Gannan Prefecture Research Articles

Regional disparities in the prevalence and correlated factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Gansu, China.

Myopia is a significant public health problem across the globe. This study aimed to examine the regional disparity in prevalence and correlated factors of myopia in children and adolescents in two typical regions, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan Prefecture for short, a Tibetan residential area) and Wuwei City (a Han residential area) in Gansu Province, China, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of regional myopia. The study was a cross-sectional study of children and adolescents in Gansu Province, China. A total of 6,187 (Wuwei City: 3,266, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture: 2,921) students were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Eye examinations and questionnaires were administered to the participants. Myopia is defined as a condition in which the spherical equivalent refractive error of an eye is less than or equal to -0.50 D when ocular accommodation is relaxed. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlated factors of myopia. The myopia rate of 6,187 students was 71.4%, and students had a higher rate of myopia (77.5%) in Wuwei City compared to Gannan Prefecture (64.6%) (p < 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis in Wuwei City showed that girls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.325), junior students (OR = 2.542), senior students(OR = 4.605), distance between eyes and book less than one foot (OR = 1.291), and parents with myopia (one, OR = 2.437; two, OR = 4.453) had higher risks of myopia (all, p < 0.05). For Gannan Prefecture, girls (OR = 1.477), senior students (OR = 1.537), daily time spent doing homework ≥2 h (OR = 1.420), the distance between eyes and book less than one foot (OR = 1.205), mean time continuous eye use (0.25-<0.5 h, OR = 1.345, 0.5-<1 h, OR = 1.317, ≥1 h, OR = 1.313), average daily sleep duration <8 h (OR = 1.399), and parents with myopia (one, OR = 1.852; two, OR = 2.913) had higher risks of myopia (all, p < 0.05). The prevalence of myopia is at a relatively high level in Gansu Province. The prevalence and risk factors for myopia vary by region.

Optimizing zoning for ecological management in alpine region by combining ecosystem service supply and demand with ecosystem resilience

In order to enhance ecosystem stability and promote sustainable regional ecological, social, and economic development, it is crucial to explore the coupling relationship between ecosystem service supply and demand and the resilience of ecosystem, so as to propose scientific ecological management zones and strategies. Taking the vulnerable alpine ecosystem in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan Prefecture) as the study area, this paper comprehensively utilized multi-source data, grid analysis, ecosystem service supply and demand estimation model, and coupled coordination model to analyze the spatio-temporal differentiation and coordination pattern of ecosystem service supply and demand in the study area from 2000 to 2020. With the assistance of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the ecosystem resilience index system was constructed to evaluate the regional ecological resilience. The results reveal the following: (1) In the past 20 years, the ecosystem service supply and resilience in Gannan Prefecture showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the demand continued to grow steadily. Their spatial differentiation were obvious, but the pattern remained stable. (2) There was a moderate incoordination indicated by the average coordination degree of the supply and demand coupling of ecosystem services, which rangeed between 0.3 and 0.4. (3) Gannan Prefecture was split into three ecological management zones, considering the spatial distribution of ecosystem service supply and demand, as well as resilience. Through system function monitoring and other measures, the ecological conservation zone will rely on its high resilience to support the restoration and self-sufficiency of the system, ensuring the stability and well-being of the ecosystem. The primary objectives of general protected zone includes environmental preservation, strict regulations, and the prevention of human intervention. To enhance their ecological background, key restoration zone must intensify the implementation of ecological restoration initiatives. To address the needs of the locals, strategies such as ecological compensation, optimizing the land use structure, and fostering the growth of environmentally friendly companies can be implemented simultaneously.

Comprehensive Ecological Risk Changes and Their Relationship with Ecosystem Services of Alpine Grassland in Gannan Prefecture from 2000–2020

Alpine grassland is one of the most fragile and sensitive ecosystems, and it serves as a crucial ecological security barrier on the Tibetan Plateau. Due to the combined influence of climate change and human activities, the degradation of the alpine grassland in Gannan Prefecture has been increasing recent years, causing increases in ecological risk (ER) and leading to the grassland ecosystem facing unprecedented challenges. In this context, it is particularly crucial to construct a potential grassland damage index (PGDI) and assessment framework that can be used to effectively characterize the damage and risk to the alpine grassland ecosystem. This study comprehensively uses multi-source data to construct a PGDI based on the grassland resilience index, landscape ER index, and grass–livestock balance index. Thereafter, we proposed a feasible framework for assessing the comprehensive ER of alpine grassland and analyzed the responsive relationship between the comprehensive ER and comprehensive ecosystem services (ESs) of the grassland. There are four findings. The first is that the comprehensive ER of the alpine grassland in Gannan Prefecture from 2000–2020 had a low distribution in the southeast and a high distribution trend in the northwest, with medium risk (29.27%) and lower risk (27.62%) dominating. The high-risk area accounted for 4.58% and was mainly in Lintan County, the border between Diebu and Zhuoni Counties, the eastern part of Xiahe County, and the southwest part of Hezuo. Second, the comprehensive ESs showed a pattern of low distribution in the northwest and high distribution in the southeast. The low and lower services accounted for only 9.30% of the studied area and were mainly distributed in the west of Maqu County and central Lintan County. Third, the Moran’s index values for comprehensive ESs and ER for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were −0.246, −0.429, −0.348, −0.320, and −0.285, respectively, thereby indicating significant negative spatial autocorrelation for all aspects. Fourth, ER was caused by the combined action of multiple factors. There are significant differences in the driving factors that affect ER. Landscape index is the first dominant factor affecting ER, with q values greater than 0.25, followed by DEM and NDVI. In addition, the interaction between diversity index and NDVI had the greatest impact on ER. Overall, this study offers a new methodological framework for the quantification of comprehensive ER in alpine grasslands.

Research on the Development Bottlenecks and Countermeasures of Ethnic Traditional Sports Tourism Industry in Gannan Western China Autonomous Prefecture

Currently, with the gradual realization of the goals of China's rural revitalization strategy, the national traditional sports tourism industry has rapidly developed, becoming a new format driving the growth of the sports industry. Gannan Prefecture possesses abundant natural resources for sports tourism and unique cultural resources in sports tourism, indicating the potential value of developing the national traditional sports tourism industry. However, the development of this industry is constrained by seasonality, insufficient exploration and development, poor accessibility, inadequate supporting infrastructure and services, and a lack of skilled personnel. This paper proposes various reasonable measures to address the bottlenecks hindering the development of the national traditional sports tourism industry.

An Analysis of the Isomerism of Tibetan Vernacular Dwellings Based on Space Syntax: A Case Study of the Semi-Agricultural and Semi-Pastoral District in Gannan Prefecture, China

Vernacular dwellings carry both material and spiritual connotations, playing a significant role in preserving and developing regional culture. While current research on vernacular dwellings has primarily focused on the cultural center, there is a critical knowledge gap regarding the “differentiation” of dwellings in border areas. This knowledge gap poses risks to the sustainable development of vernacular dwellings. Therefore, this study employs a space syntax approach to analyze the spatial configuration of the Tibetan vernacular dwellings of the semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas in Gannan prefecture, China, which is situated in the Tibetan border area. The findings reveal the following key insights: (i) disparities exist in the spatial organization of “sacred–secular” node spaces and the structural characteristics of buildings, resulting in a misalignment between physical center spaces and psychological center spaces; (ii) variation in cultural intensity contributes to distinct characteristics, i.e., “prototype”, “transition”, and “mutant”, among dwellings in different counties; and (iii) the continuous development and adaptation of dwellings hinge on the homogeneity and differentiation of regional culture. The crux of achieving sustainable dwelling development lies in preserving the diversity of dwellings. This study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the spatial configuration of vernacular dwellings in the Tibetan border area and their sociocultural connotations. Consequently, it provides valuable guidance for promoting the sustainable development of these dwellings.

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Temperature and Precipitation in Complex Terrain along the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

The study of climate element distribution models under complex terrain conditions is a popular topic in the field of GIS application in climatology, especially in plateau areas with a complex topography and scarce meteorological station information. In this paper, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of temperature and precipitation at the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau was analyzed by taking the northeastern edge of the plateau as the study area and constructing a topographic spatial statistical model using 47 meteorological stations and digital elevation models from 1981 to 2010. The following conclusions were drawn from the study: (1) The ME of the temperature distribution model for each month is below 0.9 °C; the maximum ME of the precipitation distribution model for each month is −5.808 mm in July, and the precipitation distribution model has similar error characteristics with the temperature distribution model, which can reflect the horizontal zone distribution pattern of meteorological data and can clearly show the changes of temperature and precipitation as the altitude increases. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of temperature is as follows: the temperature in the study area gradually increases from the southwest to the northeast, with Zhouqu County in Linxia Prefecture and Gannan Prefecture as the main high-temperature areas; the spatial distribution of precipitation is as follows: the precipitation in the southwest of the study area is significantly higher than that in the north, and the precipitation in Linxia Prefecture is significantly lower than that in Gannan Prefecture. (3) The temporal distribution pattern of the temperature distribution model is as follows: the overall temperature in the study area is at its lowest level in January, and the maximum temperature is only 2.6 °C, until July, when the maximum temperature rises to 24.2 °C and then gradually starts to decline; the spatial distribution of precipitation is as follows: the precipitation in the study area gradually rises from January, and the maximum precipitation rises to July and then starts to decline, and in December the precipitation falls to the lowest level. The temporal distribution characteristics of the precipitation distribution model are similar to those of the air temperature model, with obvious hydrothermal synchronization characteristics.

Geochemical precursory characteristics of soil gas Rn, Hg, H2, and CO2 related to the 2019 Xiahe Ms5.7 earthquake across the northern margin of West Qinling fault zone, Central China

The Xiahe Ms5.7 earthquake occurred in Xiahe county, Gannan prefecture, China (35.10°N, 102.69°E) on October 28, 2019, with a source depth of 10 km. This study investigates the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of cross-fault soil gas concentrations prior to the Xiahe Ms5.7 earthquake by analyzing Rn, Hg, H2, and CO2 data collected from 11 profiles across the northern margin of the West Qinling fault zone from 2016 to 2019. The spatial distribution of these gases showed varying trends, with Rn concentration intensity decreasing from the Wushan segment to the east and west sections, while Hg, H2, and CO2 all broke the trend in the West Qinling fault zone's northern margin. The soil gas concentration intensity demonstrated a significant response to the Xiahe Ms5.7 earthquake, particularly in the west Ganjia sections. By integrating the seismogenic model and numerical simulation results, we explored the physical mechanism underlying these abnormal trends. Our findings suggest that the continuous decline characteristic of fault gas could be a valuable indicator of fracture tectonic activity, while an upward trend after continuous decline may signal a medium and short-term seismogenic event in the source area. These results provide a foundation for improved tracking of earthquake location and timing in a fault zone through cross-fault soil gas methods, highlighting the importance of enhancing deep fluid flow monitoring and seismogenic model research in fault zones.

Assessing the vulnerability of grasslands in Gannan of China under the dual effects of climate change and human activities

Climate change and human activities are two major drivers of grasslands degradation. Understanding the vulnerability of grasslands to both drives is of great importance for grassland conservation. This research established a vulnerability assessment model with historical and future the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which was predicted by an optimized spatiotemporal NDVI prediction model, and then examined the vulnerability of grasslands under climate change and human activities in Gannan Prefecture on the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results show that Gannan grasslands would show a vulnerability pattern of higher in the west and lower in the east under climate change and human activities. More than 46 % and 17 % of the region will become highly and medium vulnerable areas in the future, mainly concentrated in Maqu, Luqu and Xiahe counties in the west, southwest and northwest of Gannan. Specifically, the vulnerability is the lowest under the future climate scenario of moderate carbon emissions (i.e. RCP 4.5). Land use types such as forest land, unutilized land and cultivated land conversion to grassland could partially offset the vulnerability mainly caused climate change, while the conversion of grassland to unutilized land, forest land and cultivated land would increase the vulnerability of grassland. Our results would help to deepen the understanding of the patterns and main drivers of Gannan grasslands vulnerability under the impacts of climate change and human activities, and provide theoretical basis for the development of corresponding grassland management policies.

A Study on Traditional Villages and Towns in Lintan County, Gannan Prefecture

The human history of Lintan County in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture can be traced back to 4000 years ago. It has undergone the historical erosion of the Neolithic Age, Xia and Zhou, Tang, Northern Song, and Ming dynasties, and is also a fusion zone of Tuyuhun King, Tubo King, and Han ethnic culture, forming a traditional culture with local characteristics. In Gannan Prefecture, there is a relatively special type of culture mainly composed of Han, Hui, and Tibetan culture. Through field research, the author visited the traditional conservation villages and towns in Lintan County, and preliminarily constructed the characteristics of the area from its characteristics (site selection, layout, form, etc.) and the characteristics of traditional building construction (courtyard composition, residential functions). The reasons for its formation, including military defense, agricultural natural resources, and watershed traffic arteries and other factors, were analyzed.

Daily Behavior Characteristics and Environmental Symbiosis Mechanism of Village Residents in Alpine Pastoral Areas: Meiwu Village, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The characteristics of the daily behaviors of village residents and their symbiotic relationship with the environment play important roles in optimizing the spatial configuration of villages and promoting the sustainable development of the villages and the environment. This paper used the questionnaire survey method and the field observation method, collected the data of different residents’ activities by interviews and surveys in Meiwu Village, Gannan Prefecture, and analyzed the characteristics of the local residents’ behaviors and activities, as well as their interaction with spaces from the perspective of time. The results showed that the types of daily activities of village residents in alpine pastoral areas can be divided into four types: life type, survival type, leisure type, and folk type, and there were significant differences in the types of daily activities and the corresponding spaces of the different groups. Residents’ daily behaviors determine the choice and construction of the village spaces, and residents lifestyles promote the functional transformation of the living spaces. On the other hand, the village spaces can also affect the behavioral activities. This study is helpful to improve the method of evaluating the daily living spaces of pastoral villages based on residents’ behaviors, and the conclusion of the empirical study has certain guiding significance for the rural planning of alpine pastoral areas under the humanistic concept.

Vegetation Dynamics in Response to Climate Change and Human Activities in a Typical Alpine Region in the Tibetan Plateau.

Understanding past and future vegetation dynamics is important for assessing the effectiveness of ecological engineering, designing policies for adaptive ecological management, and improving the ecological environment. Here, inter-annual changes in vegetation dynamics during 2000–2020, contributions of climate change (CC) and human activities (HA) to vegetation dynamics, and sustainability of vegetation dynamics in the future were determined in Gannan Prefecture (a typical alpine region in the Tibetan Plateau), China. MODIS-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), air temperature, precipitation, and land cover data were used, and trend analysis, multiple regression residuals analysis, and Hurst exponent analysis were employed. NDVI increased at a rate of 2.4 × 10−3∙a−1 during the growing season, and vegetation improved in most parts of the study area and some sporadically degraded areas also existed. The increasing rate was the highest in the Grain to Green Project (GTGP) areas. The vegetation in the southern and northern regions was mainly affected by CC and HA, respectively, with CC and HA contributions to vegetation change being 52.32% and 47.68%, respectively. The GTGP area (59.89%) was most evidently affected by HA. Moreover, a Hurst exponent analysis indicated that, in the future, the vegetation in Gannan Prefecture would continuously improve. The study can assist in formulating ecological protection and restoration projects and ensuring sustainable development.

Accuracy of hepatitis B disease surveillance, Gannan prefecture, Gansu province, China; 2017.

Hepatitis B is a major global public health threat. According to China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS), Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan) had the highest incidence of hepatitis B in Gansu Province during 2004 to 2016. We evaluated NNDRS hepatitis B case reports from Gannan to determine accuracy of diagnosis and to understand factors associated with inaccuracy. We reviewed medical records with hepatitis B diagnosis hospitalized in seven county hospitals in Gannan between January 1, 2016 and July 31, 2017. Using national "Classification and Diagnostic Procedures for Hepatitis B," we independently reclassified the diagnoses. We determined the positive predictive value (PPV) of reported hepatitis B cases. We investigate clinicians' understanding of the diagnostic and reporting criteria for hepatitis B by questionnaire. We reviewed and re-categorized 400 inpatients reported. Sixteen cases had been reported as acute hepatitis B, but on re-categorization, none were acute hepatitis B cases. PPVs for chronic hepatitis B and unclassified hepatitis B cases were 66% and 15% respectively; 327 (82%) of the reported hepatitis B cases were inaccurately classified; 261 were carriers, 59 were reported previously, and 7 did not have hepatitis B. The actual incidence of hepatitis B in Gannan in 2016 was estimated to be 19/100,000, significantly below the reported incidence of 106/100,000. Among reported cases, 81% had been tested for Alanine aminotransferase, 52% for hepatitis C antibody, 80% with liver ultrasound, 32% for hepatitis A antibody, and 7% for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Not all cases were tested for anti-HBc IgM or hepatitis E antibody or had a liver biopsy. In the knowledge test, 56% of clinicians accurately diagnosed three simulated cases of acute hepatitis B, and 17% correctly diagnosed two simulated cases chronic hepatitis B; 22% knew that "a client with only HBsAg positivity need not be reported." The falsely high incidence in Gannan was due to diagnostic and reporting inaccuracies. We recommend that clinicians and laboratorians receive additional training in hepatitis B diagnostic criteria and reporting standards, including appropriate use of IgM anti-HBc tests. Hepatitis B surveillance data should be periodically reviewed and evaluated for accuracy.

甘南州不同退化程度高寒草甸植被及土壤特性的演化规律

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 甘南州不同退化程度高寒草甸植被及土壤特性的演化规律 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202204040859 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 甘肃省林业和草原局甘肃省草原监测评价科技支撑项目（GSZYTC-ZCTC-21009）；甘肃省重点研发计划（20YF3NA021）；兰州市科技计划项目（2021-1-174） Evolution regularity of degraded alpine meadow vegetation and soil characteristics at different degrees in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为明确甘南州退化高寒草甸植被及土壤特性的演化规律，本研究以甘南藏族自治州碌曲县、夏河县和合作市不同退化程度高寒草甸为研究对象，调查其植被特征并采集土壤样品，测定土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物数量。结果表明，随退化程度加深，莎草科、蔷薇科和毛茛科等科属毒杂草逐渐代替禾本科优质牧草优势位，植被高度、盖度、草产量、多样性指数降低，重度退化草地较轻度退化草地草产量降低了约2000 kg/hm2；土壤理化性质全氮、全磷、全钾、孔隙度、粉粒含量下降，pH值、全盐、容重及黏粒含量升高，由轻度至重度退化草地土壤全磷含量下降了0.67 g/kg，土壤全钾含量下降0.62 g/kg；土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性降低，蔗糖酶活性由轻度至重度退化草地降幅最大，可达0.45 mg/g/24h；土壤细菌和放线菌数量降低，真菌数量增加，重度退化草地较轻度而言细菌数量降低约5×106 cfu/g，放线菌降低约5×105 cfu/g，真菌增加约2×103 cfu/g；相关性分析发现各因子与退化程度的相关性性强，相关系数在0.92以上，多为0.99甚至1。因此，甘南州高寒草甸随退化程度加深，总体呈现出草地优势种消失，植被高度、盖度、草产量、多样性下降，土壤养分及活性降低，并呈现向盐碱化、荒漠化演替的趋势。本研究为甘南州高寒草甸生态系统退化预测、管理、恢复等方案的制定提供理论依据。 Abstract:The alpine meadow on Qinghai Tibet Plateau is an important component of alpine meadow ecosystem and grassland agroecosystem in the world, in which Gannan Prefecture alpine meadow plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation, ecosystems sustainable development, regulating the global climate and the carbon cycle process. But the degradation trend of it now is becoming severer and severer, 18.08% of its total grassland acreage is in danger and continuous deteriorate. As a result, retrograde succession occurs and brings about a serious threat to the world ecological security, while there are few studies about the evolution process, especially in the synthesis of multi-ecological factors, and few refer to the managing role of microbiome. Furthermore, amount researches showed the complexes of vegetation, soil and microorganism is critical to study the evolution regular of the degraded alpine meadow. Therefore, there were 3 aspects for the investigation and analysis according to the principle, and all samples were collected from the alpine meadow with different degradation degrees, light, moderate and severe degrees, in Luqu County, Xiahe County and Hezuo City respectively. The vegetation characteristics were analyzed, and the soil samples were collected for determining soil physiochemical properties, enzyme activity and microbial quantity. The result showed that with the deepening of degradation, the vegetation height, coverage, grass yield, and diversity indexes decreased, while the poisonous weeds such as Cyperaceae, Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae gradually replaced the dominant position of high-quality forages of Gramineae, and the grass yield of severely degraded grassland decreased almost 2000 kg/hm2 by comparing with the lightly degraded grassland, which signify the alpine meadow weakening feasibility for grazing. The physicochemical properties of soil changed greatly, the dominant components of soil nutrients and soil enzymes served for the circulation of matter and flow of energy in the system, as well as the particles related to the sub-composition of soil structure changed in different ways. The soil total phosphorus, total potassium, porosity and silt generally decreased, while soil pH value, total salt, bulk density and clay showed an opposite direction. The soil total phosphorus and total potassium content decreased by 0.67 g/kg, 0.62 g/kg, respectively, when the degradation degree from light to severe. For the soil enzyme activities, soil urease activity, sucrase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity dropped, the decrease of sucrase activity from light to severe degradation degree was the largest, up to 0.45 mg/g/24h. The changing ways of soil physiochemical properties, enzyme activity could be concluded that the soil degradation was becoming more and more serious. Soil microorganisms were the most diverse community in the biosphere and the transition of their existence state was an indispensable driving force of biogeochemical cycle. The number of bacteria in soil microbial composition was the largest but its amount dropped significantly. The actinomycetes were also with the same trend along the degradation process, however, the number of fungi increased continuously. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi decreased by 5×106 cfu/g, 5×105 cfu/g and 2×103 cfu/g, respectively, with the degradation trend from light to severe degree. Correlation analysis showed that each factor had a strong correlation with the degradation degree, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.92, most of which were 0.99 or even 1. Generally, with the deepening of degradation, the dominant grassland species disappeared, vegetation height, coverage, grass yield and diversity decreased, soil nutrients and activity decreased, and showed a trend of salinization and desertification. This study provides a theoretical support for the formulation of the prediction, management and restoration schemes of the alpine meadow ecosystem degradation in Gannan. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Quantitative spatial analysis of vegetation dynamics and potential driving factors in a typical alpine region on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau using the Google Earth Engine

Vegetation is essential in maintaining terrestrial ecosystem functions, and understanding why and how vegetation evolves is necessary for regional ecological management. On the Tibetan Plateau, the effects of various factors and their interactions in directing vegetation change remain unclear. Supported by the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, we quantified spatiotemporal vegetation variation in Gannan Prefecture on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau for 2000–2018 using trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation and explored its driving factors with a geographic detector method. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) illustrated fluctuating growth from 2000 to 2018, and the overall growth rate was 0.002/year. The spatial distributions of NDVI were variable, and areas with NDVI greater than 0.8 accounted for more than 69% of Gannan Prefecture area. From 2000 to 2018, the global Moran’s index of vegetation NDVI was greater than 0.52 and showed a fluctuating upward trend, indicating that the vegetation NDVI tended to be distributed with a high spatial concentration. The local Moran’s index of NDVI was mainly characterized by “High-High” and “Low-Low” clustering types, and the former increased significantly, but the latter decreased. The annual mean temperature, soil type, and elevation were the dominant factors driving vegetation NDVI change in Gannan Prefecture, explaining more than 15% of the variability. Furthermore, the influence of the interaction between any two factors on NDVI was an almost nonlinear enhancement. These results could help us improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism of NDVI changes and provide a scientific basis for ecological protection in alpine regions.

Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Their Driving Factors in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Based on Geographical Detectors and Google Earth Engine: A Case Study in Gannan Prefecture

As an important production base for livestock and a unique ecological zone in China, the northeast Tibetan Plateau has experienced dramatic land use/land cover (LULC) changes with increasing human activities and continuous climate change. However, extensive cloud cover limits the ability of optical remote sensing satellites to monitor accurately LULC changes in this area. To overcome this problem in LULC mapping in the Ganan Prefecture, 2000–2018, we used the dense time stacking of multi-temporal Landsat images and random forest algorithm based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The dynamic trends of LULC changes were analyzed, and geographical detectors quantitatively evaluated the key driving factors of these changes. The results showed that (1) the overall classification accuracy varied between 89.14% and 91.41%, and the kappa values were greater than 86.55%, indicating that the classification results were reliably accurate. (2) The major LULC types in the study area were grassland and forest, and their area accounted for 50% and 25%, respectively. During the study period, the grassland area decreased, while the area of forest land and construction land increased to varying degrees. The land-use intensity presents multi-level intensity, and it was higher in the northeast than that in the southwest. (3) Elevation and population density were the major driving factors of LULC changes, and economic development has also significantly affected LULC. These findings revealed the main factors driving LULC changes in Gannan Prefecture and provided a reference for assisting in the development of sustainable land management and ecological protection policy decisions.

From Subjective and Objective Perspective to Reconstruct the High-Quality Tourism Spatial Structure―Taking Gannan Prefecture in China as an Example

Spatial relationship is the basic perspective of understanding regions. Tourism spatial structure is the spatial projection of tourism activities, reflecting the spatial attributes and interrelationships of tourism activities. In this paper, taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example, we identified the objective and subjective tourism spatial structure of Gannan Prefecture based on the GIS spatial analysis function and using objective and subjective tourist attractions as the spatial object element. Then, the tourism spatial network was reconstructed. Results are as follows. (1) Both objective and subjective tourist attractions in Gannan Prefecture exhibit aggregated distribution. Among them, the spatial distribution of objective tourist attractions has a significant trend of contiguous aggregation, showing a relatively higher density in the northeastern and southeastern regions, and a lower density in the central and southwestern regions. This is opposite to that of the subjective tourist attractions. (2) The connectivity and accessibility between objective and subjective tourist attractions in Gannan Prefecture are poor, and only a few tourist attractions form a traffic connection with neighboring ones. (3) The objective tourism spatial network of Gannan Prefecture is layered with aggregation, and presents a significant cohesive development trend. This is opposite to the subjective one. (4) Based on the identification results of objective and subjective tourism spatial structures, the objective and subjective core tourism resources as well as tourist attractions should be integrated, and the road transportation system should be constructed and improved. Then, a high-quality tourism spatial network with ‘three poles, three axes and four groups’ was constructed. This study provides a scientific basis for the tourism spatial development, tourist route organization, the layout of tourism service facilities and product, and tourism spatial optimization in specific regions.

Research on the Development Mode of Sports Industry in Gannan Prefecture

With the rapid development of China's economy, the sports industry has also developed rapidly. It has gradually become a new growth point in the development of China's national economy, and it has broad development prospects. In order to promote the rapid and effective development of the sports industry in Ganzhou South, this paper comprehensively uses research methods such as literature research and investigation to conduct an in-depth study on the development model of sports industry in Gannan. This paper analyzes the current situation of Gannan's sports industry development model, points out its existing problems, and points out the sports industry model that Gannan Prefecture will develop.

Frequency Characteristics and Numerical Computation of Seismic Records Generated by a Giant Debris Flow in Zhouqu, Western China

The catastrophic Sanyanyu and Luojiayu debris flows, which were induced by heavy rain, struck Zhouqu County in Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province, at approximately midnight, 7 August 2010 (Beijing time, UTC + 8), causing 1765 fatalities and huge economic loss. The ZHQ seismic station is located approximately 170 m west of the outlet of the Sanyanyu gully, and its power system was destroyed by the Sanyanyu debris flow when its leading edge reached the vicinity of the seismic station. In this paper, seismic signals recorded approximately 10 min before its termination are collected and analyzed to study the Sanyanyu debris flow. A double-exponential model is first proposed to quantitatively characterize seismic energy distributions in the frequency domain, which reveals that the peak frequency of seismic signals is around 5 Hz. Influenced by the Doppler effect, the peak frequency of the N–S component is the highest, and the U–D component is the lowest. Time–frequency analysis is applied to the seismic signals. From the spectrogram, it is easily observed that the formation time of the Sanyanyu debris flow is around 23:33:10. The entire debris flow is divided into three phases with distinct frequency characteristics, using 23:36:20 and 23:37:35 as crucial times. The frequency energy distributions in the first two phases are relatively stable, and are constrained in 0–8.8 Hz and 0–17.8 Hz, respectively. For the third phase, the upper boundary of frequency energy increases in a nearly linear manner, reaching approximately 35 Hz at the end. We calculate synthetic seismograms of the Sanyanyu debris flow. Generally, synthetic seismograms have morphological features and characteristics in key stages similar to those of the actual seismic records, and their maximum values are of the same magnitude. Our results suggest that the seismic source of a debris flow can be represented by a single-force model, and reveal that real-time monitoring and rapid identification of potential debris flows using broadband seismic network records is possible, which can provide approximately 15 min of pre-event warning for local residents and hopefully save many lives.

Ultrasound and Serology For Diagnosis of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in An Endemic Zone in China

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a public health concern in China. However, the incidence and prevalence of CE in the Chinese province of Gansu is not well known. CE diagnosis is often limited to ultrasonography (US) and serological tests. We have assessed the use of these two approaches for diagnosis of CE in the Xiahe county (Gannan prefecture, Gansu province), an endemic area in the northwest of China. This was a community-based cross-sectional study involving 972 people selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. CE was investigated by US and serology, using a commercially available ELISA test. Eighty-four individuals tested positive for serology, out of whom 74 (88.10%) were 21-60 years old. Twelve individuals were diagnosed by US. Overall, seroprevalence was 8.63%, and the rate of individuals diagnosed by US was 1.23%. Seroprevalence was higher among females than males (10.16% vs. 6.5%), while the rate of individuals diagnosed by US was slightly higher among males (1.22% vs. 0.89%). Our results demonstrate that CE remains prevalent in the Gansu province. Serological monitoring can be a valuable tool for detection of infected individuals.

Gender and renewable energy study in Tibetan pastoral areas of China

Abstract As interdisciplinary research, this Gender and Energy study innovatively revealed the crucial role of Tibetan women in using, saving and developing energy. We chose a typical Tibetan area named Gannan Prefecture in northwestern China, we chose three total grassland counties in Gannan; all three communities still have a nomadic lifestyle and do not have sufficient energy. After we concluded the close relationship between gender and energy in this area, we compared our research area with other Tibetan area those are located in Sichuan, Qinghai and Tibet. This comparison helped to figure out the relationship between Tibetan women and energy in China. The results showed a significant increase of total household energy consumption and the energy efficiency and the decrease of the disease rate because of using renewable energy and clean devices. It also improved women's empowerment in household energy management and promoted cultural change. However, a Tibetan woman's daily working time increased by 1 h from 15 h/day to 16 h/day. The reasons behind gender inequity include Religion influence, Social change and Industrial structure. This paper conclude the changes and attempts to analyze the internal factors, and tries to bring about some policy advice to benefit the Tibetan women.