Gain Profile Research Articles

Gain Profile Characterization and Modeling for Dual-Stage EDFA Abstraction and Control

Gain Profile Characterization and Modeling for Dual-Stage EDFA Abstraction and Control

Anti-obesity activity of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr leaves extract in high fructose-induced obesity in Wistar rats

Introduction: Obesity is known to lead to the development of metabolic disorders and Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr has shown the potential in alleviating some diseases. This study aimed to assess the anti-obesity activity of the ethanol extract of E. subumbrans leaves (EES) in obese Wistar albino rats. Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5): normal group (no obesity inducement, treated with standard feed); high fructose (60%)-induced obesity (obesity induced, no treatment); control-1 group (obesity-induced, treated with orlistat 10.8 mg/kg BW); control-2 group (obesity-induced, treated with Isprinol 45 mg/kg); control-3 group (obesity-induced, treated with metformin 45 mg/kg); three test groups (obesity-induced, treated with EES 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively). The obesity inducement was conducted for 7 weeks. The rats were observed for body weight (BW), feed residue, feces index, triglycerides, organ index, and leucocyte profile. Results: The screening for secondary metabolites in EES revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, and tannins. EES decreased the percentage of BW gain, appetite, organ index (spleen), total fat, triglycerides, and leucocyte profile of the rats. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the leaves of E. subumbrans has the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent, although the molecular mechanism of its pathway modulation is still unknown.

Biochemical Alterations in Reproductive and Hepatorenal Functions in Male Rabbits Supplemented with Margarine, Natural Ghee and Olive Oil

The current study investigated the impact of synthetic margarine, natural ghee and olive oil ‎on the biochemical parameters of male rabbits, focusing on reproductive hormones as free ‎testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) also body ‎weight gain, antioxidant markers, hepatic and kidney functions. Forty male New Zealand ‎rabbits were randomly distributed to four groups, each containing 10 rabbits. The control ‎group was supplemented with the basal diet, while the margarine group was received 10% ‎margarine, the ghee group was fed on 10% natural ghee of diet and the olive oil group ‎received diet with 10% olive oil. Results indicated that the administration of synthetic ‎margarine throughout the experiment significantly increased body weight gain, liver enzyme ‎‎(AST), and renal profile (urea) in comparison to other groups. Moreover, there was a ‎decrease in reproductive hormones as free and bioavailable testosterone, and antioxidant ‎enzyme activity (GPx) in Margarine group; meanwhile, these modified parameters were ‎enhanced in ghee group and olive oil group. This study concluded that olive oil and natural ‎ghee had a more beneficial health impact on fertility performance compared to synthetic ‎margarine.‎

A high gain circularly polarised magnetoelectric dipole antenna array with metallic radiating structures for millimetre‐wave applications

AbstractAn antenna array design method of trade‐off between high gain and low profile is proposed. A high‐gain circularly polarised (CP) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)‐fed magnetoelectric dipole (ME‐dipole) antenna array with metallic radiating structures is presented for millimetre‐wave (MMW) applications. The CP antenna element comprises a set of horizontally and vertically metal plates and a metallic cavity that is excited by an X‐shaped coupling slot etched on the broader side of SIW. The metallic cavity is designed to improve the gain and axial ratio (AR) performances. Utilising this antenna element, a proof‐of‐concept is established through the design of a 2 × 2 subarray and a 4 × 4 array. The fabricated 4 × 4 CP antenna array has a measured impedance bandwidth of 6.1% (36.4–38.7 GHz), with |S11| ≤ −10dB. The measured 3dB AR bandwidth is 5.4% (36.0–38.0 GHz). The measured maximum gain achieved is 19.1 dBic. The height of the proposed array is 0.74λ0 which is larger than the heights of typical SIW‐based microstrip arrays (0.1–0.4λ0) and lower than the heights of metallic arrays (larger than 2λ0).

Different Concentrations of Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, Intestinal Microflora and Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens

Exploring alternatives to antibiotics is imperative in reducing antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in poultry products. The beneficial effects of antibiotic products derived from natural sources in comparison with the synthetic ones has been reported. Pediococcus pentosaceus has been applied as an animal growth bio-promoter and probiotic. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of P. pentosaceus, this study investigated the effects of different doses of P. pentosaceus supplementation on broiler growth performance, immune function, intestinal development and histomorphology. Five hundred (500) one-day-old Ross 708 broiler chicks were randomly enrolled into five experimental groups with 20 chicks per replicate. The treatments were imposed as follows: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet with 1 g/kg antibact 3X; (T3) basal diet with P. pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g; (T4) basal diet with P. pentosaceus GT001 at 8.0 × 108 cfu/g; and (T5) basal diet with P. pentosaceus GT001 at 1.2 × 109 cfu/g. Dietary inclusion of P. pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g significantly improved body weight gain, feed intake and lipid profile of the broilers compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The addition of P. pentosaceus GT001 significantly improved the intestinal pH of the broilers. The digestive enzymes of the broilers were impacted with the supplementation of P. pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g. The highest serum antioxidant production was observed in the P. pentosaceus-treated group compared to the control. P. pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g increased the levels of serum cytokines and immunoglobin and improved the small intestinal morphology of the broilers in comparison with the control. The load of Pedococcus spp was similar among T3, T4 and T5 but significantly higher than that of the control (T1) and the antibiotics (T2)-fed birds. The load of E. coli in the gut was significantly reduced in T3, T4 and T5 compared to T1 and T2. There was no Salmonella growth among the treatments. This study highlights the importance of probiotics in broiler diets and suggests that Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 could be used as a feasible substitute to antimicrobials in broiler production.

Josephson parametric amplifier with Chebyshev gain profile and high saturation

Josephson parametric amplifier with Chebyshev gain profile and high saturation

Single-pumped gain profile for a superluminal ring laser.

We present an approach for realizing a superluminal ring laser using a single isotope of atomic Rb vapor by producing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in self-pumped Raman gain. Only a single pump laser is used for generating a Raman gain profile containing a dip at its center. The position and depth of this dip can be tuned by adjusting the intensity of the pump laser, allowing for optimizing the degree of enhancement in sensitivity within a certain operating range. This approach represents a significant simplification of the design of superluminal lasers compared to the approaches demonstrated in previous studies. We demonstrate experimentally the realization of this scheme using transitions within the D1 and the D2 manifolds of 85Rb. Numerical simulations based on an approximate model show close agreement with the experimental results.

Significant enhancement of multiple resonant sidebands in a soliton fiber laser

Resonant sidebands in soliton fiber lasers have garnered substantial interest in recent years due to their crucial role in understanding soliton propagation and interaction dynamics. However, most previous studies and applications were restricted to focusing on only the first few low-order resonant sidebands because higher-order sidebands usually decay exponentially as their wavelengths shift far away from the soliton center and are negligibly weak. Here we report numerically and experimentally significant enhancement of multiple resonant sidebands in a soliton fiber laser mode-locked by a nonlinear polarization evolution mechanism. The birefringence and the gain profile of the laser cavity were shown to be critical for this phenomenon. Multiple intense resonant sidebands were generated whose maximum intensity was more than 30 dB higher than that of the soliton, which is the highest yet reported, to our knowledge. To accurately predict the wavelengths of all high-order resonant sidebands, an explicit formula was derived by taking the third-order dispersion effect into account. The temporal features of multiple orders of resonant sidebands were characterized, which all exhibit exponentially decaying leading edges. This study provides insight into understanding the properties of high-order resonant sidebands in a soliton laser and opens possibilities for constructing multi-wavelength laser sources.

S1093 A Comparison of Weight Gain Profiles of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Alpha Inhibitors, Ustekinumab, and Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

S1093 A Comparison of Weight Gain Profiles of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Alpha Inhibitors, Ustekinumab, and Vedolizumab in the Treatment of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Sickle-shaped high gain and low profile based four port MIMO antenna for 5G and aeronautical mobile communication

The construction of the four-port MIMO antenna in the form of a sickle is provided in the article. Initially, the single port element is designed and optimized. Next, a structure with two ports is created, and lastly, a design with four ports is completed. This process is repeated until the design is optimized. Three types of parametric analysis are considered, including variations in length, widths of sickle-shaped patches, and varying sizes of DGS. The frequency range of 2–8 GHz is used for structural investigation. The − 18.77 dB of return loss was observed at 3.825 GHz for a single-element structure. The optimized one-port structure provides a return loss of − 19.79 dB at 3.825 GHz. The port design offers a bandwidth of 0.71 GHz (3.515–4.225). The four-port design represents two bands that are observed at 3 GHz and 5.43 GHz. Both bands provide the return loss at respectively − 19.79 dB and − 20.53 dB with bandwidths of 1.375 GHz (2.14–3.515) and 0.25 GHz (5.335–5.585). The healthy isolation among both transmittance and reflectance response is achieved. The low-profile material was used to create the design that was presented. The article includes a comparison of the findings that were measured and those that were simulated. The four-port design that has been shown offers a total gain of 15.93 dB, a peak co-polar value of 5.46 dB, a minimum return loss of − 20.53 dB, a peak field distribution of 46.43 A/m and a maximum bandwidth of 1.375 GHz. The values for all diversity parameters like ECC are near zero, the Negative value of TARC, Near to zero MEG, DG is almost 10 dB, and a zero value of CCL is achieved. All diversity parameter performance is within the allowable range. The design is well suited for 5G and aeronautical mobile communication applications.

M-shaped beam profile output from an off-axis relay-imaging eight-pass Nd:glass laser preamplifier

In ultra-high-power/energy solid-state Nd:glass laser facilities, the gain distribution of the main amplifier system (MAS) is nonuniform owing to strong amplified spontaneous emissions in the MAS. A shaped beam profile from a preamplifier (PreAMP) should be set opposite to the gain profile in the MAS to obtain a high-power beam with an approximately flat beam profile. This flat beam profile can result in the high efficiency of the frequency-conversion crystals. In this study, the laser beam was spatially formatted as an M-shaped beam with precompensation (PreCOM) for the nonuniform gain profile of the MSA. Modulation of the cross-sectional gain distribution of the PreAMP was demonstrated by selecting the absorption coefficient of the Nd:glass rod and pump configuration. Using the proposed off-axis relay-imaging eight-pass amplifier, an M-shaped beam with an output pulse energy of 1 J and a repetition rate of 1 Hz was experimentally achieved. With an Nd3+ concentration of 1.2 wt% and Nd: glass rod diameter of 18 mm, an M-shaped beam profile with a 4.3:1 ratio of intensity at the margin to that at the center was successfully obtained. Such controllable M-shaped beams can be optionally introduced to the MAS to compensate for non-uniform spatial gain profiles.

P05.03.B METHYLOME PROFILING OF GLIOBLASTOMAS WITH FGFR3/TACC3 FUSION

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs) with the FGFR3-TACC3 (F3T3) gene fusion have histological, molecular, metabolic, and clinicoradiological characteristics. They have a better prognosis compared to other GBMs. Recent findings suggest that methylome profiling could further stratify these patients identifying a subgroup (defined as “outlier” F3T3+ GBMs, or GBM-F3T3-O) with a methylation profile resembling gangliogliomas (GGs), low-grade histological appearance, and a better outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed DNA methylation profiling (Infinium MethylationEPIC Array v1.0) of 32 adult diffuse gliomas with FGFR3 gene fusions (30 FGFR3-TACC3, one FGFR3-ACLY, and one FGFR3-MYO18A), plus two paired samples of a diffuse glioma with two distinct contingents (one with positive FGFR3 staining and FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion, the other with intense EGFR staining and EGFR gene amplification). All cases corresponded to “glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype” according to the WHO CNS5. Methylation data were submitted to the DFKZ brain tumor classifier (molecularneuropathology.org), versions 11b4 and 12.5 and to dimensionality reduction with t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE). Copy-number variation (CNV) estimation based on conumee package was obtained from DFKZ website. RESULTS With the brain tumor classifier v11b4, most cases (26/34, 76%) were classified as methylation class (MC) GBM (17/26 with a significant score ≥0.9). Out of them, 23/26 (88%) were significantly (score ≥0.5) classified in the “GBM, mesenchymal” (16/26, 62%) or in the “GBM, RTK II” methylation families (7/26, 27%). With the classifier v12.5, again most tumors were classified as “GBM, mesenchymal” (18/34, 53%) or “GBM, RTK II” (9/34, 26%), of which twelve (12/34, 35%) with a score ≥0.9. Two were classifed as GG (score 0.69 and 0.39), both having “GBM, mesenchymal” as a second hit (score 0.19 and 0.33, respectively). Five had GG as a second hit, although with low scores (range <0.01-0.25). After tSNE dimensionality reduction of our and literature cases, most tumors clustered together with other GBM, mesenchymal and GBM, RTK II cases. Only two cases fell within a distinct cluster corresponding to GBM-F3T3-O tumors from the literature. These included two histologically defined GBMs with a survival of 26 and 100 months. Recurrent inferred CNV included chromosome (chr) 7 gain (96%) and chr10 loss (85%), followed by chr20 gain (46%), chr22q loss (46%), and chr19 gain (33%). The presence of chr19 gain (alone or associated with chr20 gain) was associated with increased survival (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Glioblastomas with FGFR3 fusions (mostly F3T3) have an epigenomic profile close to other mesenchymal and RTK II GBMs. Methylation analysis identifies methylation (GBM-F3T3-O) and CNV (chr19 gain) profiles associated with better survival.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan–Alginate Scaffold Containing Atorvastatin

In addition to being a lipid-lowering medication, atorvastatin (ATV) is an anti-inflammatory agent. When there is a bone defect or inflammation of adjacent tissues, it aids in bone repair. This study aimed to develop a chitosan–alginate (CS/ALG)–tripolyphosphate (TPP)–ATV hybrid hydrogel as a drug delivery system, using a tissue engineering scaffold for the first time. For this purpose, a CS/ALG hydrogel crosslinked with TPP was developed. The delivery profile of ATV and its physicochemical properties such as particle size and hydrogel swelling percentage were determined. The structure and morphology of the hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. As a result, an alginate–chitosan hydrogel with a TPP crosslinker was prepared. The results revealed that drug loading was nearly complete, and the first hour revealed a 25% explosive release. The drug was gradually released over 10 hr at approximately 35%. The amount of crosslinker used significantly influenced the encapsulation gain and release profiles. Owing to its high porosity and swelling, the CS/ALG hydrogel crosslinked with PPT is an ideal scaffold for loading drugs, macromolecules, and cells.

Compositionally Unbalanced Symmetric Cell Cycling As a Method for Quantifying Crossover Rates in Redox Flow Cells

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising grid-scale energy storage platform, but broad deployment is stymied by technical and economic constraints.1 Within this context, the membrane serves a central role in determining battery performance, selectively facilitating the conduction of supporting salts to mitigate resistive losses while preventing the undesired crossover of active species.2 Tradeoffs between these two facets—namely, conductivity and permeability—requires a thorough understanding of how transport proceeds under the dynamic conditions observed in practical embodiments (e.g., varying compositions, alternating polarity). To this end, a wide range of experimental tools exists for characterizing membrane properties under controlled environments, but few methods directly assess crossover and resistive losses in conventional redox flow cells.3 In this presentation, we introduce a facile method for quantifying crossover rates in flow cells—compositionally unbalanced symmetric cell cycling (CUSCC). Using a previously developed zero-dimensional modeling framework,4 we first examine fundamental processes that give rise to a characteristic “capacity gain” profile. We then validate the technique experimentally using FeCl2 / FeCl3 and Nafion as a representative system, confirming theoretical predictions and establishing the efficacy of CUSCC for characterizing crossover. Finally, we apply the model to estimate transport parameters from experimental capacity gain profiles, yielding results that are consistent with conventional ex situ measurements. Overall, CUSCC is a robust method for quantifying crossover rates with standard flow cell hardware, potentially expanding the experimental toolkit for RFB development. Acknowledgments This work was supported as part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. B.J.N gratefully acknowledges the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant Number 2141064. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. References M. L. Perry and A. Z. Weber, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, A5064–A5067 (2016).J. Yuan, Z.-Z. Pan, Y. Jin, Q. Qiu, C. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and Y. Li, Journal of Power Sources, 500, 229983 (2021).Y. A. Gandomi, D. S. Aaron, J. R. Houser, M. C. Daugherty, J. T. Clement, A. M. Pezeshki, T. Y. Ertugrul, D. P. Moseley, and M. M. Mench, J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, A970 (2018).B. J. Neyhouse, J. Lee, and F. R. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169, 090503 (2022).

Improved QoT estimations through refined signal power measurements and data-driven parameter optimizations in a disaggregated and partially loaded live production network

Accurate quality of transmission (QoT) estimations are essential enablers for future low-margin dynamic optical network operations. However, physical parameter measurement uncertainties and other intractable signal propagation effects degrade the accuracy of QoT estimation, especially in live production networks. The recent trend of network disaggregation further exacerbates the issue, and a vendor-agnostic accurate QoT estimator is much needed. In this paper, we study Gaussian-noise-model-based QoT estimation in a large-scale disaggregated and partially loaded live production network with monitored physical layer data spanning across 8 months. We first propose refining the signal power measurements by combining the inline amplifier and optical channel monitor (OCM) power measurements, followed by estimating the gain and noise power profiles of each inline amplifier, which in turn improves QoT estimation accuracy. We further introduce an optical multiplex section and frequency bias to the analytical model to incorporate intractable location-specific and spectral effects in the network and proposed data-driven parameter optimizations to learn the biases as well as erbium-doped fiber amplifier noise figures. The (mean, standard deviation) of the QoT estimation errors were reduced from (−0.1043, 0.6037) dB using average amplifier power and (−0.7875, 0.6337) dB using OCM power to (−0.0964, 0.4649) dB after input parameter refinements and were further reduced to (0.0046, 0.2377) dB with data-driven parameter optimization. The proposed methodologies are simple procedures that network operators can adopt to optimize analytical-model-based QoT estimators and/or serve as feature engineering procedures preceding machine-learning-based QoT in realistic disaggregated live production networks.

Up-conversion and near-infrared luminescence in Er3+ -doped La2O3-PbO-B2O3-TeO2 glasses for the generation of fibre amplifiers and green LED applications

In this work, we demonstrate the influence of Er3+ ions on the spectroscopic properties of 5La2O3-15PbO-(50-x)B2O3-xEr2O3-30TeO2 glasses doped with x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 & 3.0 mol% of Er3+ were prepared with the melt-quenching method. The structural, fluorescence and decay time properties were examined, and the theoretical model, JO, Mc, and FL theory, was utilised to confirm the experimental findings. It is evident from XRD results that the glasses do not possess a well-defined crystalline structure. Instead, they exhibit a random arrangement of atoms and molecules, indicating an amorphous characteristic. JO analysis yields the stimulated-emission cross-section (2.12 ×10−20 for LPBTE1 glass, which is highest among other prepared glasses) & intensity parameters (Ω2,4,6) show Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 trend indicating the covalency nature. Predominant luminescence in the NIR region, emission peaked at 1537 nm was observed, which was ascribed to the 4I13/2⟶4I15/2 transition. The temporal decay rate decreased from 0.83 ms to 0.27 ms with an increase in the concentration of Er3+ from 0.1 to 3 mol%, which is due to the self-quenching action of the cross-relaxation channels. Furthermore, using Mc-Cumber's theory the peak values for the emission and absorption cross-sections are evaluated and found in good agreement with each other. The gain profile demonstrates more than 40% population inversion between 1530 and 1610 nm in the C +L band. In addition, the up-conversion of 4S3/2⟶4I15/2 transitions at 544 nm exhibits green emission shows two-photon absorptions. Overall, the investigated results demonstrate that the prepared Er3+ -doped La2O3-PbO-B2O3-TeO2 glasses are the best choice for optical fibre applications.

Investigation of multi-fingers drain field plate in dual-threshold coupling AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for optimizing linearity at high electrical fields in the Ka band

GaN high electron mobility transistors were fabricated and investigated in detail to improve their linearity at high operating voltage. The scheme of dual-threshold (DT) coupling was adopted to mitigate the transconductance (G m) nonlinearity and a multi-fingers drain field plate (MF-DFP) was employed to alleviate the high electric field. The proposed GaN HEMT, integrating the DT technique (DT HEMT) and MF-DFP structure (DT HEMT W/ MF-DFP), yielded a G m plateau of ∼5.5 V and a ∼8 dB improvement in the calculated output third-order intercept point(OIP3) than that of DT HEMT. The load-pull measurements at 30 GHz delivered a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 52.5 % at V ds = 10 V, and saturation output power density (P out) of 5.5 W mm−1 at V ds = 20 V. In comparison with the DT HEMT, the DT HEMT W/ MF-DFP obtained a flatter gain profile, with ∼1.5 dB improvement in gain compression at V ds = 20 V.

Model-Aware XGBoost Method Towards Optimum Performance of Flexible Distributed Raman Amplifier

Toward the next-generation ultra-long-haul optical network, an extremely gradient boosting (XGBoost)-aided machine learning (ML) model is proposed to maximize the flexibility and uniformity in the performance of distributed Raman amplifier (DRA). In order to achieve an accurate prediction of desired signal gain spectrum and bit error rate (BER), a novel decision-tree based system is employed against inconsistent dimensionality between pump frequency and power. The impact of various model evaluation techniques: mean squared error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), root mean square measured data ratio (RSR) and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) are discussed in detail. It is shown that the proposed method can diagnose the fault within 2.3 ms with accuracy of 99.6% and has also the highest estimation and efficacy in comparison with other ML based tree models. The reported work transforms the successful implementation of XGBoost model to estimate the desired gain profile and BER of DRA in low-loss optical wavelength region (1260-1650nm).

Effects of residual nonlinearities on the modulational instability of three-component Bose–Einstein condensates

We study the modulation instability in a three-component Bose–Einstein condensate and the impact of higher-order interactions brought on by shape-dependent confinement. Using the modified Gross–Pitaevskii equation that accounts for the higher-order residual nonlinearity and the linear stability method, we analyze the dispersion relations and the gain spectrum for instability. In particular, we investigate the role of higher-order interactions over the MI in miscible and immiscible condensates. The observed MI spectrum shows a new regime for soliton generation in a ternary mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates. Our results show that the residual nonlinearity can effectively control the MI gain profile in both miscible and immiscible condensates. This allows one manipulate the MI in a ternary mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates to control the dynamics.

A Wideband Spherical Fabry–Perot Cavity Antenna Based on Positive Phase Gradient Metasurface

Expanding the bandwidth of resonator cavity antennas is challenging, and most studies have focused on using positive phase gradient partially reflective surfaces. Although multi-layer partially reflective surfaces can provide bandwidth enhancement, they have the weaknesses of extremely high design complexity and thresholds in bandwidth improvement. Here, a new approach is proposed to significantly enhance the 3 dB gain bandwidth of the resonator cavity antenna while maintaining high gain and low profile. The method begins by utilizing an open resonator with a spherically modified ground to activate multiple resonances akin to Laguerre-Gaussian beam modes. Positive phase gradients are then added to the frequency band between each resonant mode for phase optimization, all provided by a simple metasurface. The proposed approach has been verified across multiple designs and the antenna prototype of one design has been selected for fabricating. The measurements agree very well with simulations, showing a 3-dB gain bandwidth of about 40%, a peak gain of 19 dBi, and a side-lobe level of around -10 dB. This work demonstrates a new low-profile, high-gain, wideband, low-design complexity antenna for various wireless system.