Galvanic Skin Reflex Research Articles

А. F. Samoilov at scientific meetings of the Kazan Clinical Institute in 1921-1924

Since 1921, at the monthly scientific meetings of the Kazan Clinical Institute, opened in 1920, later renamed the Kazan Institute for the Improvement of Physicians, GIDUV, the head of the Department of Physiology of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kazan University, a world-famous physiologist, made presentations and debates more than once, one of the creators of the theory of electrocardiography and neuromuscular transmission, Professor A. F. Samoilov. A scientist with an encyclopedic education, he generously shared his knowledge with an audience of doctors, took an active part in the development of the scientific life of the Kazan Clinical Institute. His reports at scientific meetings familiarized physicians with the results of the experimental work of the physiological laboratory of A. F. Samoilov at Kazan University, with the works and scientific position of famous physiologists. Scientific meetings, speeches and the presence of prominent scientists of Kazan, rich in form and content of discussions of reports, scientific discussions have become a school of creative thinking for the young generation of doctors and scientists of the Kazan Clinical Institute — GIDUV. The article for the first time presents materials about these speeches by A. F. Samoilov about G. Helmholtz, J. Loeb, recordings of heart sounds, about the galvanic skin reflex, about setting up a scientific and educational process at universities in the USA and Europe.

Clinical case of Parry–Romberg syndrome

PParry–Romberg syndrome, also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a rare clinical entity of unknown origin with atrophy of skin and subcutaneous fat changes. A classic case of Parry–Romberg syndrome in a woman age 43 is presented. Initial facial changes appeared at the age of 20 years amid complete well-being and in the next 21 years a subcutaneous fat atrophy of the left half face developed, resulting in characteristic deformity changes. No other complaints and manifestations of the disease (epileptic seizures, headache, involvement of the other half of the face and/or extremities) were present at the timeof survey. The analysis of blink reflex, galvanic skin reflex, needle electromyography of the m. orbicularis oris from two sides, computed tomography of the skull bones revealed no pathological changes. The face infrared thermography confirmed asymmetric reduction of temperature on the ipsilateral side. Magnetic resonance scan showed hypotrophy of the left masticatory muscle, the left submandibular salivary gland, thinning of subcutaneous fat layer, changes in the white matter of the brain. Despite the typical clinical features the Parry - Romberg syndrome is a diagnostic challenge known and it is necessary to inform doctors about the latest achievements in the study of etiology, management and prognosis of the disorder.

The significance of psychiatric disorders in criminal conduct

Abstract: Analysis of convicts’ cerebral (neuropsychiatric) pathology in order to optimize their resocialization, improve social adaptation, quality of life and achieve goals of criminal punishment in the sphere of prevention of criminal behavior. Material and methods . 250 men aged between 35 and 50 years were examined. The first survey sample consisted of convicted (n = 50). They committed robbery, brigandage, rape, disorderly conduct, inflicted bodily injury (age — 43.6 ± 2.6 years). These crimes imply violence against the victim. The second (control) survey sample included those (n = 200) who had no previous convictions (age — 42.4 ± 2.8 years). The sampling is ran-dom and representative. Clinical examination (research), as well as electroencephalography, electrocardiography, galvanic skin reflex, psychological research (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Spilberger test (STAI)) and other brain studies was carried out. Result and conclusion . The neurotic complaints were more frequent among convicts. Neurological symptoms of brain lesions were more frequent among the convicts. The dif -ference between the first and the second survey sample was statistically significant. The majority of surveyed convicts had thought disorders. They poorly predicted consequences of their actions. Cerebral pathology impairs the ability to perceive universal human values, rules of society. Peculiarities of such person’s cerebral pathology are reduced to an inability to exercise control over the lawful behavior. A person with cerebral disorders is more prone to criminal behavior. We discuss the possibility of criminals’ resocialization by means of treating cerebral disorders. Convicted need cerebral metabolism restoration therapy. This will improve axonal communication and structural and functional neuronal activity. Ethiopatogenetic therapy of cerebral disorders contributes to the re-socialization of convicts, im-provement of social adaptation, quality of life, crime prevention. The study complements clinical criminology theory.

Usefulness of galvanic skin reflex monitor in CT-guided thoracic sympathetic blockade for palmar hyperhidrosis

Computed tomography (CT)-guided thoracic sympathetic blockade with ethanol was performed while monitoring sympathetic nerve activity, with an alternating current (AC) galvanic skin reflex (GSR) monitor, in a patient with palmar hyperhidrosis in whom endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy was impossible because of pleural adhesion. Sweating was suppressed after the thoracic sympathetic blockade, and the monitor showed a significant increase in skin resistance. The effect of sympathetic blockade could be evaluated directly and in real time using a GSR monitor.

Safely Contacting Task with Human Body by Master-Assisted Robot Using Galvanic Skin Reflex.

A cooperative control approach between human and robot is important for an assisting robot coexisting with humans in medical service and welfare. The safety measures against the human are important function for the human-robot coexistence system in which a robot makes contact with a part of the human body. In order to relieve a human from pricking pain, a safety of the human is quantitatively evaluated based on an awful feeling and an uncomfortable feeling detected using galvanic skin reflex which expresses emotions of the humans. In this paper, the degree of cooperation between human operator and robot is adequately adjusted by the fuzzy reasoning based on the psychological safety of the human who is assisted by the robot. The proposed cooperative control system is applied to a pneumatic robot with three degrees of freedom. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to ensure the safety of the experimental subject by measuring the personal feelings.

舞踊作品鑑賞時における情動性自律反応 : 皮膚電気反射を中心に

The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in Galvanic Skin Reflex (GSR) and Heart Rate (HR) while appreciating a dance piece under various conditions and while imagining it, and to survey the time errors while imagining it. Conditions for appreciating the dance piece were as follows: I: audio and visual II: only accompaniment music (audio) III: only picture (visual) The length of the dance piece used in this study was about 10 minutes. Subjects were 12 female university students (4 performers of this piece, 4 students of the department of dance, and 4 general students), aged from 20 to 23 years. Results of the experiment were as follows: 1) In the group of performers, the rate of increase of HR was rather high under all conditions (from 16% to 34%). The group for which this rate was particularly high during imagining included not only performers but other students of the department of dance. 2) In the group of performers, there were similarities between the GSR patterns while appreciating the piece. In the group of students of the department of dance, the GSR pattern under condition I was similar to that under condition II. In the group of general students, there weren't similarities between the GSR patterns under any conditions. 3) In the case of a subject whose level of dance was advanced, the GSR pattern under condition I was similar to that during imagining. The results can be summarized by saying that the emotional autonomic response while appreciating a dance piece has something to do with experience of dancing. Similarities between the GSR patterns while appreciating and while imagining a dance piece, show that skill in dancing is significant factor.

Instantaneous measurement of electrical parameters in a palm during electrodermal activity

The determination of impedance can be performed by means of a frequency-domain analysis or a time-domain analysis. The latter has the advantage of being able to measure instantaneously all the frequency characteristics of impedance. The method is hence well suited to obtain the biological impedance which changes with time. An instantaneous method of measuring skin impedance, by using time-domain analysis has thus been developed. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the step response for current to the skin can determine the palm impedance. This method can carry out the determination of the parameters of the palm skin impedance during a galvanic skin reflex (GSR), which is impossible by means of frequency-domain analysis.

Concept and Realization of Interactive Adaptation Interface Using Recursive Fuzzy Reasoning

We design a machine that adapts to the user considering his/her personal differences. This paper deals with the interactive relationship between both user and machine as they try to adapt to each other. We call this relationship interactive adaptation. The interactive adaptation interface (IAI/F) is an intelligent interface that is designed based on interactive adaptation. This interface changes the characteristics of the system according to the given task, considering the state of the user, such as skill level, technique, characteristics, and physical conditions. We propose a design and a method for realization of IAI/F, based on recursive fuzzy reasoning. As an application example, we present a virtual-reality simulation game and apply the proposed IAI/F based on the user's performance and the galvanic skin reflex (G.S.R.). We present the system considering interactive adaptation, and show some experimental results and statistical evaluation results to discuss its effectiveness.

皮膚電気反射に基づくロボット運動の心理的評価に関する考察

皮膚電気反射に基づくロボット運動の心理的評価に関する考察

Evaluation of Human Emotion caused by Robot Motion using Galvanic Skin Reflex

Evaluation of Human Emotion caused by Robot Motion using Galvanic Skin Reflex

Measurement of Galvanic Skin Reflex evoked by Valsalva's stimulation

Measurement of Galvanic Skin Reflex evoked by Valsalva's stimulation

皮膚電気反射の低意識レベルにおける特微とその睡眠計測への応用

皮膚電気反射の低意識レベルにおける特微とその睡眠計測への応用

Periaqueductal gray inhibition of viscerointercostal and galvanic skin reflexes

In adult cats anesthetized with urethan-chloralose, effects of descending volleys from the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) upon the viscerointercostal and galvanic skin reflexes were studied. (1) The viscerointercostal reflex (VIR) was evoked by electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve and was recorded from the 11th, 12th or 13th intercostal nerve. Conditioning stimuli applied to the PAG inhibited the VIR. The inhibition was particularly marked when the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) or its immediately adjacent ventromedial PAG was stimulated. (2) A train of pulses was required in order to produce a recognizable PAG/NRD inhibition of the VIR. When the PAG/NRD was stimulated at 300–500 Hz, stimulation-produced inhibition became more pronounced in parallel with increase in number of pulses in each train and levelled off at about 5 pulses. The most effective frequency of PAG/NRD stimulation was found within this frequency range. (3) Degree of PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was dependent upon the strength of the test stimulus applied to the splanchnic nerve; the weaker the test stimulus, the more marked the inhibition. (4) PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was completely eliminated by bilateral section of the dorsolateral funiculi. The same section enhanced the VIR per se. It was suggested that PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR is mediated by descending pathways in the ipsi- as well as contralateral dorsolateral funiculi, and that the VIR per se is tonically inhibited by descending impulses in these pathways. (5) PAG/NRD stimulation inhibited the segmental polysynaptic reflex in the intercostal nerve, but had little effect on the segmental monosynaptic reflex in the same nerve. (6) Intravenous administration of morphine suppressed the VIR. The suppression was antagonized by intravenous naloxone. In contrast, PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was unaffected by intravenous naloxone. (7) Electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve evoked the galvanic skin reflex (GSR) from the forepaw pad. The GSR was inhibited by electrical stimulation of the PAG/NRD. The PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the GSR was completely eliminated by intravenous administration of naloxone (0.4 mg/kg).

Modern method and instrument for measuring psychic performance

This paper shows that cortical processing of information quantity can be given in bits, while speed of information processing can be given in bit/sec; therefore the information processing ability can be denoted in algebraical expression. Changes of emotional tension can be objectified by galvanic skin reflex and pulse reaction. This method and device is suitable to measure psychic state of space station personnel and to predict psychic activity.

Counselling with biofeedback: a review

Abstract Biofeedback increasingly appears to be used as an aid to specified counselling goals. A typical counselling situation using galvanic skin reflex (skin biofeedback) is analysed. The ethical and practical challenges involved in biofeedback-aided counselling are considered.

Counselling with Biofeedback: A Review

Abstract Biofeedback increasingly appears to be used as an aid to specified counselling goals. A typical counselling situation using galvanic skin reflex (skin biofeedback) is analysed. The ethical and practical challenges involved in biofeedback-aided counselling are considered.

Sympathetic responses evoked by vestibular stimulation and their interactions with somato-sympathetic reflexes

In chloralose anesthetized cats mass reflex discharges of the renal sympathetic nerve were recorded following stimulations of low threshold, large myelinated afferents in vestibular and superficial peroneal nerves. Reflex responses caused by stimuli applied to both nerves were quite similar; a brief excitatory phase was followed by a long inhibitory phase or “silent period”. Decerebration did not have any appreciable effects on either reflex but decerebellation (in addition to decerebration) greatly increased the excitatory response and shortened the inhibitory phase or “silent period” of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex. The somato-sympathetic reflex response however, was not much altered by this procedure. When a vestibular nerve stimulus, given as a conditioning shock, preceded a testing stimulus applied to the cutaneous nerve by less than 300 msec, the test response was completely inhibited. The “recovery curve” of this conditioning—testing response showed that after decerebellation the inhibitory effect of vestibular conditioning stimulus on testing response was much reduced. The autonomic effector responses, blood pressure, heart rate and galvanic skin reflex (GSR) following low intensity stimulation of vestibular and cutaneous nerves were also studied. Repetitive stimulations applied to either nerves evoked a depressor response and augmented GSRs but caused no significant changes in heart rate. Decerebellation reduced the depressor response produced by

トルエン・ガス暴露の自律神経系機能に及ぼす影響に関する実験的研究

The physiological functions of man exposed for 6 hours (9.00-12.00 and 13.00-16.00) to 200 ppm concentration of toluene gas were polygraphically investigated to obtain the data substantiating the maximum allowable concentration in industrial hygiene.Subjects consisted of volunteers of healthy 10 male students (age : 18-22). They were divided into 2 groups (controls : 5 and those exposed to the gas : 5), they laid on the bet 6 hours a day, for consecutive two days and only on the 2nd day the exposure group was exposed to 200 ppm concentration of toluene gas. The functions in each subject during the last 1 hour on both days were compared, and the tendency of the phenomena for 2nd days was compared between 2 groups.Results thus obtained were as follows : 1) Evoked and spontaneous galvanic skin reflex : Any change was not observed.2) Evoked vasoconstriction by finger-plethysmography : Any change was not observed.3) Heart rate : The toluene-gas group had a tendency of statistically significant rise.4) Respiration rate : The toluene-gas group had a tendency of rise, but it was not significant statistically.5) Cerebral activity from EEG : The toluene-gas group had a tendency of rise in cerebral activity, but this was not significant statistically.

看視作業の生理機能に及ぼす影響

The present study was undertaken in order to investigate experimentally the changes ofphysiological functions in a vigilance task. There were two experiments. Experiment I was performed on healthy male students of an university to determine the effect of signal rates on physiological functions, detection performance and subjective feelings in a vigilance task. Experiment II was performed to compare the changes of physiological functions, performance (detection per-formance, correctness, output) and subjective feelings in a vigilance with those in a continuous arithmetical calculation task.In the experiment I, the heart rate in the task employing middle signal rates (task I) showeda higher tendency than that in the task employing low signal rates (task II), while the respiratory rate, the amplitude of plethysmogram and the galvanic skin reflex (GSR) frequency showed ap-proximately the same value in both tasks.The level of the detection performance in task I was generally similar to that in task II.The subjects reported that task I was easily performed as compare with task II which wasmore boresome.In the experiment II the increment of the heart rate did not occur during the vigilance taskemploying low signal rates, whereas it occurred during the calculation task and the heart rate decreased after the task. GSR frequency increased with the onset of both tasks, giving a higher value during the calculation task than during the vigilance task and showing a decrease after both tasks. The decreased amplitude of the plethysmogram did not appear at the beginning of the vigilance task, whereas it had a tendency to appear at the beginning of the calculation task.Although the vigilance task evoked mainly subjective feelings such as boredom and drowsiness, the calculation task evoked a strained state and local fatigue of the right hand and arm. The subjects reported that the calculation task tended to be performed with ease as compared with the vigilance task.There was no correlation between detection performance in the vigilance task and correctness or output in the calculation task.From the above results it seems that a slight acceleration of physiological functions are necessary to maintain a relatively suitable state in the human body and that comparatively unpaced task such as calculation is a relatively suitable state for subjective feelings as compared with the vigilance task which is passively performed, though a higher acceleration of the physiological functions occurs during the calculation task. It is assumed that it may be necessary to consider not only the levels of the physiological functions, but also a psychological state which is affected by the experimental conditions in these mental tasks.

A Study on the Removal of Dental Calculi by the Use of Ultrasonic Scaler

The removal of dental calculi is one of the basic concepta in the maintenance of proper oral health and is fundamental in every form of dental treatment, being particularly important in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Because of the heavy clinical load of the dentist today, however, coupled with an increasing number of patients requiring the dental care, the removal of dental calculi is not always carried out in an adequate manner.On the other hand, recent efforts have introduced various kinds of mechanical instruments for scaling to replace the manual instruments hitherto in use. More efficient scaling is expected from the use of these mechanical means.Of the mechanical scaling instruments, one which uses utrasonic waves has been extensively studied not only abroad (Zinner, Johnson, Goldman among others), but also in Japan (Nakashizu, Konishi, Imagawa among others). Although these investigators confirmed the usefulness of an ultrasonic scaler, they pointed out the main disadvantage of this instrument in its possible injury to the cementum.For purposes of examining the merits and demerits of this scaling instrument comparatively, the author has undertaken the present study consisting of the following 5 items: i) comparison of scaling time between the ultrasonic and hand scalers owing to the difference of the deposition of calculi and their hardness, ii) the incidence of wounds on the dental surface and its relation to the polishing; iii) the subjective feelings of the patients, pain and bleeding associated with the scaling operation; iv) examinations of the vital reaction in terms of the number of heart beats, pulse and galvanic skin reflex (G.S.R.); and v) comprehensive evaluation of the scaling by the ultrasonic device based on these findings.The following are the salient conclusions arrived at as the result of the aforementioned study.1. The amount of calcular deposition and hardness were determined by the author as preliminary step. For the determination, recourse was had to visual inspection and palpation by means of an explorer.With a total sample of 148 males and females, the lower 3 anteriors on the right and left were respectively subjected to scaling by a hand scaler and an ultrasonic scaler, this combination being alternated from subject to subject. The comparison of scaling time revealed that the same operation with a hand scaler (461.8 seconds) took less than half as long with ultrasonic device (216.8 seconds). This difference was also true as regards the amount of calcular deposition and hardness. When there was a larger deposition with a corresponding increase in the hardness, the ultrasonic device was found to be far more effective.2. Since the calculi are mechanically removed, some kind of wounds are apt to be inflicated on the dental surface.The greater portion of calcular deposition takes place on the cervical region and extends to the cementum boundaries. For this reason, wounds on the cementum cannot be ignored. There are known several interpretations of the problem, but, within the scope of the present stundy, wounds were detected in both of these regions. The incidence of wounds was smaller in the case of the ultrasonic scaler as compared with the hand scaler. It was also established that, by paying sufficient attention to the operating angle of a scaler tip, it was possible to prevent the incidence of wounds on the dental surface to a large extent.In terms of electric current output, low output Produced fever wounds than hign output.