Future Trajectories Research Articles

Study on the Development of Interregional Synergistic Construction (Taking the China-Belarus Industrial Park and the International Land Port of Gansu as Examples)

The year 2023 marks the 10th anniversary of the initiation of the «One Belt and One Road» initiative. Belarus, as one of the countries along the One Belt and One Road, is actively responding to the initiative’s call and participating in its joint implementation. The author creatively establishes a connection and conducts a profound analysis of the China- Belarus Industrial Park and the International Land Port of Gansu (Lanzhou). The article assesses the present status and development progress of the two projects, identifying pertinent issues and proposing solutions through a methodical approach that combines theoretical analysis with practical application. A theoretical framework for these two projects is presented, aiding in surmounting challenges and charting the future trajectory of collaboration. The study’s objective is to introduce novel developmental concepts for Park administrators and policymakers, while also pinpointing fresh avenues for growth within the Park development of both countries, to contribute to economic advancement more effectively.

FactorXI Inhibitors: A New Horizon in Anticoagulation Therapy.

Anticoagulation therapy has undergone significant evolution, marked by the emergence of direct oral anticoagulants with distinct advantages. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in managing residual thrombotic and bleeding risks, particularly among vulnerable populations. The pursuit of alternative drugs has honed in on factorXI/XIa inhibitors. This comprehensive review delves into several key aspects regarding this new target: (i) the role of factorXI in the coagulation cascade; (ii) the genetic evidence and pathophysiologic rationale supporting factorXI inhibition as a therapeutic target; (iii) an exploration of the various types of factorXI/XIa inhibitors currently under investigation; (iv) potential applications of these medications, spanning thromboprophylaxis after orthopedic surgery, stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome, non-cardioembolic stroke, thromboprophylaxis after foreign material implantation, end-stage renal disease, and patients with cancer; and (v) an overview of ongoing studies, recent findings, and the future trajectory of research into these drugs.

Carbon Catalysts Empowering Sustainable Chemical Synthesis via Electrochemical CO2 Conversion and Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Carbon materials hold significant promise in electrocatalysis, particularly in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2 RR) and two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR). The pivotal factor in achieving exceptional overall catalytic performance in carbon catalysts is the strategic design of specific active sites and nanostructures. This work presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in carbon electrocatalysts for eCO2 RR and 2e- ORR. The creation of active sites through single/dual heteroatom doping, functional group decoration, topological defect, and micro-nano structuring, along with their synergistic effects, is thoroughly examined. Elaboration on the catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of these active sites is provided. In addition to directly serving as electrocatalysts, this review explores the role of carbon matrix as a support in finely adjusting the reactivity of single-atom molecular catalysts. Finally, the work addresses the challenges and prospects associated with designing and fabricating carbon electrocatalysts, providing valuable insights into the future trajectory of this dynamic field.

Circumventing the Gastrointestinal Barrier for Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides (PPTs): Current Trends and Future Trajectories.

Therapeutic proteins and peptides (PPTs) have become one of the most important biological molecules for the management of many common and complex diseases due to their high specificity and high bioactivity. However, these biomolecules are mainly given by the hypodermic injection, which often leads to poor patient compliance due to the invasive nature of this route of administration. The oral route has been considered the most convenient and patient-friendly route for drug delivery relative to hypodermic injection. Despite the ease and simplicity conferred by oral administration, this drug delivery route suffers rapid peptide degradation in gastric fluid and low intestinal uptake. In order to circumvent these issues, several strategies, such as enzyme inhibitors, permeation enhancers, chemical modification, mucoadhesive and stimuli-responsive polymers, and specialised particulate formulation have been developed. Such strategies are designed with the aim of protecting proteins and peptides from the harsh gastrointestinal environment as well as providing a strategy to enhance the uptake of the therapeutic across the gastrointestinal tract. This review aims to provide an overview of the current development in enteral drug delivery strategies for proteins and peptides. The design of these drug delivery systems in overcoming physical and chemical barriers along the gastrointestinal tract while improving oral bioavailability will be highlighted and discussed.

Compound extreme inundation risk of coastal wetlands caused by climate change and anthropogenic activities in the Yellow River Delta, China

The coastal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) in China are crucial for their valuable resources, environmental significance, and economic contributions. However, these wetlands are also vulnerable to the dual threats of climate change and human disturbances. Despite substantial attention to the historical shifts in YRD's coastal wetlands, uncertainties remain regarding their future trajectory in the face of compound risks from climate change and anthropogenic activities. Based on a range of remote sensing data sources, this study undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the evolution of YRD's coastal wetlands between 2000 and 2020. Subsequently, the potential fate of coastal wetlands is thoroughly analyzed through the Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) simulation using System Dynamic-Future Land Use Simulation (SD-FLUS) model and the extreme water levels projection integrated future sea-level rise, storm surge, and astronomical high tide in 2030, 2050, and 2100 under scenarios of SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. Results revealed that YRD's coastal wetlands underwent a marked reduction, shrinking by 1688.72 km2 from 2000 to 2020. This decline was mostly attributed to the substantial expansion in the areas of artificial wetlands (increasing by 823.78 km2), construction land (increasing by 767.71 km2), and shallow water (increasing by 274.58 km2). Looking ahead to 2030–2100, the fate of coastal wetlands appears to diverge based on different scenarios. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the area of coastal wetland is projected to experience considerable growth. In contrast, the SSP5-8.5 scenario anticipates a notable decrease in coastal wetlands. Relative to the inundated area suffered from the current extreme water levels, the study projects a decrease of 6.8%–10.6% in submerged coastal wetlands by 2030 and 9.4%–18.2% by 2050 across all scenarios. In 2100, these percentages are projected to decrease by 0.4 % (SSP2-4.5) and 27.1% (SSP5-8.5), but increase by 35.7% (SSP1-2.6). Results suggest that coastal wetlands in the YRD will face a serious compound risk from climate change and intensified human activities in the future, with climate change being the dominant factor. More efficient and forward-looking measures must be implemented to prioritize the conservation and management of coastal wetland ecosystems to address the challenges, especially those posed by climate change.

The football industry. A literature review and future research avenues in the risk management perspective

The transformation of the professional football industry into a multi-billion-dollar industry has attracted increasing attention from regulators, investors and academics in recent years. Such interest has also been reflected in the exponential growth of economic-managerial scientific production on the subject. However, there is still no comprehensive overview of the literature. The objective of this paper is to achieve a systematisation of the scientific research conducted in the period between 1977 and 2023, identifying the current state of production, emerging research areas, and future research trajectories in the risk management perspective of football clubs. To this end, a bibliometric and systematic review were developed on 1.081 and 18 papers published during this period, respectively. Statistical processes useful for developing the analysis were conducted using Bibliometrix on data retrieved from the Scopus database. The results revealed the need to further investigate the declination of endogenous and exogenous determinants of risk drivers and their relationship with volatility of sports performance for professional football clubs.

Growing attention on the toxicity of Chinese herbal medicine: a bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2022.

Introduction: Despite the clinical value of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), restricted comprehension of its toxicity limits the secure and efficacious application. Previous studies primarily focused on exploring specific toxicities within CHM, without providing an overview of CHM's toxicity. The absence of a quantitative assessment of focal points renders the future research trajectory ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal research trends and areas of concern for the past decade. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on publications related to CHM and toxicity over the past decade from Web of Science Core Collection database. The characteristics of the publication included publication year, journal, institution, funding, keywords, and citation counts were recorded. Co-occurrence analysis and trend topic analysis based on bibliometric analysis were conducted on keywords and citations. Results: A total of 3,225 publications were analyzed. Number of annal publications increased over the years, with the highest number observed in 2022 (n = 475). The Journal of Ethnopharmacology published the most publications (n = 425). The most frequently used toxicity classifications in keywords were hepatotoxicity (n = 119) or drug-induced liver injury (n = 48), and nephrotoxicity (n = 40). Co-occurrence analysis revealed relatively loose connections between CHM and toxicity, and their derivatives. Keywords emerging from trend topic analysis for the past 3 years (2019-2022) included ferroptosis, NLRP3 inflammasome, machine learning, network pharmacology, traditional uses, and pharmacology. Conclusion: Concerns about the toxicity of CHM have increased in the past decade. However, there remains insufficient studies that directly explore the intersection of CHM and toxicity. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, as the most concerned toxicity classifications associated with CHM, warrant more in-depth investigations. Apoptosis was the most concerned toxicological mechanism. As a recent increase in attention, exploring the mechanisms of ferroptosis in nephrotoxicity and NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatotoxicity could provide valuable insights. Machine learning and network pharmacology are potential methods for future studies.

Enhancing Sustainable Crop Production through Innovations in Precision Agriculture Technologies

Precision agriculture technologies provide innovative tools to optimize crop production while minimizing environmental impacts. This review examines recent advances in precision ag systems to enhance sustainable agriculture. Key innovations include: remote and proximal crop sensing techniques leveraging hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, and Lidar to assess crop health and stress status; variable rate technologies like targeted sprayers and precision planters to reduce input waste; data analytics and decision support systems that integrate multi-source data streams to guide site-specific intervention; robotics and automation for precision field operations; and advanced breeding techniques and genomic tools enabling development of stress resilient, high yielding varieties. Adoption barriers, future technology trajectories, and priority research needs are discussed to further advance precision solutions that support productivity, efficiency, and sustainability goals.

Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Considering Multi-feature Independent Encoding Based on Graph Neural Network

Background: Today, self-driving cars are already on the roads. However, driving safety remains a huge challenge. Trajectory prediction of traffic targets is one of the important tasks of an autonomous driving environment perception system, and its output trajectory can provide necessary information for decision control and path planning. Although there are many patents and articles related to trajectory prediction, the accuracy of trajectory prediction still needs to be improved. Objective: This paper aimed to propose a novel scheme that considers multi-feature independent encoding trajectory prediction (MFIE). Methods: MFIE is an independently coded trajectory prediction algorithm that consists of a spacetime interaction module and trajectory prediction module, and considers speed characteristics and road characteristics. In the spatiotemporal interaction module, an undirected and weightless static traffic graph is used to represent the interaction between vehicles, and multiple graph convolution blocks are used to perform data mining on the historical information of target vehicles, capture temporal features, and process spatial interaction features. In the trajectory prediction module, three long short-term memory (LSTM) encoders are used to encode the trajectory feature, motion feature, and road constraint feature independently. The three hidden features are spliced into a tensor, and the LSTM decoder is used to predict the future trajectory. Results: On datasets, such as Apollo and NGSIM, the proposed method has shown lower prediction error than traditional model-driven and data-driven methods, and predicted more target vehicles at the same time. It can provide a basis for vehicle path planning on highways and urban roads, and it is of great significance to the safety of autonomous driving. Conclusion: This paper has proposed a multi-feature independent encoders’ trajectory prediction data-driven algorithm, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified with a public dataset. The trajectory prediction algorithm considering multi-feature independent encoders provides some reference value for decision planning.

Business Management and Strategic Forecasting Lens: Navigating the Future of Indonesia's Nickel Industry

Indonesia emerges as a critical force in the global nickel market, poised at the threshold of transformative shifts within its nickel industry. This review meticulously amalgamates academic research and industry insights to delineate the future trajectory, opportunities, and challenges of this pivotal sector. It critically examines the strategic implications of evolving market demands, particularly the burgeoning electric vehicle (EV) market, against a backdrop of environmental, technological, infrastructural, and socio-political considerations. Highlighting the sector?s vital role in both national economic growth and the global nickel supply chain, the analysis underscores the interplay between substantial opportunities and formidable challenges. These include navigating environmental sustainability, addressing societal needs, and spearheading innovations in technology and infrastructure. The variegated landscape of market demands, policy frameworks, and technological advancements signals the necessity for a synergistic approach among stakeholders, namely, government entities, industry participants, and communities to foster a trajectory of sustainable and equitable growth. In embarking on strategic forecasting for business management, this review posits that the Indonesian nickel industry?s future is not devoid of complexities. It necessitates a strategic focus on environmental conservation, socio-economic integration, and relentless innovation. Such an approach is imperative for realizing the sector's expansive potential, especially in catering to the heightened global demands from the EV sector, while promising extensive economic benefits. In essence, steering the future of Indonesia's nickel industry represents a confluence of economic, environmental, and social stewardship, pushing towards a significant contribution to a sustainable and just global future., situation handling, professionalism, expertise and devotion respectively. JEL Codes: L72, Q32, O13, G38

Exploiting the Value of Active and Multifunctional Façade Technology through the IoT and AI

In recent years, the interest in multifunctional façade (MF) technology has increased significantly. Recent advances in the integration of active and passive technologies have led to a new concept of building skins with highly flexible and decentralized control. Such an approach is considered capable of tackling environmental challenges and enhancing indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Integrated HVAC systems, dynamic blinds, and renewable energy systems can drastically increase façade responsiveness and efficiency. Although the technical feasibility of active and MF technology has already been demonstrated, market applications are still limited. The goal of this paper is to define the state of the art of MFs and clarify how the integration of IoT technologies, supported by AI, can increase market interest by fully exploiting the value of these systems. Indeed, recent advances in the IoT and data analysis tools are opening up attractive scenarios in optimization process. Starting with an overview of the most interesting EU-funded projects, this paper presents a MF case study in which IoT infrastructures are fully integrated. The prototype, realized within the MEZeroE Horizon project, stimulates a debate on future trajectories (and gaps) for the marketability of MF.

Telecom data analytics: Informed decision-making: A review across Africa and the USA

Telecom data analytics has emerged as a pivotal tool for transforming raw data into actionable insights, empowering telecom operators to make informed decisions and enhance the overall efficiency of their networks. This abstract provides an overview of the comprehensive review that explores the landscape of telecom data analytics in both Africa and the USA. The review delves into the diverse strategies, challenges, and opportunities associated with telecom data analytics in these regions. It examines how advanced analytics techniques, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, are being leveraged to extract valuable insights from vast datasets. The comparative analysis highlights contextual differences in regulatory environments, infrastructure development, and technological landscapes that influence the adoption and implementation of telecom data analytics. In Africa, where the telecom landscape is dynamic and diverse, the review explores how data analytics is playing a crucial role in addressing connectivity challenges, optimizing network performance, and expanding telecommunications services. It also considers the impact of regulatory frameworks and investment climates on the deployment of data analytics solutions. In the USA, a mature telecom market with high technological adoption, the review investigates how data analytics is shaping decision-making processes, improving customer experiences, and contributing to the development of innovative services. It delves into the regulatory landscape, market dynamics, and the role of data analytics in maintaining a competitive edge. Throughout the review, the focus is on identifying best practices, lessons learned, and cross-regional insights that can inform the future trajectory of telecom data analytics. The abstract encapsulates the broader themes of the review, offering a glimpse into the critical role played by data analytics in shaping the telecom industry across Africa and the USA.

Boosted efficiency and unsaturated material stock growth in China's megacities: Accelerating as urbanization approaches 80 %

Buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods are essential for human activities. Understanding their relationship with socioeconomic development is crucial for optimizing resource allocation in urban settings, thereby enhancing efficiency and lessening environmental impact. This study delves into the urban material stock evolution in China's megacities, spanning 111 distinct end-use stocks. From 1978 to 2018, in-use stocks witnessed a substantial surge, increasing from a modest <350 Mt to an astounding 819–3130 Mt across cities—an average annual growth rate ranging from of 4.7 to 15.2 %. This growth was paralleled by improvements in stock productivity, associated with reductions in CO2 emissions by 154–505 Mt and conservation of significant amounts of energy and food resources. As urbanization approaches the 80 % mark, a mere 1 % rise results in considerable increments of 13.5, 1.9, and 0.6 t in per capita stocks of buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods. Our results shed light on strategies for resource circulation, stock management, and sustainable urban future trajectories.

History of the development of pedagogy and psychology in China and Kazakhstan

Relevance. Knowledge of the transformation process and the history of the development of pedagogy and psychology allows extracting the necessary information for the identification of key aspects in the creation of educational methods.Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the historical development of pedagogy, including preschool, secondary, and higher education, as well as psychology, in China and Kazakhstan.Methodology. In this study, theoretical (analysis, synthesis, and comparison) and empirical methods of investigating information were used. The study is based on a comparative historical analysis using which it is possible to compare the features of progress and regression in the field of education in China and Kazakhstan. The study was conducted in three stages: the investigation and collection of information from historical sources, comparison and generalisation of research data.Results. The study identified distinct stages in the development of preschool, secondary, and higher education in China, reflecting the influence of Confucian ideas, Western methodologies, and shifts in political ideologies. In Kazakhstan, the evolution of education was marked by the initial dominance of Muslim schools, followed by the integration of Soviet educational models and, more recently, the introduction of open and distance education approaches. The analysis revealed significant differences in the historical trajectories of pedagogy and psychology in the two countries, with China demonstrating a more rapid and multifaceted development compared to Kazakhstan.Conclusions. The historical analysis of the development of pedagogy and psychology in China and Kazakhstan highlights the complex interplay between cultural, political, and global factors in shaping the education systems of these countries. The findings provide valuable insights for understanding the current state and future trajectories of education in these nations, as well as informing the development of educational policies and practices that adapt to the changing needs and demands of the modern world.

25th anniversary of the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University Medical Center Maribor: advancing hearts, changing lives : A quarter century of commitment.

In 1996, Slovenia witnessed aprofound transformation in its cardiac care landscape with the establishment of the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University Medical Centre Maribor. This momentous milestone heralded the birth of the nation's second heart surgery center revolutionizing cardiovascular care accessibility. Today, the Department of Cardiac Surgery stands as aregional hub, delivering specialized cardiac surgical services to Slovenia's northeastern region and beyond. Its unwavering commitment to excellence, patient-centered care, and adherence to international guidelines reflects its dedication to providing top-tier cardiac care. As the department commemorates its 25thanniversary, this article offers areflective overview of its establishment, development, growth and future trajectory for further development in an ever-changing era of cardiovascular medicine. The article also highlights the department's active involvement in international collaborations, scientific research, medical education, and innovations in minimally invasive cardiac surgery.

Advances and Practical Prospects for Bias‐Free Photovoltaic‐Driven Electrochemical Water Splitting Systems

AbstractBias‐free solar water‐splitting technology is considered an ideal solution to address the energy crisis, as it can efficiently convert solar to hydrogen energy and has made groundbreaking progress. Particularly, photovoltaic (PV)‐driven electrolysis systems exhibit promising potential for enhanced energy conversion efficiency. Nonetheless, the majority of research on PV‐driven water‐splitting systems remains confined to the laboratory scale, with the industrial‐scale application still in the nascent stages. This review comprehensively explores the pivotal factors required to practically apply the bias‐free PV‐driven electrochemical water splitting in the current research. It delves into the fundamental principles involved in the components, the configuration structure of the varied integration degree systems, the differences in composition level of the photovoltaic devices, system scale, reaction environment of the electrolytic system, and strategy for development and refinement of electrocatalysts. Furthermore, it offers a perspective analysis of future research trajectories for each component. This work aims to shed light on the scientific hurdles and future exploration of potential application prospects faced by the field in the process of becoming practical.

Influencer Marketing Unveiled: A Conceptual Exploration of Emotional Marketing, Consumer Connections, and Future AI Trends

This research aims to get a conceptual knowledge of influencer marketing, as well as its relationship with emotional marketing. Emotional marketing is considered a component of influencer marketing, since customers form an emotional connection with the influencers. An analysis has been conducted to investigate the level of emotional connection that may be formed between influencers and customers across many categories, including nano influencers, micro influencers, and celebrities. Influencers use several methods such as authenticity, narrative, engagement, and interaction to control customers’ purchasing attitude and intention. These strategies enable influencers to develop an emotional connection with consumers. These strategies assist in quantifying the influence on customers by analysing their purchases. The future trajectory of marketing, with a focus on the integration of AI, has been thoroughly examined, along with a comprehensive analysis of the potential impact of influencer marketing.

Navigating The Integrated Circuit Industry: Definitions, Evolution, Innovations, And Challenges

Now, the integrated circuit (IC) industry is experiencing rapid growth, and some of its associated technologies play vital roles in our everyday lives. This paper aims to provide comprehensive insights into the entire IC industry by elaborating on various aspects. First and foremost, it elucidates the definition, development history, and current status of integrated circuits (ICs). Subsequently, it delves into intricate details regarding three state-of-the-art technologies linked to ICs, all of which are conveyed with their full names for clarity: Integrated Circuits in Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (BiCMOS) for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Bioanalyzers, 3D Packaging for Heterogeneous Integration, and, once again, 3D Packaging for Heterogeneous Integration. To conclude, this paper provides an in-depth exploration of the present challenges faced by the integrated circuit industry and the prospective hurdles that could impact the industry's future trajectory. By reading this paper, you can swiftly gain a comprehensive understanding of integrated circuits, covering aspects such as their definition, historical evolution, current status, cutting-edge technologies, and the prevailing challenges that demand attention.

Probing Leakage Current Suppression Techniques for Non-Isolated Photovoltaic Inverters

The evolution of photovoltaic (PV) inverters has witnessed distinct trade-offs between isolated and non-isolated configurations. While isolated PV inverters grapple with challenges such as increased volume and suboptimal system efficiency due to transformer inclusions, their non-isolated counterparts offer a solution by eliminating these transformers. However, this lack of electrical isolation in non-isolated inverters engenders a distinct predicament: significant leakage currents. Such currents not only impede system operation but also curtail operational efficiency. Recognizing this, the suppression of leakage current has catapulted to the forefront of contemporary research. This manuscript elucidates the operational intricacies of non-isolated PV inverters. It then embarks on a panoramic review of prevailing leakage current suppression techniques, both domestic and international, contextualizing them with state-of-the-art inverter topologies such as the H7, H10, three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) and three-phase four-bridge arm configurations. The paper culminates with a prospective glance at future research trajectories in leakage current suppression, proffering seminal recommendations for academic and industry fraternities.

Digitization Transformation Empowers High-Quality Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Jilin Province

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jilin Province, China, face a critical juncture in their growth and sustainability. This paper delves into the current state of digital transformation among these SMEs, examining the intricate web of opportunities and challenges that define their journey towards a digital future. Through a comprehensive analysis, we explore the various facets of digital transformation, including the provincial government's support initiatives, the strategic approaches adopted by SMEs, and the inherent hurdles such as increased operational costs, leadership and cultural challenges, skill gaps, and technological adoption issues. The findings underscore the importance of a multi-pronged strategy involving government support, private sector collaboration, workforce development, and fostering a culture of innovation and adaptability. The paper highlights the need for Jilin's SMEs to not only embrace technological changes but also to rethink their operational models to stay competitive in a global digital economy. Looking ahead, the paper suggests that with continuous strategic efforts, policy support, and an adaptive mindset, SMEs in Jilin can successfully navigate their digital transformation journey, tapping into new opportunities for growth and innovation in an increasingly digital world. The future trajectory for these enterprises is one of continued evolution, where adaptability and strategic planning are key to harnessing the full potential of digital technologies. As digital transformation continues to reshape the global business landscape, SMEs in Jilin Province stand on the brink of significant opportunities, poised to redefine their role in the regional and global economy through innovative and sustainable digital strategies.