Gas Station Attendants Research Articles

Relationship Between Working Periode and Using PPE with Hb Levels of Gas station Officers with Benzene Exposure in Cimahi City

Gas stations have risks of benzene exposure. Benzene can cause anemia or decreased hemoglobin levels, due to the length of exposure, period of work, and use of Personal Protective Equipment. The purpose of this study to determine relationship between length of service and use of PPE on hemoglobin levels at gas station workers in Cimahi City. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design on 100 participants from 10 gas stations. The working period was collected using a questionnaire, the use of PPE is measured by observation, and the measurement of hemoglobin levels is measured using an Hb meter instrument. The univariate statistical test uses frequency distribution and the bivariate uses the Spearman Rank Correlation. The results showed that 22% use PPE in the less category, 42% have worked for more than 5 years, and 35% of gas station workers in Cimahi City had low hemoglobin levels. The results of statistical analysis of the relationship between length of service and hemoglobin levels of gas station attendants in Cimahi City showed a value of p=0.001, and the relationship between the use of PPE and hemoglobin levels of gas station workers showed a value of p=0.390. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between length of service and Hb levels of gas station attendants, and there was no relationship between the use of PPE.

The Influence of Blood Titanium Levels on DNA Damage in Brazilian Workers Occupationally Exposed to Different Chemical Agents.

Occupational exposure to pollutants may cause health-damaging effects in humans. Genotoxicity assays can be used to detect the toxic effects of pollutants. In the present study, we evaluated genetic damage in three populations occupationally exposed to benzene, pyrenes, and agrochemicals and assessed the possible influence of titanium (Ti) co-exposure. A total of 275 subjects were enrolled in this study. The occupationally exposed population was composed of 201 male individuals, divided into three different groups: gas station attendants (GSA group) (n = 76), taxi drivers (TD group) (n = 97), farmers (farmers group) (n = 28), and control (n = 74). Biomarkers of exposure and effect were investigated such as AChe, BuChE, t,t-muconic acid (t,t-MA), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP). Ti levels in blood were higher in all the workers compared with the control group. DNA damage evaluated by comet assay was higher in the taxi drivers and farmers than in the controls, and the frequency of micronucleate buccal cells was higher in the gas station attendants and taxi drivers than in the controls. Correlations were found among occupational exposure time and biomarkers of exposure, genotoxicity biomarkers, and blood Ti levels. Our results demonstrated Ti co-exposure in the gas station attendants, taxi drivers, and farmers, and blood Ti levels were linked with the respective biomarkers of exposure. Additionally, tools through machine learning corroborated these findings, and Ti was the factor that contributed to DNA damage. Thus, the present study indicates the role of Ti in occupational settings and interactions with already known major xenobiotics present in the occupational environment contributing to genotoxicity.

Exploring the impact of occupational exposure: A study on cardiovascular autonomic functions of male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka.

Fuel dispensing at fuel stations is performed manually by unprotected male gas station attendants in Sri Lanka, who have long working hours. These workers are exposed to hydrocarbon fuels associated with multiple health effects by modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This study was performed to determine cardiovascular autonomic functions among fuel pump attendants in Sri Lanka. Fuel pump attendants (n = 50) aged between 19 and 65 years were identified for the study from seven fuel stations. They were compared with age- and gender-matched controls (n = 46) without occupational exposure to fuel. A physical examination was performed before the autonomic function and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment. There were no significant differences in weight, height, or BMI between the study and the control populations (p > 0.05). Both the systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Mann Whitney U (MWU) = 743.5, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MWU = 686.5, p = 0.001) were significantly higher among the gas station attendants compared to controls. Valsalva ratio was significantly higher among the study group (MW U = 874.00, p = 0.043) compared to controls. The HRV analysis showed significantly higher SDNN and SD2 (MWU = 842.00, p = 0.034, and MWU = 843.50, p = 0.035 respectively) among the gas station attendants compared to controls. The changes to the cardiovascular autonomic parameters among those exposed to fuel vapor as a gas station attendant indicate an increase in sympathetic outflow to the vessels. In the occupational setting as fuel pump attendants need periodic monitoring.

Asthma Among Manitoba Workers: Results from the Manitoba Occupational Disease Surveillance System

BackgroundThis study characterized the risk of new-onset asthma among workers in Manitoba, Canada. MethodsAccepted time loss claims from the Workers' Compensation Board of Manitoba from 2006 to 2019, containing workers' occupations and industries, were linked with administrative health data from 1996 to 2020. After restricting the cohort to the first claim per person in an occupation and applying age and coverage exclusions, the cohort comprised 142,588 person–occupation combinations. Asthma cases were identified if workers had at least two medical records for asthma (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, 493) within a 12-month period, within the 2 years before 3 years after cohort entry. New-onset asthma was identified using a 3-year washout period. Asthma hazard ratios by occupation and industry were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, and stratified by sex. ResultsIncreased asthma risk was observed among workers with known asthmagen exposure, including male veterinary and animal health technologists and technicians (hazard ratio 3.97, 95% CI 1.78–8.86), male fish processing workers (3.40, 1.53–7.57), and male machining tool operators (2.91, 1.72–4.92). Increases were also observed for occupations with unknown or suspected allergens, including gas station attendants, drivers, mail/postal and related workers, public works and maintenance laborers, mine laborers and crane operators, and some indoor worker groups. Decreased risks were observed among nurses and residential and commercial installer and servicers. ConclusionThis database linkage study successfully identified occupations and industries with known sensitizing agents or irritants, and several occupation and industries not typically associated with work-related asthma, warranting further investigation.

Literature study: Comparative analysis of lead content in blood between spot workers, Caroseries industry workers, and metal smelting industry workers

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the comparison of lead content in blood between gas station attendants, bodywork industry workers, and metal smelting industry workers. Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can have dangerous effects on human health. Lead exposure can occur through various sources, including the work environment. Method: The research used is a literature study by collecting articles published between 2013-2023. After selection, there were 18 articles that were relevant to the research topic. Results and Discussion: The average lead content in the blood of gas station attendants ranges from 2.75 μg/dL to 35,317 μg/dL, bodywork industry workers range from 14.4 μg/dL to 35 μg/dL, and metal smelting industry workers range from 14.4 μg/dL. dL up to 50.83 μg/dL. Differences in levels of lead exposure between these three professions can be caused by differences in type of work, activities and work environment. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that gas station officers, bodywork industry workers, and metal smelting industry workers have different levels of exposure to lead. Therefore, appropriate health protection, such as the use of PPE and safe work practices, needs to be implemented to reduce the risk of lead exposure.

Genotoxic Effects on Gas Station Attendants in South-southeastern México due to Prolonged and Chronic Exposure to Gasoline

BackgroundGasoline, a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Gasoline station attendants, consistently exposed to its hazardous components, may face genotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the influence of varying work shift durations on DNA damage in gasoline station attendants. MethodsNinety individuals from three locations in southern México were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Demographic, occupational, and lifestyle data were collected. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. ResultsSignificant differences in DNA damage parameters were observed between exposed and unexposed groups. The impact of tobacco, alcohol, and exercise on DNA damage was negligible. Extended work shifts (12 and 24 hours) showed heightened DNA damage compared to 8-hour shifts and the unexposed group. A novel finding revealed a modest but significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority. ConclusionThe study highlights the intricate relationship between occupational exposure to gasoline components, DNA damage, and work shift lengths. Extended shifts correlate with heightened genotoxic effects, emphasizing the importance of personalized safety measures. The significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority introduces occupational longevity as a determinant in the genetic health of gasoline station attendants. This discovery has implications for implementing targeted interventions and preventive strategies to safeguard workers' genetic integrity throughout their years of service. The study calls for further exploration of unconsidered factors in understanding the multifactorial nature of DNA damage in this occupational setting.

Relevance Between Standing Period and Working Fatigue on Simpang Jam Gas Station Operator in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Background: Workplace fatigue is a major concern that demands proper management, as it can result in various health issues. Gas station attendants who remain stationary for prolonged periods are especially susceptible to this problem. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between standing time and work fatigue among Simpang Jam gas station operators in Banda Aceh City. Research method: In order to explain the relevance between standing period and work fatigue, this study uses descriptive analytics. All 30 officers participated in the study as the population. At the Simpang Jam Gas Station in Banda Aceh City, this study was carried out in June. Chi-Square test was conducted. Results: 40.0% of respondents reported being at risk and frequently worn out when standing for extended periods. Additionally, 91.7% of respondents experienced discomfort and exhaustion while working in standing positions. Conclusion: Standing time and work fatigue have a relationship with a P value of 0.017, and standing work position and work fatigue have a relationship with a P value of 0.005. Suggestion: When operators begin to experience signs of work fatigue, provide chairs for them and pay closer attention to rest periods.

The Relationship Of Lead (Pb) Levels With The Number Of Blood Platelets At SPBU Officers

Lead (Pb) is the main pollutant in the environment. Lead in fuel is an additive that is added to a gasoline mixture with the aim of increasing combustion so that vehicle performance increases. Lead is a type of heavy metal that can cause poisoning. Lead is easily absorbed in the body and can accumulate in human tissues. Lead can enter the human body through the respiratory system, orally, or through the skin surface. High lead levels in the blood can cause low platelets. This is because lead can interfere with the heme system in the blood, causing anemia. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between lead (Pb) levels and blood platelet counts at gas stations in Mekikis Village. The research design in this study used a cross sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 10 gas station attendants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Based on the examination, the average lead and platelet levels for gas station workers were 0.4344 ppm and 293,500 /UL respectively. Based on the results of the Spearman correlation test, a significant value of 0.391 was obtained where the sign value was > 0.05, which means that there is no relationship between lead levels and the number of platelets in the blood of Mekikis Village gas station attendants.

Deteksi Karsinoma Nasofaring Mengunakan Rapid Test Uji Imunokromatografi pada Petugas SPBU

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is the 4th most common malignancy in Indonesia, after breast, cervical and lung cancer. The risk factors for this cancer are Epstein-Barr virus, gender, race, adult age 30-50 years, family history, drinking alcohol and smoking. The prevalence of NPC in Indonesia is 6.2/100,000, with nearly 13,000 new cases, but this is a small proportion that has been documented. Adham et al (2012) reported that NPC is the most common head and neck cancer (28.4%), with a male-female ratio of 2:4 and is endemic to the island of Java. The existence of knowledge about NPC starting from prevention, early detection, appropriate treatment will be able to help overcome problems caused by nasopharyngeal cancer. Early detection is very important. If NPC is found at an early stage, the cure rate is quite high, reaching 90%. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there were gas station workers in Semarang City who experienced NPC. This study used an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional approach. The results of the study of 20 Semarang City Gas Station officers found that the characteristics based on age were the most in the range 31-50, namely 70%. Characteristics based on gender of the 20 gas station attendants are all male (100%). Characteristics based on length of service are 1 - 10 years (35%), 11 - 20 years (35%) and 21 - 30 years (30%) respectively. Characteristics based on smoking history, 55% of respondents smoked and 45% did not smoke. And the NPC examination results of all respondents (100%) were NPC negative.

Variations in Gonadal Steroids in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Toxicants at Automobile Workshops and Petrol Filling Stations

The most at risk for occupational toxicity brought on by exposure to heavy metals and PAHs among various vocations are gas station attendants and auto workers. The gonadal and its regulating hormonal pattern were identified in the current investigation in gas station attendants and car employees. Objective: This study's goal is to ascertain the impact of various occupational toxicants on the ovarian health of gasoline station attendants (PPA) and car technicians (AMM). Gonadal steroids and the hormones that control them were examined for this reason and their relationship to gonadal function was established. Methods: For this, blood samples from 19 gas station attendants and 29 auto mechanics were obtained from various gas stations and car shops, respectively. The University of the Punjab in Lahore provided the blood samples for the 24 controls. Using commercially available ELISA kits, the levels of serum estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were examined. The significance of changes was evaluated using the one-way ANOVA test. Results: When compared to the control group, there was a little decrease in the levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone among fuel station attendants and car employees. Conclusions: Pertinently, reduced reproductive and their regulatory hormonal levels predispose future risk of manifesting reproductive health issues.

Risk perception of automotive fuel poisoning among gas station attendants.

Everyday, gas station attendants ate exposed to numerous toxic substances found in fuels. Benzene stands out among these toxic chemical agents; depending on its concentration, it can cause mucosal irritation or even pulmonary edema. A considerable number of gas station attendants is aware of the risks associated with benzene poisoning, but they are not aware of the risks associated with other automotive pollutants. To evaluate and understand the risk perception of automotive fuel poisoning among gas station attendants in the Sorocaba region, state of São Paulo. Sixty gas station attendants were evaluated in the Sorocaba region. Data were collected between October 2019 and September 2020 using a semi-structured, individual, closed-ended questionnaire whose questions identified the participants' perception and aimed to analyze: the general profile of the studied population; practices for handling fuels and knowledge on their toxic effects, use and instructions of personal protective equipment, symptoms possibly associated with fuel exposure, the participants' perception of poisoning risks, and their participation in occupational medicine programs. The obtained results demonstrated that most gas station attendants wore at least basic personal protective equipment, and some of them reported symptoms linked with benzene exposure. Still, a considerable number of employers does not provide adequate training to gas station attendants, which is possibly associated with inadequate use of personal protective equipment. Our data showed indications of non-compliance by gas station attendants as to the use of personal protective equipment at the workplace, and by employers as to the provision of adequate training.

Prevalência de Dores Musculares e análise da Qualidade de Vida e Saúde Auditiva em Trabalhadores de Postos de Combustíveis

Introduction Gas station attendants are exposed to loud sounds and chemical compounds, working in rotating shifts and inadequate postures. Objective Describe the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms which affects those workers and evaluate the quality of life at work, correlating them with hearing evaluation. Method A cross-sectional study, with a control group, with 15 participants without exposure and other 20 with exposition. The Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire at Work, short version, were used for evaluations. The exams performed were Tone Limit Audiometry, Acoustic Immittance Measurements and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential. Results The prevalent symptoms in the exposed group were pain in neck/cervical spine and hip/lower members, and the lumbar region. Hearing alterations were observed in 30% of the gas station attendants. There was a correlation between age and quality of life at work. Conclusion It is believed that the pain found can be a consequence of prolonged standing posture and lack of physical activity; symptoms that could be minimized by the adoption of ergonomic measures. However, although some audiological exams presented alterations, they were not enough to interfere in the quality of life at work, that was satisfactory for the groups. Keywords: Musculoskeletal; Noise. Solvents; Occupational exposure; Quality of life; Hypoacusis; Ototoxicity; Occupational Health.

Resistance to PPE Using by Gas Station Attendants

The discussion about the use, or not, of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by gas station attendants has been growing, in the contemporary context, due to the expansive increase in the consequences generated by the absence of this essential equipment at gas stations. The present study highlighted the importance of raising awareness among the attendants regarding their working conditions, mainly due to the high exposure to toxic compounds. At this core, resistance to use PPE by these workers comesfrom sociocultural issues that notoriously influence the conditionsimposed by this service. In this logic, the case study, determined by the book of Research Methodology by Marconi and Lakatos (2003), thistheme is based on data collection at gasstationsin the city of Salvador- BA, in 2021, to highlight the situations faced by these professionals and, consequently, the impacts on their quality of life and health. The resistance to the use of this equipment harms the present and future well-being of the attendants.

Induced sputum abnormalities in gas station attendants.

To investigate inflammatory changes in the induced sputum (IS) of gas station attendants (GSAs) at risk of exposure to fuel vapors through inhalation and susceptible to respiratory complaints and impaired lung function. Hypertonic saline-IS was collected from 52 GSAs who had never smoked (42 men, age = 35.9 ± 8.9years) and had no known comorbidities. A group of 22 non-smokers (11 men, age = 30.5 ± 5.1years) selected from the University staff served as control. The GSAs answered a questionnaire and underwent spirometry and chest tomography. A total of 15 inflammatory biomarkers associated with inflammation, including cytokines, chemokines, and mediators of immunological response, were also measured. The most common symptoms of GSAs were coughing (42.3%) and dyspnea (59.6%) based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA; Class II) classification. Significant elevations (p < 0.05) in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume within the first second were observed in the GSAs relative to those in the controls (GSA vs. control: 99 ± 12% vs. 90 ± 9% and 94 ± 11% vs. 87 ± 10%, respectively). The GSAs had a lower percentage of IS lymphocytes than that in the control group (4.5 ± 5.7% vs. 7.7 ± 9.8%). The GSAs also had significantly lower concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12P70, IFN-γ, and MIP-1α, but IL-3 levels were higher. No differences were observed in the airway thickness and the amount of emphysema between the GSAs and the controls. Despite normal lung function and absence of abnormalities on HRCT, GSAs have a higher frequency of respiratory complaints, with evidence of impairment of lymphocytic activity in the airways.

Monitoring of Fuel Height Gauge at IoT-Based Gas Stations

The increasing number of motor vehicles has been increasing the fuel demands, especially the demands for ‘pertalite’ (product of fuel) and ‘pertamax’ (product of fuel) fuels. These fuels are usually placed in a cylindrical reservoir at an SPBU (gas station) that is located below the ground surface. To find out the remaining volume of BBM (fuel), gas station attendants usually check it manually by dipping the meter stick to the bottom of the reservoir. Then, the boundary surface of the fuel is used as a reference in reading the meter value. Because it was considered to be an ineffective measurement, an Android-based electronic media was created to make it easier. This tool uses the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to detect the fuel height level in the reservoir. To show the results, the Blynk application is applied for the user interface. To support the IoT (internet of things) system, NodeMCU is used that is included with the WIFI module so that it can be connected to the internet. Based on the tests that have been done, the HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor has good accuracy and can monitor the height levels of fuel in real-time.

Key Concepts in Advertising: Sponsorship

Abstract: Keywords in Advertising articles provide short lectures on an important concept to help understand advertising's place in society, culture, history, and the economy. This article focuses on sponsorship: the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through providing products or services in return for an opportunity to advertise. It's not a new strategy: advertisers have long used events and programs to get consumers' attention. The first video provides an overview of how advertisers used sponsorship in early broadcasting, when barking sled dogs and jokes about Jell-O were integrated into sponsored radio shows. The second video includes examples of early television sponsorship, including singing gas station attendants for Texaco and future President Ronald Reagan promoting electricity for General Electric. The third video is an overview of how advertisers are using sponsorship today and includes clips from Hawaii 5-0 and Cherries Wild . A recommended reading list provides other sources to learn more about sponsorship and its associated topics.

Oxido-inflammatory responses and histological alterations in rat lungs exposed to petroleum product fumes.

Petroleum products-petrol, kerosene, and diesel-composed of volatile organic constituents contribute to air pollution. Exposure of gas station attendants (GSAs) to petroleum products fumes (PPFs) may account for occupation-related predisposition to respiratory toxicity and disease pathogenesis. We simulated GSA exposure to PPF inhalation and examined their effect on oxido-inflammatory responses, toxicity, and histopathological alterations in rat lungs, following 8-hours daily exposure for 60 and 90 days. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, namely: superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), TNF-α, IL-1β, xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide (NO) activity were evaluated. Besides, histopathological examination of the lungs and trachea of exposed rats, PPF exposure resulted in significant (P < .05) increases in RONS, biomarkers of oxidative stress, pro-inflammation cytokines, and reduced (P < .05) GSH levels in rats, secondary to histopathological alteration in lungs and trachea cytoarchitecture examined in an exposure-duration-dependent manner. We conclude, therefore, that the observed biochemical and histological changes create a microenvironment that is permissive to diseases pathogenesis of the respiratory system via oxido-inflammatory mechanistic pathways.

Effect of occupational exposure to petrol and gasoline components on liver and renal biochemical parameters among gas station attendants, a review and meta-analysis.

Kidney and liver are of the most affected organs during permanent exposure to petrol and gasoline components in gas stations. This study aims to investigate the renal and liver involvements in these workers using meta-analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, ISI web of science, and Google scholar motor engine were searched using Mesh terms of the relevant keywords. Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts was continued until the eligible articles meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was conducted using NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Quality score). The pooled standard mean difference of the renal and liver indices between exposed/unexposed groups was estimated using Stata ver. 11 software. In this systematic review, 22 papers were entered. The pooled standard mean difference (95% confidence interval) between exposed and unexposed groups was estimated as of 0.74 (0.28, 1.21) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 2.44 (1.80, 3.08) for aspartate transaminase (AST), 2.06 (1.42, 2.69) for alanine transaminase (ALT), 0.10 (-0.09, 0.29) for total Bilirubin (TB), 0.74 (-0.42,-1.90) for total protein (TP),-0.49 (-0.82,-0.15) for albumin, 0.88 (-0.10, 1.87) for uric acid, 1.02 (0.45, 1.59) for creatinine and 1.44 (0.75, 2.13) for blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Our meta-analysis showed that the serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin, BUN, uric acid and creatinine levels were higher among workers exposed to petrol and gasoline than control group, while albumin was lower in the serum of the exposed workers. Therefore, occupational exposure to gasoline stations can create adverse effects on kidney and liver function.

Hypermethylation in Gene Promoters Are Induced by Chronic Exposure to Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes.

Gas station attendants are occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) compounds and thus more susceptible to the biological effects of this mixture present in gasoline, especially due to the carcinogenicity of benzene. Furthermore, the harmful effects of BTEX exposure may be potentiated by genetic and epigenetic inactivation of critical genes. The objective was to evaluate such gene-BTEX interactions accessing the promoter methylation status of p14ARF, p16INK4A and GSTP1 in peripheral blood leukocyte samples. The 59 exposed and 68 unexposed participants from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were included. The promoter methylation status was accessed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was investigated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Both p14ARF and p16INK4A were significantly hypermethylated in exposed subjects compared to unexposed (p = 0.004 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, p16INK4A hypermethylation in the exposed group was correlated with chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) (p = 0.018), thus highlighting the influence of the gene-environment interactions on genome instability. Noteworthy, p16INK4A methylation was significantly associated with miscarriage among female attendants (p = 0.047), in which those who reported miscarriage exhibited hypermethylation in at least 2 of the 3 genes analyzed. The GSTP1 heterozygote genotype, which could affect the metabolism of benzene detoxification, was found in both groups but was more frequent in those occupationally exposed. No significant association was observed between GSTP1 genotypes and methylation status. Together, these findings indicate that gas station attendants with the aforementioned epigenetic and genetic profiles may be at greater risk of occupational BTEX exposure-induced genome instability, which could require concerted efforts to establish more preventive actions and constant biomonitoring in gas station attendants.

Glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in gas station attendants of Semarang city

Gas station is one of the environments with thehighest oxidant content such as toluene, benzene, xylene or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), forming as free radicals. Glutathione (GSH) as the antioxidant plays a role in capturing free radicals in order to prevent the cell from damage.The objective of this study was to determine the GSH and MDA levels in gas station attendants of Semarang City. This study was an analytic observational and cross-sectional study conducted from April to August 2017. The blood samples were obtained from 34 gas station attendants and 22 volunteers who live in the countryside as the control group. Blood samples were analyzed by using ELISA kit to determine the GSH levels biochemically. Measurement of MDA levels were conducted using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARSC). The results showed that the average GSH level in gas station attendants was 0.587 μg/mL and in controls was 0.208 μg/mL. While the average MDA level in gas station attendants was 2.55nmol/mL and in controls was 0.827 nmol/mL. Statistical test result of GSH levels showed the significant value p = 0.000, and for MDA levels p=0,001. There is a relationship between working in gas station and GSH and MDA levels.