palpitations, sleep disturbances, and increased blood pressure. Conclusions. The established results of the study require further improvement of the assessment of the components of mental health among teaching staff in conditions of martial law and the development of hygienic recommendations for the prevention of occupational burnout in various social conditions of the labor process.

УЧАСТИЕ СПЕЦИАЛИСТА ПО ОКАЗАНИЮ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИМ ОБУЧАЮЩИМСЯ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СКРИНИНГА И ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПЛОСКОСТОПИЯ)

One of the important tasks of medicine, education, state and municipal authorities is to protect the health of children and adolescents - students of general education institutions. The deterioration of indicators characterizing the health status of schoolchildren requires improving the organization of medical and preventive care for students, creating a favorable and safe environment for their harmonious growth and development. The results of ongoing preventive medical examinations show that functional deviations and chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system (impaired posture, flat feet) have moved to the first ranking place. The purpose of this study was to improve the work on creating a health-preserving environment with the participation of a specialist in providing medical care to minor students (using the example of screening and prevention of flat feet) in a general education organization. To conduct the study, theoretical (analysis of reporting documentation) and experimental (observation, plantography) methods were used. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Kazan State Medical University (protocol №8 of October 18, 2022) and was conducted on the basis of two schools in Kazan in November-December 2023. The survey involved 383 children (whose parents signed voluntary informed consent) aged 8-12 years, of which: 257 girls and 126 boys. Statistical processing was carried out in the Microsoft Excel application package. Processing of the results included the calculation of average values and the proportion of the characteristic (%). When comparing the reliability of differences in proportions (p) of signs, Fisher's test with φ-transformation was used. The results obtained showed a high prevalence of morphofunctional foot disorders in first-graders. To improve the work of a general education organization in creating a health-preserving environment and preventing diseases (using the example of preventing flat feet), a work scheme for a specialist in providing medical care to minor students is proposed.

АНАЛИЗ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ПРАКТИКИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СРЕДСТВ И МЕТОДОВ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ В УЧЕБНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ

The article presents the results of the analysis of the features and difficulties of the use in the educational process by teachers of educational organizations and university teachers of means and methods of visualization of educational material. Based on a survey of experts, students of general education institutions and universities, an assessment of their attitude to the use of various visual and audiovisual teaching tools in the classroom is given. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors formulated recommendations for improving the practice of using visualization tools and methods in the educational process of general education organizations and universities. They can have a positive effect by increasing the degree of assimilation of knowledge, developing analytical and critical thinking of students, increasing their involvement, motivation and adaptation to study at colleges and universities. All this contributes to improving the quality and effectiveness of education, the development of Russia’s intellectual potential.

Integrative education as the basis for students� worldview knowledge in the process of teaching biology in high school

Relevance. The research relevance is predefined by the continuously developing system of integrative education, which puts forward new requirements for the process of teaching biology in high schools as the basis for the formation of students� worldview knowledge.Purpose. The research aims to conduct a theoretical and practical justification of the methodology of the formation of the worldview knowledge of students in the process of teaching biology in high school.Methodology. The primary research method is a pedagogical experiment, which allows a comprehensive consideration of all the contradictions in the research problem and improves the effectiveness of the process of teaching biology in high school. For this purpose, the auxiliary methods of mathematical statistics and graphical representation of the results of student achievement in the subject �biology� were used.Results. During empirical research, interviews and questionnaires with the participants of the experiment were also conducted, during which the interests of students in the subjects were determined. The worldview component in the content of school education, especially in biology classes, was identified, principles justified, stages of the process of formation of students� worldview knowledge identified and implemented. This led to the inclusionary approach in which forms and methods of integrative education, which promote the development of worldview skills of young people could be quantified and disclosed.Conclusions. Research materials are of practical value for graduate students of higher pedagogical educational institutions, and teachers of secondary general educational institutions which implement integrative education in their teaching activities in high schools. Thus, the purpose of education is not just the regurgitated transfer of knowledge in biology, but the preparation and adaptation of students to the new conditions of society.

РОЗВИТОК ГОТОВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ ДО РОБОТИ ВУМОВАХ ЗМІШАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

The article shows the ways of implementing blended learning in pedagogical higher education institutions (HEIs) in order to prepare teachers to work in modern general secondary education institutions (GSEIs). The definitions of such concepts as "traditional", "distance" and "blended" learning are specified. Since blended learning is a combination of traditional forms of education (full-time and part-time) with electronic (online and offline), the main digital educational resources that can be used in the educational process are presented: electronic textbooks, electronic teaching aids, virtual laboratories, multimedia resources, electronic survey, control and assessment systems. This article discusses the peculiarities of organising the educational process using blended learning technologies. The concept of blended learning is clarified, which is considered as an optimal environment for the development of competence, cooperation and collaboration of future teachers in group projects in traditional and distance learning. Blended learning is recognised as a specific format of education, which includes face-to-face and distance learning, which, in turn, can be synchronous and asynchronous.

Psychological and pedagogical conditions for training a future educational psychologist in inclusive education

Relevance. In general education institutions and classrooms, it is often possible to meet children with disabilities who need a special approach to learning. In order to make it easier for such children to adapt, special methods and technologies are needed that will help children study educational material. This is the job of a teacher, who must have a number of properties and qualities to create a comfortable inclusive education.Purpose. The purpose of the article was to determine the qualities and conditions that future teachers should have in the process of inclusive education.Methodology. In this study, questionnaires were used to determine the level of tolerance, psychological stability, empathy, and communication skills to achieve the goal. The first of these questionnaires helped identify the level of pedagogical and psychological readiness for inclusive education, and the findings showed that students of the 1st and 2nd years of the speciality �Psychology� are not ready for such education, especially through low motivation.Results. The study showed that professional qualities in inclusive education are better demonstrated by senior students (3rd-4th year), rather than junior students (1st-2nd year). The characteristics of such personal components as the level of motivation, the level of social adaptation and the level of psychological stability depend on the level of informativeness of students and their experience in inclusive education. In addition, the study highlighted the level of empathy and tolerance that develop students� ability to communicate correctly and competently with children, understand their condition, and contribute to the learning process. As in previous questionnaires, these qualities are at a high level among undergraduates.Conclusions. This study identified the main components of psychological and pedagogical training of students, which will allow them to work with children with special needs, and help them quickly adapt to a different type of learning.

Scientific justification of the predictive model of selection of schoolchildren in educational institutions for gifted children

Introduction. Academic performance and the results of entrance tests are the key criteria for the competitive selection of students into educational institutions for gifted children, while the psychophysiological abilities of children and adolescents, determining the possibility of learning under conditions of high academic loads, are usually not taken into account.
 The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate a predictive model for the selection of students into educational institutions for gifted children.
 Materials and methods. For students of a lyceum for gifted children with high mental development (Group 1) and a general education institution with an average level of mental development (Group 2), an assessment was made of risk factors for the management and intensity of the educational work, and daily routine; functional state according to integral indicators: the index of tension of regulatory systems with the determination of biological adaptation, mental performance, as well as cognitive and non-cognitive functions using modern hardware and software complexes.
 Results. The students of the lyceum for gifted children in conditions of high intensity of educational work (class 3.1), in comparison with the data of students 
 of a general education institution with optimal intensity of the educational process (class 1), were established to reveal the development of cognitive functions, 
 as evidenced by an increase in the level of mental performance by 1.3 times, it productivity and speed by 1.2 times, thinking by 1.6–2.6 times, as well as a decrease in anxiety by 17.2%, stress by 24.5% compared to the data of students of the 2nd group, an increase in stress resistance by 25.0% and cognitive activity by 22.2%. At the same time, the formation of cognitive and non-cognitive functions in students from the 1st group was ensured by a decrease in the level of biological adaptation, confirmed by the formation of a breakdown in biological adaptation in every fourth student from the 1st group (26.4%) (according to data of 33.9% among students 2nd group). As a result of correlation analysis, reliable dependences of integral indicators of the functional state of students on factors of the management of the educational process and daily routine were determined. Correlation dependencies of cognitive and non-cognitive functions on the level of mental performance and tension in the regulatory systems of students have been established, which, based on logistic regression analysis, made it possible to develop a predictive mathematical model for the selection of students in educational institutions for gifted children, based on determining mental performance, the index of tension in regulatory systems, the level mental development, anxiety, cognitive activity, resistance to stress, and stress.
 Limitation. The study is limited to a sample formed within one educational institution for gifted children.
 Conclusion. Thus, the use of a prognostic model when selecting students for educational institutions for gifted children will not only identify students with a high level of mental development, but also assess their psychophysiological abilities, predict possible difficulties in the process of educational activities, identify strong and weak personality traits associated with academic performance.

Формирование гражданской идентичности молодого поколения: результаты анализа фокус-групп с педагогическим сообществом

The article delves into the study of the concept of civic identity, as well as the analysis of the process of its for-mation in the modern Russian education system using the focus group method. During the focus-group inter-view the opinion of five target groups – participants of the educational and upbringing process – was studied. The issues of the semantic content of “civic identity” are touched upon, various aspects of this concept are con-sidered. The factors that have a significant impact on the process of formation of civic identity among senior schoolchildren and students of educational institutions of higher education are highlighted. The forms and methods of civil identity formation used today in educational organizations of different levels are considered, their effectiveness in modern conditions is analyzed. Apart from this, the difficulties and problematic points that reduce the effectiveness of the system of measures aimed at the formation of civic identity in educational insti-tutions of secondary general and higher education are highlighted.

Deviant behavior in adolescents: the role of non-suicidal self-harm, depression and the desire to find new sensations

BACKGROUND. Although previous studies have shown that deviant predisposition is an important risk factor for non-suicidal self-harming behavior, the reasons for this relationship are unclear.
 AIM. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of deviant behavior, the level of depression and the desire to search for new sensations in adolescents with non-suicidal self-harming behavior.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS. At the first stage, 154 adolescents with a history of self-harming behavior were examined. At the second stage, using the Colombian Scale of Severity of suicidal Intentions, 149 adolescents with only non-suicidal self-harming behavior were selected from the entire sample (31.50% of them boys and 68.50% of girls, the average age was 16.35 years; SD=1.15). The study excluded 5 adolescents who had self-harmed for suicidal purposes. Columbia Scale of severity of suicidal intentions, Razuvaeva Suicide Risk Questionnaire, Bass–Perry Aggression Level Questionnaire, Diagnostic questionnaire to identify the propensity to various forms of deviant behavior for students of general education institutions, A. Beck’s depression questionnaire, Diagnosis of the needs of new sensations by M. Zuckerman, methods of descriptive statistics, r-Spearman correlation analysis.
 RESULTS. Persons prone to aggressive behavior in general are more likely to show inconsistency, demonstrativeness, poorly developed time perspective and uniqueness. Teenagers who have a poor idea of the future (a weak time perspective) are characterized by a high level of general aggressiveness, hostility, physical aggression, as well as a desire to search for sensations. Adolescents with depressive syndrome with feelings of insolvency, helplessness, are prone to deviant behavior in general, and to the search for new sensations.
 CONCLUSION. The correlation analysis revealed statistically significant correlations of aggression, autoaggression, deviant behavior, desire for sensation seeking and depression in adolescents. The results of our study provide the basis for an intervention aimed at preventing and reducing adolescent NSSP and deviant behavior in general.

Partnership for Development: collaboration between Kyiv National Linguistic University and Scandinavian Gymnasium

The training of a future foreign language teacher at the Faculty of Philology of Educational Technologies of Kyiv National Linguistic University is a complex and responsible task, an important stage of which is pedagogical practice. The choice of the base by the educational institution determines the quality of the entire training and affects the achievement of the goalsto be realised during the practice. To be included in the KNLU's general secondary education institutions, certain requirements are set, namely: experienced teaching staff, innovative teaching methods, mentoring system, safe educational environment and infrastructure, etc. The Scandinavian Gymnasium of Kyiv is a practice site that fully meets all these requirements and is a long-term partner of Kyiv National Linguistic University.

Development strategy of a general secondary education institution as a guarantee of a quality educational environment

The article talks about the importance of strategic planning of the general secondary education institution for the successful completion of all stages of the development of the educational institution and its effective institutional audit. The feasibility of using the application of SWOT analysis during the collective discussion of operational goals, considering the challenges and risks that cause both the progress and the decline of general secondary education, is investigated. The authors emphasize the need to introduce innovative technologies, as well as technologies of interactive learning at the level of elementary, basic (primary) and specialized schools. Attention is focused on the advantages of introducing formative assessment into the educational process of PPE, because it is precisely in today's crisis conditions that students need an individual approach at all stages of acquiring the necessary competencies and "soft skills". The peculiarities of the educational environment are characterized, in which partnership interaction between the school, parents and children is built, as a guarantee of providing and receiving quality educational services by all participants of the educational process It was determined that the purpose of this article is to research and characterize the features of strategic planning as a guarantee of a high-quality educational environment of a general secondary education institution. The task is to determine the challenges and risks that cause the progress and decline of general secondary education, as well as factors for improving the quality of education in an educational institution.It was concluded that changes are an inevitable condition for everyone's transformations in the conditions of war and at the same time they are a great challenge for all of us and a vital, fundamental need for the future of Ukraine. Emphasis is placed on the uniqueness of each individual, because this is the key direction of change. The end result should be a quality educational environment that will increase the potential of each teacher, assistant, learner and each of their parents at various stages of partnership interaction to be flexible and responsive to changes and innovations in education.

Educational network of Lvivska oblast: trends and problems of functioning

The decentralization of the education system and the increased role of local authorities in financing and managing the educational network have become the main focus of the country’s education reform. This requires local governments to take into account changes in the main trends in education and its financing and the correspondence of the number of institutions and staffing to the demographic situation and labor market needs in the region. The article aims to identify the main trends and problems of the functioning of the educational network in Lvivska oblast. The systematic methodological approach in combination with statistical research methods was used in the course of the research to realize its purpose. The article reveals the main trends of changes in the network of pre-school and general secondary education institutions in Lvivska oblast. Problems related to the overcrowding of pre-school educational institutions in the region are clarified. The main problem in the field of pre-school education lies in the discrepancy between the existing needs and the financial possibilities of ensuring the acquisition of pre-school education in territorial communities with a low level of financial capacity. The number of general secondary education institutions has significantly decreased due to the optimization of the educational network in the region. At the same time, inclusive education is developing at a dynamic pace through the creation of inclusive groups and classes, inclusive resource centers, and professional communities of specialists in such centers. The war has made its corrections, in particular, the need to strengthen the security of the educational process. An offline form of education is possible only if there is a suitable shelter in which all students and teaching staff can fit in. The vast majority of educational institutions have created their own shelters, while issues of creating sanitary conditions and compliance of shelters with established norms remain problematic.

Професійно-прикладна фізична підготовка у формуванні фахових компетентностей майбутніх учителів навчального предмета «Захист України»

For the third year a full-scale war has been going on in our country. Ukraine is trying in every possible way to resist the imperial ambitions of its northern neighbor. In such conditions the formation of patriotic morals in general secondary education institutions relies on the professional competence of teachers of the «Defense of Ukraine» subject, who must teach the future generation to live in military conditions. During the slave era, in the countries of the Mediterranean region, the problem of the formation of patriotic views in educational institutions of that time was under the control of lawmaking bodies. At one time, the famous ancient politician and philosopher Cicero wrote in his treatise «About the State”: «…the motherland gave birth, or rather, raised us in order to expect some kind of support from us, and not to serve our conveniences and create a safe haven for us in of leisure life and a peaceful place to relax». Therefore, in this publication, based on the data of the relevant scientific and methodological literature, we singled out the methodological principle of harmonious, intellectual and physical development of the future teacher as the main factor in the formation of professional and applied physical training and didactic culture of future employees of general secondary education institutions. The scientific article presents the results of checking the practical block of professional physical training activities for students of the specialty section 014 «Secondary Education (Physical Culture. Defense of Ukraine)» of Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. S. Makarenko, which confirmed the prognostic tasks of our research. The obtained data made it possible to once again prove the effectiveness of the innovative method using the «Bulgarian bag» in physical training of students of higher education institutions.

Газета «Пионерская правда» о преподавании иностранных языков

The article considers the role and place of the subject «foreign language» in the education system in the first Soviet decade. The events of 1917 changed the activities of general educational institutions and the content of educational programs. New ideological and educational priorities, organizational reasons led to practical cessation of foreign languages teaching in general education institutions. Positive changes have been taking place since the second half of the 1920s. Strengthening international cooperation and solving the problems of industrialization contributed to an increase of the need for people who speak foreign languages. Attempts were made to popularize the Esperanto language. Children’s periodicals are valuable sources on the history of education. The newspaper «Pionerskaya Pravda» paid great attention to education, including the teaching of foreign languages. The pages of the «Pionerskaya Pravda» were reflected various aspects of the organization of foreign language education, the existed problems and achieved success. The change of state policy regarding to the teaching of foreign languages has led to an increase in the number of publications related to this topic. The content of the publications was aimed at increasing the motivation of schoolchildren to learn a foreign language.

Historical aspects of the formation and development of children's health resort medicine in the Samara region

Archive documents and sources in scientific electronic databases were analyzed in order to study the historical origins of the health resort business in terms of children's health resort medicine in the Samara government. It has been established that the period of origin and intensive development of balneology for children in the Samara region occurred at the beginning of the 20th century and the first children's sanatoriums began to function thanks to the initiative of the Society of Governmental Physicians for charitable funds of the Samara nobility and merchantry in territories with natural and climatic therapeutic factors, namely Sernovodsky resort, Barboshina glade and Postnikov ravine. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of morbidity structure of children admitted for sanatorium treatment, as well as general education institutions, from which information on the health of school pupils is received, has been conducted over a period of 120 years. Despite the change of years and generations, there is a general concept of sanatorium health improvement of school pupils as a future social and economic pillar of society, with the formation of a healthy generation for both the region and the country in general.

Primary prevention of computer game addiction in students of educational institutions

To conduct the primary prevention of computer game addiction (PPCGA) in students of General education institutions (GEI), aimed at preventing the formation of CGA. The study included 488 students in grades 7-10 of GEI aged 12-17 years (14.6±2.4 years), of which 393 adolescents, who made up the main group, received PPCGA and 95 - control, without PPCGA. Preventive measures were carried out without interrupting the educational process; they were carried out by addiction psychiatrists and medical psychologists. PPCGA was aimed at teaching students a healthy lifestyle, the development of their personal resources, the formation of skills to overcome problem situations, a change in the value attitude to computer games and the formation of alternative interests. In the main group, a decrease in the time interval spent by students at the computer was found (p<0.05). There was a decrease in the number of students (p<0.05), experiencing affective disorders when abstaining from the computer, including mild depression and subclinically expressed anxiety/depression, for whom computer games could lead to problems and negative consequences. An increase in the interval of time spent by students at the computer (p<0.05); an increase in the number of students experiencing affective disorders when abstaining from the computer (p<0.05); a trend towards the increase in the frequency of problems and delayed meetings and personal matters related to spending time at the computer; an increase in clearly uncommunicative (p<0.05) were found in the control group. Primary prevention of computer gaming increase the number of students who prefer a healthy lifestyle (physical education and sports, rational nutrition, sex education, family relationships) and reduce the number of people who prefer computer games as a form of leisure.