A 49-year-old woman underwent right lung transplantation due to pulmonary emphysema, with favorable evolution in the early postoperative period. A year later she was readmitted to our department with productive cough. During that admission, the patient was treated for cytomegalovirus pneumonia and received broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy.At outpatient follow-up, cavities appeared in the native lung, which gradually increased in size. Ten months later, she was admitted for the resection of a hyperinflated cavity. Chest X-rays showed an increase in the cavity in the left upper lobe with herniation of the lung and compression of the transplanted lung. Chest HRCT at various positions showed a round mass with soft tissue density within a lung cavity that moved when the patient changed position, thus strengthening the hypothesis of a fungus ball (Figure 1). Bullectomy was performed, and the histopathologic examination showed fungal colonization by Aspergillus fumigatus in emphysematous bullae and bronchiectasis. She was treated with itraconazole and had a satisfactory response.Lung transplantation has become an acceptable treatment option for many end-stage lung diseases and could be single or double.