Power Game Research Articles

Riddles for Kids

Children are the future of a society. Quality education is essential for a good future. To this end, it is necessary to develop children’s language, mental, and social skills. Skills such as thinking, understanding, guessing, questioning, and problem solving are also important. Various educational approaches and models are used to help children gain these skills. The most fun of these is the "Learning Approach by Play," which children adore. In this approach, learning and game activities are intertwined, and educational gamification is utilized so that learning is more effective. Educational games are categorized into two types: physical and mental games. Mental games include riddles, puzzles, and numeracy. Of these, the most common one is riddles, which are a mind game aimed at finding an entity or object whose qualities are implicitly described. Riddles have a significant place in our culture and is a rich source in education. These are passed down from generation to generation and used to educate children. Turkish riddles have various features in terms of style, content, genre, and structure. They are usually in verses, and include important clues and strong descriptions. They are rich and diverse in sound and meaning. In this respect, they make a significant contribution to the development of children’s language, mental, and social skills. In particular, they improve skills such as attention and focus, discovering clues, thinking, guessing, and making inferences. Therefore, it is important to utilize riddles for education purposes. It is also important that the selection of riddles in textbooks is based on scientific and educational principles.

Persia and Pericles’ Grand Strategy. Was the Peloponnesian War a Bipolar Hegemonic War?

It has remained popular, especially among international relations scholars, to conceptualize the Peloponnesian War in terms of a bipolar hegemonic struggle between Athens and Sparta. However, Thucydides’ depiction of the war, which inspired this view, has been criticized for eclipsing the roles of other Greek and non-Greek actors and their implications for the development of the war and thus oversimplifying the complexity of the war. In line with this criticism, this essay proposes positioning the Peloponnesian War in the context of the long-term evolution of the power struggle between the Greek cities and the Persian Empire during the fifth century BCE, stressing how the Persian factor continued, even after the end of the Greco-Persian Wars, to influence the strategic constellation in Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean, driving the Greek cities into complex strategic calculations. It reconstructs the Athenians’ cleavages regarding their city’s grand strategy and analyzes how Pericles’ war strategy reflected the strategic uncertainty and complexity deriving from Persia’s presence. As a chapter in the one-century long power game by Greek cities and the Persian Empire, the Peloponnesian War was a complex event to which the popular concepts such as bipolar hegemonic struggle hardly do justice, as this essay will show.

Searching to improve learning from complex animated basketball scenes: when decreasing the presentation speed is more efficient than using segmentation

ABSTRACT In two separate experiments, the authors investigated how a complex animated basketball scene should be designed in order to avoid the high cognitive load due to the transient nature of information. Using system-paced segments and decreasing the video’s presentation speed were tested as instructional strategies to reduce students’ cognitive load. The effectiveness of continuous versus segmented videos was explored in the first experiment. The second experiment compared the effectiveness of normal versus low levels of presentation speed. The results indicated that while the segmentation strategy has no significant effect on learning outcomes, students profited more from the low than the normal presentation speed, as evidenced by the more favourable relationship between mental effort investment and game performance. These findings suggest that decreasing the presentation speed is an efficient instructional strategy that helps to improve learning from complex animated basketball scenes.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING AS A DEVELOPMENT FACTOR PERSONALITIES OF YOUNGER SCHOOL STUDENT

The article discusses interactive learning and constant psychological support as a factor in the development of the personality of a younger student. The analysis of literary sources and empirical research have shown that it is interactive learning as a specific form of organizing cognitive activity that contributes to the creation of a favorable and safe environment, and helps younger schoolchildren to reveal their inner potential in the process of those activities that naturally ensure the self-development of a child's personality. It is proved that the use of new methods of interactive learning and constant psychological support increases the effectiveness of learning, develops the creative abilities of the individual, has a positive effect on the development of mental processes and mental development of students. In the process of empirical research, it was confirmed that in accordance with organized and selected in accordance with age, interactive forms of education and psychological games have a positive effect on such external factors as learning activity, communication, and the students' own activity. And accordingly, the organization of a favorable and safe environment makes it possible to realize the potential of a junior schoolchild as an active subject who learns the world and himself. A rather weighty argument of the experimental study was to confirm that a preliminarily thought out and planned favorable psychological learning environment allows children to feel completely safe, which in turn has a very positive effect on the significant and accelerated development of all mental processes in primary schoolchildren. The methods we used contributed to the conclusion that interactive learning, including psychological games with constant psychological support, allow the theoretical means of orientation in the surrounding reality to turn into the personal abilities of students. This confirms the hypothesis that interactive learning is indeed a factor in the development of the personality of a younger student. Considering the above, it was established that interactive learning has a significant effect on the development of all mental processes in primary school children, in particular attention, memory, imagination, and creativity. Based on the results obtained, we have developed and tested methodological recommendations for primary school teachers, GPA educators, practical psychologists in order to create a safe environment to ensure the positive impact of interactive learning on the development of the personality of a younger student. Summing up the results of the conducted empirical study of the influence of interactive learning on the development of the personality of primary schoolchildren, it should be noted that our creation of a safe and supportive environment using new methods of interactive learning has a positive effect on the development of mental processes in primary schoolchildren. The prospects for further research are the improvement of interactive teaching methods, in particular psychological games and their further implementation in the educational process.

Relation Between Indian Constitution and Democracy

Today the people in India are in a mood which comes rarely in the life of a country. They are looking forward starry eyed, to a new direction, a new era, a life. It is time not merely for a new budget or a new licensing policy or a new price structure. It is the moment for shaping and moulding a new society, for giving a new and clear orientation to the nation. The constitution is not a structure of fossils like a coral reef and is not intended merely to enable politicians to play their unending game of power. When a republic comes to birth, it is the leaders who produce the institutions. Later, it is the institutions which produce the leaders. In India’s case the established structures failed to give desired results. If the system of Parliamentary democracy had been worked in conformity with the objectives for which it has been established and the obligations and codes of conduct it imposes on politicians, political parties and their mutual relations, it would have constituted a most heart warming feature in finding a way out of the morass and confusion in which we are finding ourselves as a nation. In the words of T.S. Eliot, ‘we had the experience, but we missed the meaning’. We the Indians, know it well that our democratic institutions have not been worked in that manner. Our electorate is largely illiterate and not in a position to take an objective or critical view of the promises and performances of different political parties.

Health Promotion Practices and Michel Foucault: A Scoping Review.

To analyze Health Promotion (HP) practices in different settings worldwide, presented in studies that employed the Foucauldian framework. Scoping review performed on LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, BDENF, SciELO, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We included original articles, review articles, reflection articles, and case studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, which addressed HP practices, analyzed using the Foucauldian framework. In the numerical synthesis, the characteristics of the included studies were described: number of studies, types of method, year of publication, characteristics of the study population, origin countries, and the HP practices addressed in the articles. The thematic synthesis was organized according to the nature of the HP practices presented and the Foucauldian analysis matrix used. The review covered 34 studies, published between 2006 and 2019, whose analysis resulted in 2 thematic synthesis: 1) HP as a biopolitical strategy in the neoliberal context; 2) HP as an expression of resistance and counter-conduct, presenting tensions, struggles, and power games. The field of HP mostly consists of governmentality practices that reinforce the neoliberal health perspective. Some practices show resistance and counter-conduct in the face of governmentality practices, which explains the power relationships in the field of HP.

DEHB’li Çocuklara Uygulanan Oyun Programının Öncesi ve Sonrasında Semptom Düzeylerinin Kontrol Grubuyla Karşılaştırılması

The present study aims primarily to examine the direction and significance of the changes in family and teacher scales before and after the application of a game program in an experimental group. As a secondary aim, the study examines whether a significant difference exists between the change scores of the family and teacher evaluation scales in a control group to which the game program was not applied, and those of the experimental group. This semi-empirical research made use of three experimental groups of mind games, Mikado and computer games, matched with three control groups, each of which comprised 16 people. Included in the study were 96 students with ADHD, aged 8–11 and studying in Kocaeli-Izmit, and who were selected for the study through a stepwise purpose sampling approach and a simple randomization method. In the research were used CPRS, CTRS and DIF scales. The garnered data were subjected to a bidirectional variance analysis, a t-test for dependent samples and a Bonferroni multiple comparison test. According the findings of the research, the applied games were found to have a positive effect in decreasing the symptoms of ADHD, including inattention, hyperactivity, learning problems and anxiety, while no improvement was noted in the behavioral problem and psychotic symptoms subscale. It was determined that the games implemented in the study reduced the symptoms of children with ADHD.

Innovations in an institutionalised higher education system: the role of embedded agency

This paper explores how a novel university governance model at Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), largely learned from the West, has been implemented in the highly institutionalised and centralised Chinese higher education system. For this purpose, we first constructed an analytical framework, integrating the conceptualisation of an innovation process in higher education and the concept of embedded agency. This framework was then applied to analyse eight interviews, seven policy documents and six news media reports in our empirical investigation of the case university. Our major research findings are: the governance model adopted by SUSTech was a disruptive innovation and it was mostly challenged by the incompatibility between the norms around the governance model and the institutional context of Chinese higher education; this challenge was mitigated through three agency strategies, labelled by the metaphors of new wine in a new bottle, new wine in an old bottle and old wine in a new bottle. Successfully implementing these strategies calls on the visions, skills of playing power games and social capital of those initiating the innovation. Finally, we discuss the theoretical contribution and practical implications of the study in the conclusion.

A connected history of eastern Christianity in Syria and Palestine and European cultural diplomacy (1860–1948)

ABSTRACT The special issue critically explores, at a micro and macro level, the structural role and religious, cultural and political interactions of the Greek-Orthodox, Melkite and Syriac communities in late Ottoman and Mandate Syria and Palestine. It seeks to identify archival gaps, and to link the study of the micro-scale level of everyday cultural and religious life to the macro-narratives of global change affecting Christian communities, in a connected perspective, via dynamics of cultural and religious personal and institutional interactions. The Christian communities, both as institutions and lay bodies, are of special interest for the field of Levantine studies, since they were placed at the heart of the local power game, expressing the quest for social emancipation, while also keeping close links with diplomatic actors, colonial institutions, and foreign religious agents. The research presented lies on the idea that the communities in focus were inextricably linked, being actors operating within the same multi-ethnic periphery, having the same legal status, and being in contact to foreign agents, while at the same time politically dependent to the centralized ottoman and mandatory authorities.

«Сверхтекст» Е.И. Замятина о деве-воительнице. Статья первая

This article deals with Yevgeny Zamyatin’s “hypertext” about the female warrior, i.e. with the totality of her manifestations in the works of the writer and the semantic continuum that they form. This type of character is defined as a heroine with outstanding physical abilities (such as strength, horse-riding and shooting skills, etc. – and also great beauty), a strong, proud personality, persistence, ability to fight back, determination to gain the upper hand, to win at all costs – especially in the game of power and armed conflict with the male character that is in love with the heroine and/or is loved by her. The author identifies Zamyatin’s works in which the woman warrior appears, analyzes the plot functions and the characteristic motif complex associated with this image. The author demonstrates that the female warrior represents a very frequent type of heroine in Zamyatin’s works: the image appears at the beginning of his career as a writer, in the short story “Kryazhi” (1915), and accompanies him until the end, manifesting itself in the screenplays written in the 1930s. The author reveals that a specific variant of the plot featuring the female warrior is implemented in Zamyatin’s works: the heroine is shown as equal in strength with the male character, and the test of power happens, in particular in the form of a literal duel. Whatever its outcome is and whoever wins, the storyline usually finishes with the death of one or both characters – either during the combat or as its remote consequence. While the type of the plot is usually the same, the female character itself shows a wide variety: there are Valkyrie-like heroines (Ildegonda in the play Atilla), polenitsas from Russian bylina songs (such as Nastasya Mikulishna in the screenplay “Dobrynya” or Marya in “Kryazhi”), Mongolian women warriors (Bortè, Ulek), and even contemporary heroines of this type (Zinaida in the screenplay “The God of Dance”). Usually such characters are attributed in Zamyatin to the legendary epic past or rooted in “folk archaics”; they belong to the rural world, to the Russian village. The constant topoi and the evolution of the female warrior in Zamyatin’s artistic works are revealed; in particular, such motifs as love–hate, test of strength (in the form of a duel or a competition), mutual intendedness of two “strong ones” and their tragic non-encounter are considered. The author notes that the supervalue of the female warriors in Zamyatin’s works is love, while for some other writers of the Silver Age, for instance, for Marina Tsvetaeva or Lyubov Stolitsa, such values were female agency, independence, control over one’s life, freedom, or even spiritual salvation. The play Atilla and its heroine Ildegonda are analyzed particular detail; the sources of this image are revealed.

Ramy odniesienia w analizie transakcyjnej

The presence of reference frameworks in psychology is complemented by the existence of this concept in transactional analysis. In their current understanding, they are the structure of interrelated responses from the integrated ego-state to specific stimuli. Reference frameworks provide an individual with the opportunity to develop a general perceptual, intellectual and emotional system that influences his behaviour. They constitute a system used to define oneself, other people and the world. The system of reference is present in the individual’s script, his psychological games and transactions. As far as transactions are concerned, they are often tangential, blocking, or refracted. Apart from individual reference frameworks, transactional analysis is interested in their broader social and cultural contexts, which constitute their subsystem functioning as a source of identity. It reveals itself during intercultural exchanges or confrontations. Reference frameworks, being a kind of a window to the world, influence interpersonal relations and the links that exist within them

“Você me paga, bandido!”: Cruzamentos dialógicos entre narrativa literária e judicial de violência doméstica

This article explores parallels between literary narratives and judicialnarratives about domestic violence, based on the Bakhtinian dialogic concept oflanguage. The article takes the short story “Você me paga, bandido!” by DaltonTrevisan and compares and contrasts it with narrative excerpts from judgmentsof the Superior Court of Justice concerned with the ‘Maria da Penha’ Law. Thisdiscursive-literary approach discusses gender issues that permeate domestic vio-lence in Brazil and its treatment by the legal system after the advent of this law.The analyses explore more recurrent dialogical links that permeate the narratives,such as guilt mitigation, power games, notions of jealousy, honor, drunkenness,male dignity, female resistance and the trivialization of violence. We believe thatthe discursive-literary approach developed here can support interdisciplinary ac-tion both in the penal treatment of domestic violence, and in its prevention througheducational measures.

ПОЛІТИЧНИЙ ПОВОРОТ У ФІЛОСОФІЇ НАУКИ

The subject of the connection between science and politics is a modern trend in the research of philosophers of science. Focusing on the analysis of the relationship between science and politics from the standpoint of the social philosophy of science, the study aims to represent a political turn in the philosophy of science and epistemology. The methodological basis of the study are the strategies and approaches of the social philosophy of science. This is an interdisciplinary approach that allows to build bridges between the philosophy of science and political philosophy. The methodological strategy of social epistemology is used in understanding knowledge as power game in the post-truth era. The author, based on interdisciplinary links, considers social epistemology and social philosophy of science as modern trends that focus research on understanding the strategy of individual and collective action of scientists. Scientific novelty is to justify a turn to the social and political philosophy of science, which makes it possible to analyze the relationship between science and politics from social approval and justification of science to the problem of trust in science and scientific knowledge, from the politics of science to the politics of knowledge. In the post-truth era, facts play less of a role than subjective judgments, feelings, beliefs, and emotions. Verification of knowledge plays a much smaller role, and the coherence of statements, completeness of information or conscience of its source are of less interest to recipients. Knowledge becomes a game, and truth becomes a reward in this game.

Підготовка майбутніх учителів початкової школи до профілактики проявів булінгу серед школярів

The article reveals the main aspects of preparing future primary school teachers for the prevention of bullying among schoolchildren. The content of psychological and physical forms of bullying in an educational institution is determined, the mechanisms of manifestation of signs of violence in the educational process according to D. Olveus are characterized; the indicators of the readiness of future teachers to prevent bullying in the educational space of an elementary school are determined, the role structure of bullying is revealed. The directions of the formation of competencies in the course of preparing future primary school teachers for the prevention of bullying are characterized: formation of competencies for involving junior schoolchildren in information campaigns of educational institutions, psychological and pedagogical trainings and individual programs for prevention of bullying; formation of competencies for conducting interactive forms of learning, which will provide an opportunity to develop skills and abilities of effective dialogic interaction with all participants in the educational process; formation of competencies to involve parents in trainings-seminars, thematic conversations, psychological and pedagogical games that will increase pedagogical awareness, literacy of all participants in the educational process in aspects of anti-bullying education of children. Thus, the generalization of scientific positions on the process of violence and bullying makes it possible to define it as a long-term and systematic aggression, which can take physical and psychological forms, make up a large part of the social life of primary school children.

Comment apprivoiser son public avec un robot dit social ?

This article explores and analyzes how a robot maker (Hanson Robotics, HR) uses mainstream social media as leverage to “tame” audiences. The object of the study is the so-called social robot SOPHIA, particularly her digital presences. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of data on the main social media accounts, in particular the facebook page, Twitter account, Pinterest, Linkedin, Instagram and YouTube channel from March 15, 2017 to April 20, 2020. Following the mapping of the communicational assemblage and ecosystem an analysis of the discourse produced, we propose the term “ventriloquist artificial sentience” to understand this communicational phenomenon, comparable to the “mechanical Turk” of fake Chess machines, blurring the lines between commercial communication and the mind game of human-robot interaction.

Development of Mind Game with Heartbeat Sharing

Development of Mind Game with Heartbeat Sharing

Conservative-Progressive Power Games, Mutual Jostling in Africa and Resilience of Sino-African Relations under COVID-19 Wind

By taking the subprime crisis as its historical fact of analysis and game theory as its theoretical explanatory basis, this paper aims to explain and demonstrate why Sino-African relations may well withstand in the ongoing “conservative-progressive power games” in Africa under COVID-19 wind, even though they are being further jostled by the “conservative’s offensive”. To support my central point, I start from the assumption that, as was just the case with the subprime crisis, the socioeconomic and financial dimension will once again become a compass [but also a barometer] in the decisions and actions of all the states at stake—the “conservatives”, the “progressives”, as well as the different African countries. Thus, the improvement of the socioeconomic and financial situation on its own territory will become the major challenge of almost all these states at stake. And China, which is less affected by the socioeconomic and financial crisis caused by COVID-19 than the “conservatives”, will be well able to bear the costs of its increasing engagement on the African continent. Although a relative decline or quasi-stagnation of its engagement on the continent can be noted—but rather less than in the case of the “conservatives”, due of course to the comparative shocks of this crisis caused by COVID-19 on their economic activities. In this same logic, another explanatory point is that, if Sino-African relations fall, a big hole will be left in African economies—because of China’s pronounced economic integration in Africa. A hole that the “conservatives”—hit hard by this crisis due to COVID-19, will not be able to fill during this critical moment, in the sense of satisfying the demands of Africa—which is also hit hard by the same crisis. Finally, the game theory as an explanatory theoretical basis, via the five (5) points game, imagined in terms of gain on the African continent, according to the costs of “conservative-progressive engagements”—which are conditioned here by the socioeconomic and financial crisis due to COVID-19, demonstrates as well this affirmation of the resistance of Sino-African relations. In this game, following the assumptions put forward, the most possible scenario is the one that affirms that: Sino-African relations and “conservatives” both withstand. Because, China, less affected by the socioeconomic and financial crisis due to COVID-19, will still be able to bear the costs of its engagement on the African continent. But also, in the case of the fall of the “conservatives”, China alone will not be able to fully cover the gap left by them due to the crisis caused by COVID-19, which also negatively impacted its economy and finances. And the point remains to think about the post- COVID-19 scenario of these “conservative-progressive power games” on the African continent.

Hubristic Manipulation and Caleb(an) Resistance in Ex Machina

This paper investigates the literary/psychological manifestations in Ex Machina through analysing hubristic attitudes and morally driven resistance to unbridled hegemony. It traces the ways Garland externalized the conflict between human unethical superego and humane alter ego. The modern man’s aspiration to play god through developing a fully sentient AI droid is critically discussed in comparison with the Prospero-Caliban conflict in Shakespeare’s The Tempest as well as Ovid’s Pygmalion. The power game played throughout the drama is also probed in terms of Nathan’s manipulation of Caleb, Caleb’s resistance to Nathan’s hegemony and Ava’s eventually successful counter-manipulations. Besides, it attempts to explore the potentials of psychorobitc art as cinematically featured.

Twenty Years of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) started from solving boundary issues, grew from counter-terrorism cooperation, developed and deepened in political, economic, cultural, educational and other fields of cooperation, and gradually developed into a new model of multilateral cooperation. This paper intends to outline the main achievements, challenges and prospects of the SCO after the two decades of its existence. After debate and discussion, the results that emerge from this paper show that over the past 20 years since the SCO establishment in June 2001, its concept of cooperation has been constantly enriched and developed. Its cooperation mechanism has been constantly enriched and improved; and its areas of cooperation have been expanded. However, with its development over time and the advancement of its cooperation practices, the SCO also faces challenges and development difficulties on its way forward; these include the facts of: the intensification of great power game in the region, the weakness of the sense of community between its member states and the transformation of cooperation pattern faces after expansion. Looking ahead, the Shanghai Spirit will guide its multilateral cooperation vision. The SCO mechanism provides an important guarantee for its multilateral cooperation ahead. The new type of international relations will serve as an important driving force for its multilateral cooperation vision. Based on our findings, this paper reasoned that the SCO is fully capable of exerting greater influence and delivering greater results in the years to come.

An Extensive Evolutionary Mental Game Model for the Mandatory Evacuation of Protesters by Police

The street protests and other mass demonstrations that have occurred frequently in recent years have resulted in considerable political pressure and have destabilized countries. How governments respond to such emergencies, and whether to evacuate protesters quickly, has been one of the most important public management challenges facing modern governments. In the case of evacuating protesters through police force, issues to consider include the cognitive differences among the conflicting parties and the cost-benefit considerations between the alternative strategies of mandatory evacuation and compromise. In this paper, the evolutionary dynamic of the mandatory evacuation of protesters by police is analyzed by extensive evolutionary game theory. Considering the cognitive differences among the conflicting parties, mental models of the interactions between government officials and protesters are constructed, which can not only avoid the uncertainty of evolutionary equilibrium but also consider the belief learning in the interior of the dynamic stage game. The evolutionary dynamic analysis of the mandatory evacuation of protesters is subsequently performed. To verify the effectiveness of the model set out, a multiagent simulation analysis based on a real case study of the Ningbo PX incident is presented. Furthermore, the decision-making related to police evacuation of protesters is based on the cost-benefit analysis between mandatory evacuation and compromise, the minimal number of police required, and the on-the-spot deployment plans of the police. The analysis shows that when facing protesters marching along a street, the evacuation measures are more effective if the police actions target the first several rows of protesters. However, in the case of protesters gathering near iconic buildings (or surrounding their demonstration leaders), the emergency plan of the mandatory evacuation of the protesters is less effective.