Periaqueductal gray inhibition of viscerointercostal and galvanic skin reflexes

Abstract

In adult cats anesthetized with urethan-chloralose, effects of descending volleys from the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) upon the viscerointercostal and galvanic skin reflexes were studied. (1) The viscerointercostal reflex (VIR) was evoked by electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve and was recorded from the 11th, 12th or 13th intercostal nerve. Conditioning stimuli applied to the PAG inhibited the VIR. The inhibition was particularly marked when the nucleus raphe dorsalis (NRD) or its immediately adjacent ventromedial PAG was stimulated. (2) A train of pulses was required in order to produce a recognizable PAG/NRD inhibition of the VIR. When the PAG/NRD was stimulated at 300–500 Hz, stimulation-produced inhibition became more pronounced in parallel with increase in number of pulses in each train and levelled off at about 5 pulses. The most effective frequency of PAG/NRD stimulation was found within this frequency range. (3) Degree of PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was dependent upon the strength of the test stimulus applied to the splanchnic nerve; the weaker the test stimulus, the more marked the inhibition. (4) PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was completely eliminated by bilateral section of the dorsolateral funiculi. The same section enhanced the VIR per se. It was suggested that PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR is mediated by descending pathways in the ipsi- as well as contralateral dorsolateral funiculi, and that the VIR per se is tonically inhibited by descending impulses in these pathways. (5) PAG/NRD stimulation inhibited the segmental polysynaptic reflex in the intercostal nerve, but had little effect on the segmental monosynaptic reflex in the same nerve. (6) Intravenous administration of morphine suppressed the VIR. The suppression was antagonized by intravenous naloxone. In contrast, PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the VIR was unaffected by intravenous naloxone. (7) Electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve evoked the galvanic skin reflex (GSR) from the forepaw pad. The GSR was inhibited by electrical stimulation of the PAG/NRD. The PAG/NRD stimulation-produced inhibition of the GSR was completely eliminated by intravenous administration of naloxone (0.4 mg/kg).