Concept Of Gender Research Articles

Gender roles in Spanish cinema: a critical and creative process around the word ‘woman’

The aim of the study is to analyze the evolution of gender roles and to generate, from a feminist and intergenerational perspective, a cognitive change in the participants, using film and discussion groups as mediating techniques, since they are considered appropriate to analyze the evolution of gender roles and to raise awareness, from a feminist and intergenerational perspective, about the importance of gender roles in people’s lives. To this end, an intergenerational project, called “ Women in the focus”, was created within the framework of the Master’s program at the Complutense University of Madrid, which allows 75 women, belonging to three different generations, to reflect on the concept of gender and the expectations linked to the term, through three films produced in different decades: The Red Cross girls by Rafael J. Salvia (1958); Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown by Pedro Almodóvar (1988); and My life whith out you by Isabel Coixet (2003). Once the films had been viewed, 21 focus groups were organized, made up of between 3 and 5 women of different ages and, in order to analyze the experience, the 21 coordinators of the discussion groups were interviewed. The data obtained from the interviews and the focus groups were analyzed following a qualitative approach, through the technique of content analysis. The results show that feminist thought has had an impact on the lives of Spanish women, but in different ways depending on their age, thus, there is a discrepancy regarding the roles that women have to fulfill, a difference based on the difficulties they have had to face. With respect to the choice of film and the focus group as research techniques, it is possible to affirm that they have worked, since they have allowed women of three different generations to dialogue and review their approaches to the social construction of gender from a diachronic perspective, generating an empathetic discourse of acceptance and sisterhood, which implies, in spite of the discrepancies, the recognition of the difficulties of each generation of women.

“Boys Love Boy Toys”: a qualitative study exploring the role of fathers in young boys’ gendered toy preferences

Children come to understand the concept of gender and learn to differentiate roles and norms on the basis of gender in early childhood. By interacting with individuals in their social contexts (i.e., family and peers), children are taught about gender norms and expectations, and as a result, learn to negotiate their own identities within different contexts. Parents have an especially important role in how children come to understand their own gender identity, as they have the ability to shape their childrens’ behaviors by endorsing certain gender stereotypes (e.g., girls wear pink, and boys play with trucks). For young boys, their fathers are a key socialization agent in their gender development, as they convey both implicitly and explicitly, gender-appropriate ways of being. Fathers may endorse ideas of traditional masculinity, which constrain boys to conform to the expected male norms, and discourages them from engaging in perceived feminine behaviors, such as cross-gender play. Accordingly, young boys are often expected to prove their manhood by marking their masculinity against femininity, in a power struggle where they are trying to get their gender right. Based on established and current literature in the field of gender identity development and masculinity in early childhood, this qualitative study aimed to explore young boys’ existing working schema of masculinity and the role that their fathers play in shaping it. Participants included six father–son pairs, with boys (ages 4–6) and their fathers (ages 34–37). Fathers were first asked to complete an adapted version of the Child-Rearing Sex-Role Attitude Scale, which assessed their attitudes and beliefs about gender-related toys, activities, and behaviors. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with the father–son pairs, where they participated in a series of toy-preference activities in a virtual game. Descriptive coding and content analysis were used to analyze the responses boys provided for their toy preferences. Boys reported having a more stereotyped definition of “girl toys” than of “boy toys”, as reflected in their choices of toys that they felt that only girls would like to play with. Fathers’ self-described beliefs reported on the Child-Rearing Sex-Role Attitude Scale were similarly reflected in their behaviours and comments during the interviews with their sons, such that fathers who shared stereotypical beliefs about gender-related behaviours and activities on the scale, engaged in behaviours which corresponded to their beliefs when interacting with their sons. Implications for families and educators are discussed.

Beyond femininity or masculinity: gender typologies and healthy eating in early adulthood

PurposeIn the field of health sciences gender is often confused with biological sex (male/female) or reduced to a dichotomous classification (masculinity/femininity). The concepts of sex and gender interact with each other, but they are not equivalent. According to Sandra Bem four gender typologies can be established (androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated).A relationship has been shown to exist between gender and health. Yet, there is little evidence as to the relationship between gender typologies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this research is to evaluate the association between Bem’s gender typologies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.MethodsMediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Bem’s gender typologies were the main variables. Sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI) and obesity were analyzed as covariates.ResultsMultilevel multivariate analysis showed that androgynous typology was associated with increased adherence to Mediterranean diet (β = 0.46 (SE 0.21), p = 0.033), adjusting by covariates, in a university population in Spain. Moreover, this was not the case with masculinity or femininity typologies.ConclusionThus, the results of this study suggest (1) that androgynous typology is not only associated with better mental health but also with healthy/healthier lifestyles, and (2) the complexity of the relationship between sex-gender and health would advise researchers avoid dichotomies such as male/female or masculinity/femininity.

Retouched and Remarkable: Female Athletes in La Culture Physique (1904) as Historical and Visual Documentation

In 1904, Edmond Desbonnet launched La Culture Physique, a magazine that presented itself as scientific and entertaining in its promotion of strength athletes. La Culture Physique prioritized photomechanical imagery to demonstrate the visual merits of the conditioned human body. A surprising number of women feature in nearly each month’s issue. The magazine represented these athletes using a number of editing techniques that made their bodies seem remarkably muscular and yet conventionally feminine. But the specific formal qualities of the publication—such as paper quality, printing technology, and size—helped mask the work that went into making its subjects appear real. La Culture Physique is one of very few extant sources wherein the muscularity of specific women is promoted alongside men’s during a period when gender disparity was deeply engrained in French society. La Culture Physique worked within and at times pushed against dominant French cultural values articulated around concepts of gender and belonging, using a set of tools that packaged its contents and form as works of art: as legible, desirable, and collectable. This paper demonstrates that these same tools also helped the publication maintain its veneer of authority. La Culture Physique has yet to be examined from an art historical perspective. This paper seeks to remedy this by arguing that La Culture Physique’s 1904 issues are a crucial source of historical and visual documentation for scholars interested in how women participated and were represented in early French physical culture.

The meaning of the local value of Sandeq Boat in the Banggae Community of Majene Regency

This study aims to find out, how passandeq and the community interpret the local values of sandeq boats today. To achieve this goal, this study uses data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained by researchers from the results of the study were processed by methods used through purposive sampling where the key informant was a passandeq fisherman, then other informants comes from the Banggae community and culturalists. The results showed that the representation of passandeq fishermen and the community towards the local values of sandeq boat culture is still so poorly understood from the meaning of what is described by ancestors in Mandar on sandeq boat culture. The need for the important role of all elements of society to make efforts so that the famous culture in Indonesia from the Mandar tribe is preserved and its meanings Every value in it is able to be conveyed and understood to existing generations. The socio-cultural values of Sandeq boat culture consist of two: first is sibaliparriq which is a gender concept that is more specific in In the family consists of husband and wife. Second, mutual aid at this value is clearly depicted in the sandeq boat where the courtiers and mustard work together in sailing their respective sandeq boatsHave duties and roles when going to sea using Sandeq boats.

GENDER EQUALITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to consider methodological approaches to building a gender sensitive community that would be a comfortable place for residents to live, in particular, to characterize the types of gender analysis and analyze its various methods that have proven themselves to be efficient abroad and are tested in Ukraine; develop an algorithm for assessing the gender impact of a local self-government progra or policy. Design/methodology/approach. Various general scientific and special research methods are used to solve the tasks set in the work. The abstract and logical method is used for theoretical generalizations, the definition of main categories and concepts, and the formation of research conclusions. The methods of analysis and synthesis are used to characterize the concept of gender and features of gender inequality in local self-government bodies. The structural and functional method made it possible to distinguish the kinds of gender analysis in local self-government. The comparative analysis helped study different methods of gender analysis, which have proven themselves to be efficient abroad and are tested in Ukraine. Conclusions. The kinds of gender analysis are characterized and various methods of its implementation, which have proven themselves to be efficient abroad and are tested in Ukraine, are analyzed. In particular, it is found that the most common method is the assessment of a gender impact; the indicators and main groups of indices used in the specified method are considered. The developed algorithm for assessing the gender impact of a local self-government program or policy makes it possible to systematize and comprehensively assess and reduce the presence of gender gaps with the help of such tools as gender budgeting, and a gender profile (passport) of the community. The concept of the implementation of a gender approach to local self-government is generalized. Originality/value. Gender assessment begins with defining problems and goals, and identifying gender gaps. The identified needs and problems are assessed in the next step, whether they can be solved with the help of developed programs and practices. The proposed indicators and indices will allow determining how the developed programs affected the reduction of gender gaps. It is researched that in practice such an assessment is reduced to the analysis of gender balance/imbalance in the personnel composition of communities, the assessment of the gender sensitivity of documents (whether there are feminine gender-specific job titles, whether the documents take into account the interests of men and women, boys and girls, including vulnerable categories, etc.), the formation of a gender-sensitive space in the community. Practical results. The materials presented in the article will be useful to local self-government bodies, public organizations, activists, and everyone interested in the issue of gender equality.

The Evolution Path of Clothing Style and the Development of the Concept of Unisex Clothing

Nowadays, the development of clothing tends to be diversified, and the concept of gender is constantly blurred in fashion design. Exploring the development trend of contemporary clothing in order to better meet the consumption demand of modern clothing, is the focus designers need to pay attention to. This paper uses the literature research method and case analysis method to discuss gender ambiguity in fashion and analyzes the reasons for the formation of gender ambiguity in clothing, its evolution stage, and the characteristics of clothing. It is found that the development of the economy and society and the change of productive roles of men and women during the war led to the formation of gender ambiguity. The development and evolution of the gender characteristics of clothing roughly went through three stages, which were reflected in the period of strengthening the gender characteristics, the period of weakening the gender characteristics, and the non-sexist style. The characteristics of the sexist type are mainly reflected in color, silhouette, and fabric. This study has guiding significance for todays fashion design.

Doing and undoing transgender health care: The ordering of 'gender dysphoria' in clinical practice.

A formal Gender Dysphoria classification- as outlined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- is a prerequisite for the reimbursement of both gender-affirming medical care and transgender mental health care in the Netherlands. Gender Dysphoria and its conceptual precursors have always been moving targets: moving due to research, policy, care practices and activism both within and outside of medicine. This raises the question of what Gender Dysphoria is exactly. To elucidate this question, we turn to the people who use the concept in clinical practice to come to a diagnosis and treatment indication: mental health professionals working in gender-affirming medical care and transgender mental health care. Using a material semiotics approach, we reflect upon how Gender Dysphoria is done in clinical practice. Based on an analysis of seventeen practice-based interviews with clinicians as well as an examination of clinical guidelines and texts, we describe four modes in which Gender Dysphoria is ordered. These modes of ordering illustrate that Gender Dysphoria is not one, but multiple. We illustrate how in the mode of isolating, Gender Dysphoria is something which is carefully isolated from mental disorders, while in the modes doing the future and narrating, Gender Dysphoria is done as a continuous and predictable object of care. Such orderings of Gender Dysphoria potentially conflict with a fourth mode of ordering: the doing of diversity in transgender health care. The study's findings provide empirical insights into how transgender health care is currently done in The Netherlands and provide a foundation on which ethical debates on what good transgender health care should entail.

Employment officers’ perceptions of job prospects for physically impaired people in China and Sweden

In this study, Chinese and Swedish employment officers’ assessments of physically impaired people and their ability to find jobs are compared. The study is qualitative, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The respondents were ten employment officers working full time. The results show that several employment officers in both contexts are skeptical that disabled people will be able to find work, and highlight similar obstacles to entering the labor market related to individual and societal conditions. The results show that, unlike Swedish employment officers, who highlight both types of obstacles, Chinese employment officers consider barriers related to the individual to be most important. The results also show that, compared to their Swedish colleagues, Chinese employment officers view gender and sex as more critical obstacles. The article argues that the results reveal different conceptions of disability and gender or sex that can be linked to the two contexts’ welfare models. Points of interest Previous studies have rarely examined whether employment barriers for disabled people can be related to the functioning of the employment services. This article compares assessments made by employment officers in China and Sweden of disabled people and their ability to find jobs. This article reveals that employment officers in both countries to some extent negatively assess the employment prospects of women and disabled people, and it is argued that under some circumstances the employment services can function as a barrier for disabled people to get a job. This article shows that employment officers’ assessments differ depending on their perceptions of the applicants’ disability and sex, as well as if the officer works in Sweden or in China. This article argues that the employment officers’ expectations of disabled peoples’ ability to work are in line with the overarching goals of the welfare in the two countries.

Exploring the Causes of Gender Education Problems of Urban Adolescents Born in 2000 in China

This article explores the causes of gender education problems among post-2000 urban adolescents in China. The post-00s group, whose age and era are very important, is an object worthy of attention. Their curiosity about gender knowledge is at a very strong stage, and they also have development means such as the Internet to understand various gender knowledge. However, the gender cognition of post-2000 adolescents still has issues such as ambiguity, misunderstanding and prejudice to be resolved. From this point of view, there are many problems in the current gender education in China. This article uses in-depth interviews to study the reasons for the current problems of gender education in China: the influence of social gender concepts, the single content of school education, and the irregularity of family education. Considering that adolescents are not capable of making changes to these problems, this article starts with school teaching, family education and other aspects, and gives a series of suggestions, including strengthening the diversification of educational content and using new media such as the Internet for gender education Promote and incorporate gender education into teaching tasks, etc.

Transforming academic research? Resistances to gender mainstreaming implementation in universities

Resistance hinders the potential of gender equality strategies to modify institutional arrangements and challenge the status quo. Applying the integrationist or agenda-setting distinction of approaches to gender mainstreaming and drawing on feminist institutionalism and gender policy implementation theory, this article analyses resistances that undermine a more transformative agenda-setting approach to gender mainstreaming in university research settings. The analysis of qualitative data from a selection of three Catalan universities reveals implicit institutional resistance and individual opposition from research managers that contribute to integrationist approaches to gender mainstreaming and the ineffective implementation of actions that aim to achieve distinct gender equality in research goals. Despite the favourable policy context and rhetorical commitments in university gender equality plans and in research managers’ discourse, norms of meritocracy underlie resistance to actions that imply greater structural and cultural change, including research managers who lack knowledge of gender mainstreaming and participate minimally in implementation. Entrenched norms around research autonomy and the non-prioritization of gender inform more explicit resistance to actions that aim for a more gender-aware science, to incorporate the gender dimension into all research and to promote gender research, where progress is particularly slow.

The Song of Liberty: Celebrating our Vaginas

It is well known that the concept of gender is established and enforced through societal expectations where young girls are conditioned from their childhood that men are superior, and it is in their best interest to serve as their vassals. The aim of the paper is to redefine the body from a solely biological shape to a historical creation and instrument of social control that is now at the center of body politics. In the light of the feminist battle, to take control of their sexuality, the body has thus become a political issue and it is richly described in the poem The Song of Liberty that I have analysed employing ècriture feminine framework. Therefore, the paper culminates that the body politics need to be the part of the process of social transformation and not a postscript to it.

Problémom nie sú muži, ale ľudia

The concepts of gender, gender role, gender identity, gender stereotypes, and the relationships between them are explained in the introduction of the study. The main topic is focused on essays about the relationship between masculinity and femininity, its genesis, and consequences in the contemporary life authored by the professor of ancient history at the University of Cambridge Mary Beard, the French writer Michel Houellebecq, and Jessa Crispin, the editor-in-chief of Bookslut. The essays resolve male-female power relations differently. Mary Beard offers the concept of over-gender, i.e. universality freed from the conditioning of gender identity.Michel Houellebecq dreams about human cloning and creating a new nature based on a single law, which is the moral law. Jessa Crispin prefers the world of equality based on humanity, built on the ruins of patriarchy, and shared by all people without distinction.

Banjarese Women’s Language Features: A Gender Study

This research is an attempt to describe the language features of Banjarese women that distinguish them from the ones of men. In this study, the researchers aim to explain the features in a broader setting that is not limited to one specific interaction space. This research is qualitative research. The main instrument of this research is the researchers themselves. Data is collected through transcripts of recorded conversations taking places in three different settings. This research is carried out in South Kalimantan context where the Banjarese language is used in the daily interactions of the people. The data is analyzed using the theory of Female Language Features from Lakoff & Bucholtz (2004) as the research protocol. Some findings of this study contradict the general concepts of language and gender which differentiate the language features of women and men. In daily interactions, Banjarese women and men show supportive or competitive interactions in their conversations. Banjar women can also use harsh words in their interactions with other women or with the opposite sex. However, research with a wider context is needed in the future before concluding that Banjar women and men are equivalent in linguistic behavior.

Monomania and Same-Sex Desires in Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret (1862)

Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) diagnoses Robert Audley as a monomaniac. With interest in psychiatry rising in nineteenth-century Britain, “monomania” was used to describe those who went against the norm. More specifically, it was used to describe those who had an obsessive interest in one subject. Robert’s monomaniacal nature arises from the homoerotic feelings he feels for his friend, George Talboys. After meeting George years later after their time at Eton College, a school that encouraged male love, Robert undergoes a journey to understand his homoerotic desire after George goes missing. By looking at the works of John Barlow, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, and James Cowles Prichard, I show how Braddon’s knowledge and usage of psychiatry can be seen and examined in her novel about marriage and desire In addition, I argue that Braddon demonstrates how Victorian ideas of masculinity and biblical manhood are intertwined within definitions of monomania and that these gendered concepts affect Robert as much as his psychological diagnosis.

Imagination as a Decolonial Tool: An Analysis of the Coloniality of Translation, Imagination, and the Theology of Rubem Alves

[Figure: see text] This article analyzes Xiang's coloniality of translation in connection with Alves’ theology and other decolonial scholars in order to recognize the limitations of Eurocentric language and to highlight the urgent need to contextualize and de-absolutize gender concepts. It provides a brief overview of decolonial thinking and then delves into the coloniality of translation, emphasizing the potential dangers of appropriating Indigenous philosophies within European frameworks. Xiang's analysis reveals that translating Nahua gender concepts into English limits their rich complexities and cultural significance, perpetuating Eurocentric understandings. Xiang's work exemplifies how European world views infiltrate decolonial discourses, replicating dominant Eurocentric norms. Alves’ theology comes into play, emphasizing the need to liberate human imagination from limiting colonial logics. By advocating for a renewed imagination beyond colonial constraints, Alves opens up diverse and dynamic possibilities for theological thinking. Finally, I argue for the use of Alves’ concept of imagination as a decolonial tool, challenging the colonial configurations embedded within words and the social imaginary they create. I argue that embracing a continuous process of re-imagining fosters a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and potentialities present in diverse cultures. Simultaneously this article underscores the necessity of decolonial thinking as a never-ending project, urging scholars to engage with alternative knowledges and constantly challenge and subvert colonial logics within theological discourses.

Promoting Gender-Affirming Care: Challenging Conflation and Embracing Complexity

Anti-LGBTQ legislation and policies that restrict access to gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth have been on the rise. These policies, particularly policies that restrict gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse youth, are often based on a narrow interpretation of data and oversimplification of the concepts of sex and gender. Quantitative and qualitative public health data show that queer and gender-diverse youth face significant mental health risks, so they need care and treatment options that address their distinct needs. Recognizing the complexities of sex and gender, inclusive policies should support gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth. Restrictive legislation and policies based on oversimplified understandings of sex and gender perpetuate discrimination and harm. Policy recommendations include ensuring access to gender-affirming care, providing comprehensive LGBTQ-inclusive education and training for healthcare providers, and ensuring protection against discrimination.

Redefining domestic violence in France as a violation of human rights: coercive control

The historical evolution of social and legal conceptions of gender based domestic violence in France are the dynamic traces of how social practice, as well as social representations, formed and transformed. However, numerous studies show that the current incident-based conceptions of domestic violence are far from the victims’ experiences, and only partially effective in detecting, criminalising and preventing domestic violence. Understanding the global process by which perpetrators subordinate the victims, mostly women and children, by progressively depriving them of their human rights and liberties, led to a contemporary conceptualisation of domestic violence as coercive control (Stark, 2007). Recognising the roots of domestic violence in gender inequality, far from reducing it to some individual, psychological issues, this human-rights based conception of domestic violence is much closer to the victims’ experiences, has led to legal innovation in the ways in which several countries understand, criminalise and prevent domestic violence, and could be at the core of emerging social representations of domestic violence.

Reshaping gendered norms in entrepreneurship: Incorporating gender identity and entrepreneurial practice

AbstractThis paper presents a practice theoretical conception of gender in entrepreneurship, emphasizing the potential of reflexivity and collective agency to reshape gendered norms. While the literature recognizes the fluidity of gender and its intersectional nature, it often overlooks how social phenomena are produced and relate to each other. The main aim of this is to show, not just how, gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice inhibit practice (which has been extensively covered) but how identity and the individualized practice of entrepreneurship, can shift gendered norms of entrepreneurial practice. Drawing upon the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Margaret Archer, this paper proposes a more integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, embedded within a social realist approach. The author highlights the need for structural renegotiation in entrepreneurship through reflexivity. Given how norms self‐naturalize, individual practice of diverse gendered practices in entrepreneurship is not enough to create long‐term sustainable change and support for diverse gendered practices. Instead, this paper proposes an integrative approach to identity and gendered norms, emphasizing the potential of individuals to shift structural norms, through collective action. This study suggests that a more balanced understanding of the interplay between context and identity can assist in the design of support for non‐traditional gendered practices and provide new insights into how gendered norms impact entrepreneurial activity.

Atos Antidemocráticos no segundo turno das eleições presidenciais no Brasil: uma análise da figura feminina como fonte de notícias

This article deals with the propaganda image in the media of women who participated in the undemocratic acts that took place on 11/03/2022, with the aim of questioning the electoral result that elected Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) as president of Brazil, to understand what treatment they received in media coverage, in terms of space and focus in newspapers. Through theoretical and methodological contribution of Framing Theory, guided by the concepts of gender, race and news as a social construction, it was found that women are rarely heard as sources of this news and appear more in the background in videos, reinforcing the idea of subalternization. The aim is to contribute to expanding debates on the representations of gender and race in the media based on analyzes of the coverage of the main national news portals.