Doses Of Gamma Radiation Research Articles

Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of a High Dose of Gamma Radiation on the Composition of Functional Groups in Potato Tubers

Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of a High Dose of Gamma Radiation on the Composition of Functional Groups in Potato Tubers

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation Dose on the Yield and Acute Toxicity of Seed Potato Tubers of the Meteor Variety

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation Dose on the Yield and Acute Toxicity of Seed Potato Tubers of the Meteor Variety

Thermal, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Plant-Derived Polyamide 1010.

In this study, we investigated the influence of the gamma-irradiation dose and the addition of the cross-linking agent (triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC)) on the thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of plant-derived polyamide 1010 (PA1010). PA1010 and PA1010/TAIC were extruded using a twin screw extruder and injection molded. These specimens were then irradiated with gamma-ray in air with doses of 20 and 50 kGy. After gamma-irradiation, the specimens were heat-treated to remove the free radicals generated in the polymer. The combination of gamma-irradiation and the addition of TAIC significantly changed the crystal structures of PA1010. Glass transition temperature increased with the addition of TAIC and, in particular, with increasing gamma-irradiation dose. Moreover, PA1010/TAIC showed a rubbery plateau originating from cross-links by gamma-irradiation, which was observed in the temperature regions above the melting point in DMA measurements. Mechanical properties such as strength, modulus and hardness, and tribological properties such as frictional coefficient, specific wear rate and limiting pv (pressure p × velocity v) value of PA1010 improved with change in the internal microstructure with the gamma-irradiation and addition of TAIC.

Co-occurrence of acrocentric chromosome associations with dicentric chromosomes in irradiated human lymphocytes.

The occurrence of acrocentric chromosome association (ACA) after radiation exposure is an interesting cytogenetic endpoint, known to show adose-dependent increase in irradiated lymphocytes suggesting its potential use in radiation biodosimetry. Here, an attempt was made to study the complexity and correlation of the occurrence of ACA with dicentric chromosomes (DC) in lymphocytes exposed to gamma radiation. Ninety metaphases each with DC and without DC were chosen randomly from lymphocytes irradiated with different doses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Gy) of gamma radiation. ACA along with chromosomal types of aberrations were scored and analyzed for complexity and co-occurrence, retrospectively. The number of associations between 2and ≥ 3acrocentric chromosomes showed an increase with each irradiation dose. Concomitantly, the total number of chromosomal type of aberrations showed an increase in number at each radiation dose studied. The number of DC showed an increase, however, metaphases containing 1DC decreased while ≥ 2DC increased as the radiation dose increased. The number of tricentric chromosomes increased at doses higher than 2 Gy. Importantly, the association of DC with an acrocentric chromosome was noticed at doses 2 Gy and above. Asignificant (p < 0.05) increase was noticed in ACA frequency in 1DC and ≥ 2DC metaphases at 1and 2 Gy, in 1DC at 3 Gy, and in ≥ 2DC 4and 5 Gy compared to the frequency in no DC metaphases. When average ACA frequency was plotted against DC frequency, asignificant (p = 0.0009) correlation was observed, producing regression equation y = 0.9025x + 0.1283; R2 = 0.9522. The present analysis showed increasing ACA complexity with increasing radiation dose. Furthermore, ahigher frequency of ACA in cells with 1DC or ≥ 2DC compared to the ACA in cells without DC from the same sample of irradiated lymphocytes demonstrated the co-occurrence of ACA and DC in the same cells.

The effect of radiation on grape seeds: ESR and microbiological analysis

In this work, pulverized grape seeds were irradiated with varying doses of 60Co gamma radiation, and the effect of radiation for each dosage value was determined using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and microbiological analysis. Through dose-response and kinetic investigations, the dose dependence and stability of the radiation induced cellulose-like radicals were determined, respectively. The effect of irradiation on aerobic bacteria was demonstrated for the first time by microbiological analysis and the inactivating dose value was identified. The obtained findings are beneficial for irradiated food detection investigations.

Green synthesis of sulfonated cellulose/polyether block amide/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (SC/PEBAX/PEGDA) composite membrane by gamma radiation and sulfonation techniques for battery application

Sulfonated cellulose (SC) was successfully prepared through a two-step process of gamma radiation and subsequently sulfonation with potassium metabisulfite of microcrystalline cellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse. The effect of gamma radiation dose on cellulose showed an increment of oxidation degree, which was evidenced by the intensity ratio of I1718 (carbonyl)/ I2892 (aliphatic) from FTIR analysis. The obtained SC was introduced into polyether block amide/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEBAX/PEGDA) polymer matrix as a reinforcement and hydrophilic filler for improving electrolyte affinity and thermal stability of its composite membrane. The increase of SC in PEBAX/PEGDA composite membranes resulted in enhancement of hydrophilicity, electrolyte uptake, and thermal stability compared to pristine composite membranes. However, the excess SC content in the composite membrane exhibited the low physical properties, caused by negligible dispersion on the surface membrane. With the optimum 2.0 wt% SC in PEBAX/PEGDA, the porosity, contact angle and electrolyte uptake capacity was found to be 64.0 %, 12.8° and 37.5 %, respectively. 2.0 wt% SC/PEBAX/PEGDA showed the outstanding thermal stability with negligible shrinkage <10 % at 150 °C whereas pristine PEBAX/PEGDA showed the shrinkage of 29 %. The obtained SC/PEBAX/PEGDA composite membrane is considered as a potential candidate to replace the commercial polyolefin-based separator in lithium-ion batteries.

Novel polyvinyl alcohol film dosimeter containing 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye for high dose application

A new dyed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film dosimeter based on 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MMT) tetrazolium dye is proposed in this study for measuring high gamma radiation dose. Gamma cell irradiator that contains Co-60 gamma-ray source was used to expose the novel MMT-PVA films to different doses up to 25 kGy. The changed in optical property of irradiated and unirradiated films were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results show that the dose sensitive and the linear range of irradiated films were increased considerably with increase of MMT concentration from 1 to 5 mM. The dose response of dyed PVA film changed substantially with changing relative humidity (12–74%) as well as irradiation temperature (10–40 °C). The absorbance of the un-irradiated films does not change up to 10 days in dark while a significant increase in their absorbance was reported for similar films under fluorescent light. The irradiated dosimeters that kept in dark showed a perfect stability for 54 days. It was found that no obvious impact of dose rate on the irradiated MMT-PVA film dosimeters.

New methods for trace analysis of gamma-irradiated pentaerythritol tetranitrate

High explosives (HEs) are used in a diverse range of applications in which they could be exposed to various radiation levels that may cause potential chemical changes. This study further evaluated pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) that was previously aged with a low-level 2 kGy dose of gamma irradiation in order to understand chemical changes caused by irradiation. Both unirradiated PETN and gamma-irradiated PETN were analyzed using ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF). The resulting data were processed in a non-targeted manner using Fisher's ratio analysis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) to aid in discovery and identification of the chemical changes brought about by irradiation without a priori knowledge. The application of using UHPLC-QTOF in combination with chemometric techniques for the analysis of irradiated samples has not previously been performed. Here we show how to use this method to provide chemical information that would otherwise not be discernible, such as the discovery of degradation of the various homologues of PETN. Major differences identified with radiolytic aging of the PETN sample included decomposition products that resulted from the degradation of the trigger linkage – the O–NO2 bonds – resulting in the formation of alcohol and aldehyde groups. Similar degradation was also observed in the PETN homologues as well as interconversion from one homologue to another.

Comparison of the response of two scintillator detectors used in an environmental and occupational radiometric survey during the operation of the Argonauta reactor

The Argonauta research reactor at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering - IEN operates, under normal conditions, at powers ranging from 1.7 to 340 W, developing activities of a scientific-technological nature in the areas of neutron radiography, radionuclide production and conduction from experimental practices to graduate courses at CNEN research institutions and other Brazilian institutes of science and technology. During some security operations, the presence of investigators, students and/or operators inside and around the main hall of the Argonauta is required. Therefore, it is important to assess normal occupational exposure conditions when the reactor is in critical condition. This makes it possible to verify in greater detail the equivalent doses of ambient gamma radiation contained by the combustion of the fuel element inside the reactor room and in the surrounding areas, according to the Radiation Protection Plan (RPP) of this installation. In this work, a didactic activity was carried out to familiarize the students of the first period of the Master's Course in Nuclear Engineering, at the Military Institute of Engineering, with the procedures involved in the radiometric survey of the free, controlled and subsequent locations of this nuclear installation. This practice aims to identify the doses to which Occupationally Exposed Workers (OEW) and the general public are admitted, verifying compliance with regulatory requirements regarding the monitoring of environmental and local activities, as well as a comparison between the radiation monitors used.

Evaluation of gamma irradiation on medicinal plants for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acid

The aim of this study is to assess how gamma irradiation affects the chemical profiles of medicinal plants. Two different forms; methanol leaf extracts and dried leaves, of the three medicinal plants were investigated. Utilising FTIR, HPLC, and LCMS techniques, the qualitative measurement of gallic acid (GA) in three different medicinal plants for both plant extract and dried plant before and after the gamma radiation treatment was carried out. In the meantime, HPLC has been used to do a quantitative analysis of GA in these plants in order to show the percentage concentration of phenolic acid. For these medicinal herbs, the FTIR study revealed that both plant extract and dried plant had comparable functional groups both before and after gamma radiation therapy. The chromatogram of the HPLC profile for these medicinal plants was similar in chemical constituents before and after gamma irradiation, but the samples that were treated with gamma irradiation had a slight increase in intensity (between 0.0002-0.0009 Au). Additionally, gamma irradiation at levels of 6-12 kGy and 9-13 kGy caused the mass peak of GA to deteriorate in mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, the percentage concentration of GA increased significantly as the gamma radiation dose increased for both forms.

Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of a High Dose of Gamma Radiation on the Composition of Functional Groups in Potato Tubers

This article considers physicochemical changes in the composition of potato tubers gamma-irradiated to doses of 5000 kGy, as studied by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. Functional groups in the powders of skin, pulp, and juice of irradiated tubers have been examined. The carbonization and radiationinduced oxidation of the molecules of tuber constituents have been established. At doses above 1000 kGy, the hardness of tubers was completely lost, the integrity of the skin surface was violated, and an intense release ofjuice began. It has been found that γ-radiolysis at a dose to 5000 kGy does not lead to the complete destruction of chemical bonds in the structure of the main compounds contained in potato tubers.

Monitoring of &lt;sup&gt;37&lt;/sup&gt;C, &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr and &lt;sup&gt;40&lt;/sup&gt;Kin Sod-Podzolic Soils and Plants of Reference Sites of the Ivanovo Region

The results of radiation monitoring of sod-podzolic soils of reference agricultural plots of the Ivanovo region, conducted in 2014 and 2021, are presented. Background values of the specific activities of the studied radionuclides in the soils of reference sites have been established. According to the pollution density of the arable horizon of soils 137Cs and 90Sr, the level of the ecological situation was determined, which made it possible to attribute the soils of all reference areas of the region to uncontaminated territories suitable without restrictions for agricultural use. The power of the exposure dose of gamma radiation of soils and the contribution of 40K and 137Cs to the formation of the gamma background of soils were determined. Correlation analysis determined the influence of individual physical and chemical properties of soils on the behavior and distribution of radionuclides in the soil and the relationship between the content of the radionuclides themselves. Based on the values of the specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in plant products grown in 2014 and 2021, rows of cultivated plants with a decreasing ability to accumulate these radionuclides from the soil were constructed. All grown plant products of all types of crops fully met the veterinary standards required to limit the content of 137Cs and 90Sr in plant feeds (green mass, straw and feed grain). The coefficients of accumulation and transition of 137Cs and 90Sr from soil to plants are calculated. The coefficients of linear correlation between the values of the specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in soils and plants revealed the strength and nature of these dependencies.

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation Dose on the Yield and Acute Toxicity of Seed Potato Tubers of the Meteor Variety

The influence of the dose of presowing γ-irradiation of tubers on the anatomical and morphological structure, yield, and tasting properties of potatoes of the Meteor variety has been studied. Morphological disorders—beak-shaped and heart-shaped tubers of a large fraction and small tubers in the form of embryos—were found in potatoes grown from tubers irradiated with doses of 500–600 Gy, although no external anatomical and morphological differences were noted in the stems and leaves of potato plants in the course of the vegetative development regardless of the presowing irradiation dose of tubers. Irradiation of seed tubers with doses of 200–300 Gy led to the highest yield and profitability and the best tasting qualities of grown potatoes. Experiments on the toxicity of potato tubers irradiated with doses of 100–1500 kGy and juice released during their radiolysis with doses of 1200–5000 kGy showed no negative effect on the animals that consumed them. At the same time, the physiological processes of digestion, excretion, and metabolism in experimental animals were not inhibited and the level of glucose in their blood remained within physiological reference values. The experimentally established highest doses of γ-irradiation of potatoes and the doses of introducing aqueous dispersions of the irradiated products into mice (gram of substance per 1 kg of live weight of the animal) that did not cause clinical manifestations were 10 g/kg for powdered potato tubers irradiated with a dose of 1500 kGy and 20 g/kg for dried juice powder released in the course of irradiation of potato tubers with a dose of 2000 kGy.

Investigation of the changes in the electrical parameters of solar panels with the passage of operation time

After several years of using solar cells, its electrical parameters are degraded. in this paper, to simulate of aging, solar cells were exposed to the different doses of gamma radiation. The (I–V) characteristics of silicon solar cells were studied before and after gamma irradiation. Experimental results showed that the electrical parameter of solar panel such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and efficiency decrease with the increase of the gamma doses. As well as, dependence of Voc and Isc according to the absorbed dose for different illumination levels has been investigated.

Spectrum of chlorophyll mutations and morphological variations in Abelmoschus esculentus L. induced through gamma radiation

Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], is an economically exploited important traditional vegetable crop of the world. The present investigation examined the variability in induced chlorophyll mutants and othermorphological variations in okra. Seeds of two open pollinated popular varieties of okra namely Arka Anamika and Arka Abhay were irradiated with gamma doses of 30, 50 and 80 kR. The treatment 50 kR enhanced plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, single fruit weight and total fruit yield per plant. Spectrum of several chlorophyll mutants were observed in the M1 generation. Other macro-mutants such as early and late flowering types, dwarf statured plants, leaf and flower mutants were also noticed at different doses of gamma radiation. The total number of visible mutation followed a trend of increasing frequency with the increase in dose of radiation.

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON Salvia officinalis L. AND Melissa officinalis L. IN VITRO PLANTS

Salvia officinalis L. (sage) and Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) are two valuable medicinal plants from Lamiaceae family. Considering the therapeutic potential of sage and lemon balm extracts, there is currently great interest to increase the production of biological material and the synthesis of bioactive compounds by different methods. Both micropropagation and gamma irradiation represent efficient methods of stimulating the synthesis of bioactive compounds in plants. In order to produce biological material, it is important to establish the doses of gamma radiation that do not have a phytotoxic effect on plants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma irradiation (100, 300, and 500 Gy) on sage and lemon balm by quantifying of some biochemical compounds (assimilatory pigments, soluble carbohydrates, and total polyphenols) in in vitro plants. The results obtained revealed that high doses of gamma radiation have phytotoxic effect on in vitro raised plants. However, micropropagation is an efficient method to produce high quality biological material, source for obtaining extracts with therapeutic potential.

Nanostructure CuO thin film deposited by spray pyrolysis for technological applications

Nanostructured thin films of copper oxide (CuO) were deposited using a facile spray pyrolysis approach on glass substrates at controlled temperature setting of 400 °C. The creation of pure polycrystalline CuO with a tenorite transition, which has a monoclinic structural that is very viable for super-capacitors, was revealed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure of CuO film was improved with the γ-irradiation doses with a preferred orientation along (−111) before and after the irradiation. CuO thin film has a direct optical band gap according to the optical measurements, which generally increases with the gamma irradiation dose. The optical constants such as the dielectric constant's real and imaginary parts as well as the optical conductivity, the extinction coefficient, the refractive index, and the absorption coefficient have been measured and their values also decrease with the increase in irradiation dose. Utilizing cyclic voltammetry in a 1M KOH electrolyte, which demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance of 192.20 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 5 mVs−1, the electrochemical amazingly capabilities of CuO thin films were assessed. Importantly, CuO electrode impedance studies reveal that CuO is a viable material for super-capacitor applications.

Chornobyl radiation spikes are not due to military vehicles disturbing soil

On 25th February 2022, increased gamma radiation dose rates were reported within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). This coincided with Russian military vehicles entering the Ukrainian part of the CEZ from neighbouring Belarus. It was speculated that contaminated soil resuspension by vehicle movements or a leak from the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant complex may explain these spikes in radiation dose rates. The gamma dose rate monitoring network in the CEZ provides a crucial early warning system for releases of radioactivity to the environment and is part of the international safeguards for nuclear facilities. With the potential for further military action in the CEZ and concerns over nuclear safety, it is essential that such anomalous readings are investigated. We evaluate the hypotheses suggested to explain the apparent gamma dose rate increases, demonstrating that neither military vehicle-induced soil resuspension nor a leak from the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant are plausible. However, disruption of the Chornobyl base-station's reception of wireless signals from the gamma dose rate monitoring network in the CEZ may potentially explain the dose rate increases recorded.

Effects of Gamma Radiation Doses on the AC Electrical Properties of Epoxy Reinforced with Nano-Silica Composites

This study reports the effects of gamma radiation on the AC electrical properties of epoxy nano-silica composite sheets with an average thickness of 3 mm. Epoxy reinforced with different nano-silica concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt.%. The epoxy nano-silica composites were exposed to different gamma radiation dosages of 1, 3, and 5 kGy. The data were analyzed before and after gamma irradiation and the results showed that the AC electrical properties of the gamma-irradiated epoxy nano-silica composites varied from those of the non-irradiated samples. We found that there were significant changes in the impedance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC electrical conductivity values of the epoxy nano-silica composites after irradiation, and the AC electrical conductivity and dielectric constant values of the nano-silica composites were enhanced by exposing the samples to gamma radiation because more free electrons were released inside the epoxy nano-silica composites. The AC electrical properties, such as impedance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and electrical conductivity, of the epoxy nano-silica composites were studied and discussed before and after gamma radiation with different dosages. We found that these AC electrical properties marginally increased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation.

Dilute GaAs1−xBix epilayers with different bismuth concentrations grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: A promising candidate for gamma radiation sensor applications

Radiation interaction studies are very important for exploring the technological applications of new materials in radiation environments. This work reports the effect of gamma radiation dose on the structural and optical properties of dilute GaAs1−xBix epitaxial layers grown with different Bismuth contents by MBE on (100) GaAs substrates. The influence of radiation has been studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The samples were also characterized by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. Gamma radiation (γ-) was found to influence the optical properties of GaAs1−xBix epitaxial layers. From Raman measurements it was found that the concentration of holes increased when the samples were irradiated. This result is in good agreement with photoluminescence results, which showed that the intensity of the main peak increases after irradiation, indicating that the optical properties have improved for all samples. Furthermore, the XRD data revealed that for irradiated GaAs1−xBix samples, the crystallographic quality of the samples was slightly changed after irradiation. This result is consistent with the results of photoluminescence measurements, which demonstrated that the GaAs1−xBix samples exposed to 50 kGy dose showed an increase in photoluminescence and full width at half maximum for all irradiated samples.