Gender Relations Research Articles

일 지역 간호대학생의 감성지능과 공감역량 및 임상실습 만족도 간의 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the emotional intelligence, compassion competence and clinical practice satisfaction among nursing students. Methods The study participants included 235 nursing students located in J province, and the data were collected from November 9 to December 6, 2023, using self-report questionnaires. Data analysis employed Cronbach's α, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and Scheffé test conducted for post-hoc analysis, using SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results The mean score of emotional intelligence and compassion competence was 4.75 and 3.78 respectively, and clinical practice satisfaction was 3.41. Emotional intelligence showed significant differences on gender and peer relationship. Compassion competence showed significant differences on school life and peer relationship. Clinical practice satisfaction showed a significant difference on application motivation and satisfaction with nursing as a major. There were significant positive correlation among emotional intelligence, compassion competence and clinical practice satisfaction. Conclusions The findings suggest that improving emotional intelligence and empathy capacity among nursing students can contribute to healthier resolution of conflicts and emotional challenges during clinical practice and better adaptation to clinical situations through increased satisfaction with clinical practice experiences. Therefore it is necessary to develop programs focusing on enhancing emotional intelligence and empathy capacity among nursing students.

Assessing the quality of life in a rural Thai province: A case study

This study investigates the impact of personal characteristics (PER), personal environment (PEV), individual factors (INF), and urban development (DEV) on the quality of life (QoL) in the northeastern (Isan) region of Thailand, specifically focusing on Roi Et Province. The research employs a quantitative approach using stratified random sampling to select a sample of 400 individuals from a population of just over 1 million residents. Data analysis was conducted using LISREL 9.1 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between the variables. The results reveal significant positive relationships between the studied variables and their influence on public services. Personal characteristics showed a moderate positive effect on QoL, highlighting the importance of gender and community relationships. The personal environment significantly impacted QoL, emphasizing the role of supportive living conditions. Individual factors were crucial for QoL, indicating the significance of societal roles and personal well-being. Urban development directly influenced QoL, suggesting that well-planned infrastructure enhances residents' QoL. These findings align with the Social Determinants of Health framework and New Urbanism theory. This research underscores the multifaceted nature of QoL determinants in rural settings, demonstrating that both individual and environmental factors contribute to residents' well-being. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners, suggesting that enhancing personal and environmental factors, alongside strategic urban development, can significantly improve the quality of life in rural areas.

Trágicas heroínas, meretrizes e criadas ladras: visualidades criminais e narrativas de violência contra mulheres no periodismo policial carioca (1918-1934)

This article aims to analyze the narratives and visualities regarding gender violence in three police magazines, Archivo Vermelho, Vida Policial, and Revista Criminal, published in Rio de Janeiro between 1918 and 1934. Despite specificities, the magazines preserve similar discourses focused on exposing victims in vulnerable situations, holding women responsible for the violence suffered, and the relationship between crimes and the social changes experienced in the period. In addition to the informative content and the propagation of police matters, the periodicals devoted attention to the gender relations in dispute at the time, providing analyses and images about the deaths of women and female indiscipline that, in this study, we intend to explore.

Agricultural Value Chains and Gender in the Post-reform Era

This article systematically reviewed literature on agricultural market reforms, value chains and gender, selected from Global South developing countries to generate evidence on the changes in smallholder agricultural value chains and gender relations, following liberalization reforms. The study specifically aimed to; identify and critically analyse previous attempts to categorize agricultural value chains; and provide new value chain categorizations and associated gender relations. We found that only 5% of the reviewed 60 publications have attempted to categorize agricultural value chains, however with no consideration of gender relations. A new value chain typology has been provided as: “Traditional”, Digitally-led”, “Group-led” and “Firm-led” value chains, respectively basing on 13%, 35%, 32%, and 24% of the publications. With regard to gender relations, the main finding was that unequal gender relations are inherent in all forms of value chains but tend to be experienced differently by value chain actors –men and women – depending on the type of value chain. The commonly identified underlying factors for gender inequality included; patriarchal structures that bestow upon men decision-making power and control over production resources mostly land. Related were social norms that confine women to the domestic realm, proscribe their mobility and participation in higher value chain nodes and farmer groups. Lastly were gender disparities in education, skills and income leading to differences in access, ownership and use of ICTs. From the results, we note that inasmuch as different forms of value chains present some opportunities for actors, the evolution in smallholder value chains continues to engender equality challenges, mostly affecting women. We contributed to filling the knowledge gap on transformations in post-reform value chains and its effect on gender relations.

Gendered differences in trade margins: evidence from grain value chains in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Male resellers in Nigeria make significantly higher trade margins than their female counterparts, especially in the Northern regions of the country. This is likely due to predefined gender roles and relationships that result in inequalities in market information, access to customers and access to suppliers. Our finding is based on an extensive survey of traders, covering the key grains markets of Nigeria.

Princess Mandalika of Lombok: A Gender Equality Hero Defying Power Structures in Folklore

This study aims to reveal a new understanding of Mandalika folklore through Derrida's deconstruction. The goal is to demonstrate that Derrida's approach uncovers objective meanings and offers a theoretical alternative to traditional interpretations. By contextualizing new meanings through deconstruction, the study provides varied insights without relying solely on the author's intended meaning. The research employs Derrida's deconstruction through textual and in-depth analysis, exploring the concept of difference to identify binary contexts in the narrative structure. It includes case studies, comparisons of folkloric versions, interdisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive view, and critical analysis. The process begins with a synopsis representing the entire Mandalika folklore text. Findings indicate that Mandalika folklore’s meanings extend beyond conventional understandings, emerging from dynamic interactions between textual and non-textual elements. These new meanings challenge previous interpretations shaped by authorial authority. The study highlights how Mandalika folklore reflects the patriarchal Sasak society, revealing tragic choices born from social disharmony. It emphasizes the need for the Sasak community to use the Mandalika narrative for reflection and reevaluation of gender relations. The folklore advocates for gender equality, depicting Mandalika as both a hero and a victim of patriarchal norms. This new understanding calls for a reassessment of gender roles and societal expectations.

The Gendered Construction of the Japanese Language-Learning Boom in Postcolonial Korea

ABSTRACT This article analyses the print news media’s gendered representation of Japanese language-learners in postcolonial Korea. It focuses on why young women, notably yŏdaesaeng (female college students) and kisaeng (sex workers in the tourism or entertainment industry), were identified as the main learners of Japanese. I argue that male media elites could not respond to the growing demand for learning the Japanese language in terms of the anti-Japanese nationalistic framework, which equated Korean nationalism to anti-Japanese sentiment. Instead, they attributed postcolonial Korea’s failure to create and sustain a monolingual state to female subjects’ sentimental, sexually promiscuous desire to learn Japanese. Throughout the article, I argue that public commentaries by male intellectuals on Korean women’s Japanese language-learning, which were widely circulated in the media, reinscribed language ideologies of women and bilingualism. This perpetuated patriarchal gender relations, as male nationalists sought to manage tensions arising from Japan’s continued economic and cultural influence, despite the ‘official’ normalisation of relations between Korea and the former colonial power.

Assessment of changes in enamel colour following fixed orthodontic therapy using an advanced spectrophotometer: An in vivo study.

Any manipulation of the surface of natural teeth may result in a variation of their colour. The fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) is one such procedure which alters the enamel surface during the procedure. To clinically evaluate the colour changes in teeth associated with comprehensive FOT (to compare the changes in test and control groups) and to determine the relationship of age and gender on enamel colour due to FOT by using an advanced spectrophotometer. The selection of sixty patients for the study was done randomly and among these thirty patients who underwent the FOT as the case group, the other thirty patients who did not need FOT, were the control group. The recordings of spectrophotometric data were done in a standardized manner for all patients in the labial circular region of every anterior tooth, following debonding and cleaning operations, and before bracket bonding. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage's L*, a*, and b* (lightness, red/green, and blue/yellow) tooth-type characteristics were used to measure color, and the associated color differences (DE) between the groups were computed. One-way ANOVA (a < 0.05) and the paired t-test were used to evaluate any changes in these color characteristics. Fixed orthodontic treatment is associated with changes in colour parameters. L* values decreased (P< 0.001), while a* and b* values increased (P< 0.001) at the end of treatment. All measured tooth types showed significant colour change (DE); their mean differences ranged from 1.64 to 2.96 DE units. Fixed orthodontics can change the natural colour of teeth. The CIE colour parameters L*, a*, and b* of natural teeth showed statistically significant differences after debonding the orthodontic appliances. The L* values decreased making the teeth look darker. The adolescent and male patients had more tooth colour changes than the adult and female groups.

Exploring alternative territories in Freud's oeuvre: two ways of thinking about (sexual) difference

ABSTRACT The author explores the notion of sexual difference, which Freud articulated in his vast work. The paper approaches different levels of theoretical and epistemological order, since the way of thinking about “difference” has crucial effects on clinical work. The point of departure was to analyse the changes that are observed in current subjectivities regarding the female condition and the changing itineraries of sexuality and gender, since the analysts’ explicit and private theories, as well as their beliefs and biases, are put into play in psychoanalytic listening. The paper focuses on the relationship of psychosexuality and gender with the concept of sexual difference and with “difference” as a category in itself. The objective was to explore the meanings of the concept of “difference”, in which sexual difference is certainly included as one of the expressions of “difference”. The author’s proposal is that there is not a single way of thinking about the notion of sexual difference in Freud’s works. This exploration enlightens the coexistence of dualistic and triadic ways of thinking in his oeuvre.

“Life is for the living”: Surveillance and gender freedom in the refugee camp’s non-place in Sulaiman Addonia’s Silence Is My Mother Tongue

ABSTRACT While most contemporary refugee fiction explores the difficulties of relocation to the industrialized Global North, Sulaiman Addonia’s autobiographically inspired Silence Is My Mother Tongue gives a new direction to the African refugee novel with its gendered exploration of life in an Eritrean refugee camp in Sudan. In that non-place governed by silence and similitude, where both time and law are suspended, the teenage girl Saba and her mute queer brother Hagos paradoxically gain voice and agency. This article demonstrates how the siblings’ growing resistance against the camp’s state of exception is aimed less at the absent sovereign’s necropolitics than at the way in which the refugee community itself uses the camp’s panoptic surveillance to enforce traditional gender norms. In Addonia’s unique refugee novel, the camp becomes a most unusual feeding ground for gender identities and relations that circumvent the community’s patriarchal and heteronormative traditions.

Connecting Urban Mobility and Gender Roles: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Good transport infrastructure and services improve the well-being of all groups of the population, including women, men, children, the elderly and people with disabilities. However, they are often incorrectly considered ‘gender-neutral’. Mobility is socially determined by gender roles related to reproduction, production and community. This research investigates the cohesive relationship of urban transportation, including mobility, gender and care, by studying the case of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The differences between women’s and men’s participation in transportation are identified and connected to gender-role activities. The findings show a clear relationship between urban mobility and gender roles. There is clear evidence of women’s trade-off between travelling less than men and carrying more unpaid work in the family, which is more pronounced for married women who live with their families. Differences in women’s traffic experiences compared to men’s reveal the disadvantages that women face in traffic. The findings of this research will assist the HCMC transport sector and project executive agencies in designing gender-inclusive projects. The dissemination of this research will draw attention to the gender dimension of transport and encourage gender mainstreaming across the transport sector to promote and support equality and women’s empowerment.

Gender socialization and adolescent pregnancies in Togo.

The aim of this article is to understand the significance of the gender socialisation of adolescents and its impact on sexuality. This socio-anthropological study is based on qualitative surveys conducted as part of two action-research programmes implemented between 2018 and 2022 in Togo. The empirical data comes from individual semi-directed interviews, group interviews and life stories relating to the themes of sexuality, early pregnancy and gender-based violence. The results show that in these patriarchal societies, the socialisation of adolescents is structured around gender relations. The social construction of masculinity is based on a position of decision-making power for young boys, while that of femininity inculcates submissive behaviour in young girls. In these contexts, many young girls, even if they do attend school, find it difficult to express their opinions on matters of love and sex.

SENSE OF RELEVANCE FROM BREAKING OF ROOTS TO JOINING IN THE STORY AKA SAM

The stories of the 1980s, based on the ground of narrative and sensitivity, expressed feelings of disappointment towards old ideas, traditional gender relations, respect and faith. Based on the same thoughts and feelings, the story Aka Sam, written in 1982, has also been successful in expressing the disappointment of marital life, loneliness and the conflict between two generations. The story of being disappointed by the disillusionment of modernity and connecting with ones roots has been expressed through a hero named Sawan Pratap Singh, which is relevant even today.

Class and Gender in Older People Care in Rural Yogyakarta

This article explores care arrangements for older people in rural Yogyakarta, comparing and contrasting the experiences of older people in three agrarian classes: significant landowners, petty commodity producers and ‘classes of labour’. The study was conducted in two villages in Kulon Progo and Sleman Regencies. Qualitative interviews, observations, life histories and information on the changing social and economic contexts are used to analyse older people’s roles in social reproduction, the dynamics of intergenerational dependency, and the practicesof older-people care. We found great variation in the age at which engagement in productive and reproductive work declines and people enter the state of dependency. Older people may be receivers, or providers of care for younger dependents. As older people live longer, complex tri- and even quadri-generational care arrangements become more common. Class, gender and intergenerational relations shape care relations and practices. State and community programmes for older people, when functioning properly, can be of great importance to poorer households,even though the access is uneven and they do not always match older people’s care needs. Commodified (purchased) care provision is found in some relatively prosperous households, but rarely in the ‘classes of labour’, the landless and near-landless peasants, and worker households that make up the majority of the population.

Material ethnicity: Maya textiles and Guna molas as sources of cultural distinctiveness and intellectual property

ABSTRACT In this article, we coin the concept of ‘material ethnicity’ when thinking about the centrality of certain elements of material culture in present redefinitions of ethnic boundaries, especially when these elements are misappropriated by outside actors and become subjects of legal regulation. By analyzing the cases of the Guna (also referred to as ‘Gunadule’) molas in Panama and Maya textiles in Guatemala, we aim to understand the role of Indigenous textiles in the fluid construction of ethnic identities. We explore the reasons why molas and Guatemalan textiles have become ethnic identifiers, drawing attention to their importance in the construction of corporeality, framing of gender relations, creation of knowledge, perception of appropriation, and temporality – five symbolic practices linked to the ownership of territory. Finally, we present several of the debates about the intellectual property of these textiles and conclude with some considerations on the significance of materiality for political constitution.

Sikap terhadap status lajang sebagai prediktor ketakutan hidup melajang pada mahasiswa dan peran moderasi usia, jenis kelamin dan status pacaran

Being single hood has become a choice for young people now. Not a few young people have a positive attitude towards singlehood l and extend their singlehood. Being singlehood occurs because it is involuntary or is an voluntary. However, living permanently singlehood is still considered negative because it is less in harmony with developmental tasks and traditional societal norms. Do people who agree toward singlehood mean they are not afraid of being singlehood? The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between attitudes towards singlehood and fear of being singlehood among college students by controlling the variables of gender, age and romantic relationship status. This research uses a quantitative approach, namely correlational research using control variables. The subjects in this research were 401 college students aged 18-25 years. The online sampling method is to use a covenience sampling. Data were analyzed using partial correlation from Jamovi. Research findings show that there is a significant negative relationship between attitudes toward singlehood and fear of being singlehood in college students (r=-0.289, p&lt;…..) by controlling of gender, age and romantic relationship status. This means that students who agree toward singlehood will be correlated with reduced fear of being singlhoode. These results also show that the fear of being singlehood among college students who are having romantic relationship is smaller than that of students who are not romantic relationship. Gender and age do not influence attitudes towards singlehood and fear of being singlehood.

A multidimensional gender analysis of health technology self-efficacy among people with Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundDigital health technologies (DHT) enable self-tracking of bio-behavioral states and pharmacotherapy outcomes in various diseases. However, the role of gender, encompassing social roles, expectations, and relations, is often overlooked in their adoption and use. This study addresses this issue for persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD), where DHT hold promise for remote evaluations.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey study in the Netherlands, assessing the impact of gender identity, roles, and relations on health technology self-efficacy (HTSE) and attitude (HTA). An intersectional gender analysis was applied to explore how gender intersects with education, employment, disease duration, and severity in influencing HTSE and HTA.ResultsAmong 313 participants (40% women), no significant correlation was found between gender identity or relations and HTSE or HTA. However, individuals with an androgynous (non-binary) gender role orientation demonstrated better HTSE and HTA. The exploratory intersectional analysis suggested that sociodemographic and clinical factors might affect the influence of gender role orientations on HTSE and HTA, indicating complex and nuanced interactions.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of investigating gender as a multidimensional variable in PD research on health technology adoption and use. Considering gender as a behavioral construct, such as through gender roles and norms, shows more significant associations with HTSE and HTA, although effect sized were generally small. The impact of gender dimensions on these outcomes can be compounded by intersecting social and disease-specific factors. Future studies should consider multiple gender dimensions and intersecting factors to fully understand their combined effects on technology uptake and use among people with PD.

“A strong diewei” – A critical investigation of gendered neological metaphors on Weibo

Contributing to the growing literature on discursive strategies against male-dominated gender discourse in the Chinese digital space (e.g., Chen and Gong, 2023), this study investigates a popular neological metaphor – diewei (“爹味” − literally, a smell of father, figuratively, a sense of fatherhood) coined by Chinese microblogging users on Weibo. Similar to mansplaining in English, diewei was originally adopted to describe men’s patronizing, condescending, and overconfident speech style (Bridges, 2017). Drawing on the cultural reference to Chinese fatherhood, diewei represents irony against the authoritative role of the father privileged by patrilineal Chinese family ethics, employed to evaluate others’ overbearing speech styles, attitudes, and behaviors. From a dataset of 198 Weibo posts, we identified three strategic adoptions of diewei based on linguistic and communicative functions. These include (1) markers of masculine essence, (2) metapragmatic commentaries, and (3) personal labels. We then adopt critical discourse analysis (CDA) to explore how gender relationships are discursively produced, represented, and resisted in the diewei discourse through the above adoptions. Our findings suggest that diewei instantiates the pragmatic expansion of gendered metaphors at the expense of dominant masculinity, constituting feminist irony against the authoritative fatherhood in China’s digital space.

Contextualising mental health: interdisciplinary contributions to a new model for tackling social differences and inequalities in mental healthcare

ABSTRACT Many classical approaches in the area of phenomenological pscyhopathology focus on structures of lived experience of mental illness and overlook the role social context plays in the formation of lived experiences. The paper addresses this issue and contributes to recent research which has pointed out that there is a need for an approach to mental health which investigates the role of context in shaping lived experiences. We propose a conception of contextuality (or situatedness) which we develop in terms of two main characteristics: intersectionality and social relationality of the human condition. We take context to be shaped by social interdependence and by the intersection of multiple factors including gender, race, ethnicity, class, socio-economic status and power relations. We develop this analysis in relation to substance misuse, refer to, and compare, certain case studies and perspectives from Brazil to illustrate our approach which can, however, be applied to other areas of mental health. We suggest that the proposed contextual approach is crucial for an in-depth understanding of psychopathology from a phenomenological perspective and in relation to contemporary ethico-political issues concerning social differences and inequalities in mental health.

Intersectional cognitive schemas of diversity and inclusion in higher education

ABSTRACT Despite efforts towards diversity, equity, and inclusion in higher education, systemic oppression persists. This study reflects on how initiatives intended to foster inclusion interact with existing exclusionary mechanisms, impeding progress in equity projects. Specifically, we investigate the visual representation of diversity as an inclusion initiative and explore how the new diversity discourse is assimilated into established organizational cultures through intersectional cognitive schemas that help reproduce class, gender, race and ableist relations. Using a gendered lens to analyse university brochure photographs from five universities in Belgium, we identify the distribution of embodied dominant expressions of masculinity and femininity among white and non-white individuals across different professions. Our findings reveal a hierarchy of inclusion based on intersectional cognitive schemas that place non-white individuals under white women and those under white men. These schemas include meritocratic beliefs regarding the required capacities for each profession, with non-white women emerging as the most disadvantaged. The findings suggest that diversity and inclusion initiatives require critical re-evaluation, taking into account the intersectional and systemic nature of oppression.