Fundamental Reflections Research Articles

Nursing effectiveness reconsidered: Some fundamental reflections on the nature of nursing.

Despite being considered the proverbial backbone of our healthcare systems, nursing still seems to struggle to scientifically demonstrate its contribution to care experiences and patient outcomes. This leads to erosive tendencies that threaten the development of the profession and its progress as an academic discipline. With this paper, we want to contribute to the theoretical discourse concerning the nature of nursing and the research into its effectiveness. We begin by outlining a set of prevailing paradoxes and their consequences relating to nursing and nursing research: the issue of demonstrating its unique contribution despite a clear societal mandate; a discrepancy between subjectively experienced effectiveness and objectively ascertainable effectiveness; and a mismatch between theoretical premises of nursing and task-oriented cultures in practice environments. Using an example of a seemingly simple nursing intervention, we intend to demonstrate the qualities and complexities of nursing. We further illustrate this by drawing on several of our research projects using theory-based evaluation methodologies. From these illustrative examples, we distil two insights relating to nursing interventions that we consider fundamental: the nurse, as a person, is central to its unique effectiveness; and there is always an interplay between context, intervention and its intended effect. We summarise our considerations and argue the case for conceiving research designs in alignment with theoretical premises of nursing.

URSAVS – histoire et politique d’une intercontenance réussie

The regional unit for the care of perpetrators of sexual violence (URSAVS) was established in Lille in 2009, under to the impetus of Doctor Tiphaine Séguret, and under the aegis of the Regional Health Agency of the department of Hauts-de-France. It is hosted by the University Hospital of Lille. This unit was born out of the urgent need to establish and coordinate specific care services including psycho- and sex-criminological dimensions, at the crossroads of mental health service and judicial entities. Originally destined for those who had been convicted of sexual offences and who were being released from prison, this unit has diversified in many ways, as the many cases and problems entrusted to it were discovered. Operating today in the realms of pediatrics, care of the elderly, and including the National Education system, URSAVS has paved the way for a fundamental reflection on the methods and practices of care specific to perpetrators of sexual violences. Its results in the prevention of recidivism after 5 years (1%), demonstrate the lasting effectiveness of its paradigm of care, especially when compared to national statistics on recidivism over the same period (15% for rape, 11% for sexual assault, 12% for sexual harassment, according to the French Ministry of Justice).

Adjoint Algorithm Design of Selective Mode Reflecting Metastructure for BAL Applications.

Broad-area lasers (BALs) have found applications in a variety of crucial fields on account of their high output power and high energy transfer efficiency. However, they suffer from poor spatial beam quality due to multi-mode behavior along the waveguide transverse direction. In this paper, we propose a novel metasurface waveguide structure acting as a transverse mode selective back-reflector for BALs. In order to effectively inverse design such a structure, a digital adjoint algorithm is introduced to adapt the considerably large design area and the high degree of freedom. As a proof of the concept, a device structure with a design area of 40 × 20 μm2 is investigated. The simulation results exhibit high fundamental mode reflection (above 90%), while higher-order transverse mode reflections are suppressed below 0.2%. This is, to our knowledge, the largest device structure designed based on the inverse method. We exploited such a device and the method and further investigated the device's robustness and feasibility of the inverse method. The results are elaborately discussed.

콘텐츠의 시대, 고전문학의 대응과 과제

This study began with fundamental questions and doubts about the utility and value of classical literature amidst the rapid development of science and technology, increasing social demands, and the resulting changes in literary environments and conditions. Breaking away from the obsession with processing and transformation into content, this study attempted to derive the corresponding direction and tasks of classical literature by exploring the relationship and mediation point between classical literature of the past and modern content. Development is being driven by external changes represented by content, but this is due to the awareness of the problem that fundamental consideration and reflection on the relationship between content and classical literature has not been properly carried out. Considering this research purpose and background, this study does not simply analyze and introduce actual cases of content development, but also seeks to expand the horizon of awareness of classical literature through content, and explores the approach of classical literature for content. As such, actual lecture cases and results that produce and develop content based on classical literature correspond to materials for such exploration, and the content acts as a new perspective and channel to inspect the enjoyment of classical literature and education in general. Chapter 2 looked at changes and adjustments in the classical literature ecosystem, largely exploring the media environment and literary conditions, subjects and education of enjoyment, and aspects of classical literature and enjoyment. It examined the media environment and literary conditions in which the past is newly recalled in a reversible and non-chronological time and space, and confirmed the emergence of a new enjoyment subject represented by ‘Phono Sapiens’ and changes in education represented by agency. Amid these changes, attention was paid to ‘defamiliarized pleasure.’ In Chapter 3, the planning and design of the ‘Classical Literature and Cultural Contents(Capstone Design)’ lecture was introduced and the results were analyzed. By typing it into an optional simulation game type, a test type for type diagnosis, and a digital platform utilization type, the production process and results were examined, and achievements and tasks were derived. The relationship between classical literature and content was newly established, and tasks were derived from both aspects of classical literature and content. First, ‘through’ the content, this study derived and reconceptualized ‘doing literature’, which emphasizes the recipient’s active participation and performance and attempted to shift from the existing empathy to response through this. Second, ‘for the sake of’ content, while being wary of the materialization and schematization of interpretation of classical literature, divergence of acceptance was suggested as a method that could lead to new discoveries of the subject and the world.

FE CRISTIANA Y RELIGIÓN SIN CONFUSIÓN NI SEPARACIÓN

In the current confusing Brazilian context, marked by polarization and intolerances of all sorts, including the use of God's name, a theological discernment of religious experience is important. This article proposes a preliminary and fundamental reflection on the distinction and close relation between faith and religion, in view of any future discernment. In this tread, the author proposes to rethink this fundamental relationship starting from Paul Tillich, in his debate with Karl Barth. The two theologians have in common the need to overcome a concept of religion, while drawing different consequences for faith. They thus reveal divergences in anthropological assumptions and in the modes of doing theology. At the limit of this controversy, this article focuses on the need to discern authentic faith within religious experiences, for most ambiguous they may seem.

A network approach to zooarchaeological datasets and human-centered ecosystems in southwestern Florida.

Zooarchaeological datasets are often large, complex, and difficult to visualize and communicate. Many visual aids and summaries often limit the patterns that can be identified and mask interpretations of relationships between contexts, species, and environmental information. The most commonly used of these often include bar charts, pie charts, and other such graphs that aid in categorizing data and highlighting the differences or similarities between categories. While such simplification is often necessary for effective communication, it can also obscure the full range of complexity of zooarchaeological datasets and the human-environment dynamics they reflect. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of formal network graphs to capturing the complexity of zooarchaeological datasets and to effectively highlighting the kinds of relationships between contexts, time, and faunal assemblages in which zooarchaeologists are primarily interested. Using a case study from southwestern Florida (USA), we argue that network graphs provide a quick solution to visualizing the structure of zooarchaeological datasets and serve as a useful aid in interpreting patterns that represent fundamental reflections of human-centered ecosystems.

An Embedded System Approach to Design and Development of an Automatic Spin Coating Machine for Thin Film Applications

A typical spin coating technique entails three steps: dispense, in which the resin fluid is applied to the substrate surface; high-speed spin, in which the fluid is thinned; and drying, in which extra solvents are removed from the resultant film. For the growth of thin films, an embedded system-based spin coating machine has been developed. The PIC microcontroller (PIC16f877A), which might be powered by a driver circuit to drive a spinning motor, controls the spin coating machine effectively. The temperature sensor is used to determine the temperature, while the proximity sensor is used to determine the motor's speed. Using a temperature sensor, the temperature has been kept between 30 and 40 degrees Celsius. The developed system will coat thin films in a micro level thickness by adjusting the spinning speed and controlling the system using PIC microcontroller. To test the reliability and repeatability of the machine, Zinc oxide (ZnO) was prepared with the sol-gel technique and deposited on the glass substrate using embedded system based spin coating machine. ZnO thin films were prepared at different pH and exhibited the fundamental reflections of (100), (002), (101), and (102) with the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The structural studies of ZnO thin films using XRD analysis confirm the presence of ZnO particles in the prepared films. Also, it ensures the prepared ZnO thin film is pure and that no other impurities have been observed in the XRD pattern.

Critical Perspectives on the New Situation of Global Ocean Governance

Global ocean governance is the concretization of global governance. Various interest groups interact with and coordinate ocean issues. Global ocean governance is inevitably linked to the new global governance landscape. In recent years, a series of new scenarios in global governance have emerged. These situations have further shaped the plurality of participants and the diversity of mechanisms in global ocean governance. Science and technology innovation and application are prerequisites and prime movers for the evolution of global ocean governance. Major worldwide crises, represented by global climate change and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, have added great uncertainty to the future development of global ocean governance. The divergence of interests and positions between emerging countries and developed countries, as well as the reshaping of the global geopolitical landscape in recent years, has led to the stagnation or deadlock of a series of international negotiations and international cooperation platforms related to global ocean governance. With the deepening of global governance, non-state actors are not only objects of ocean governance but also bearers of legal obligations and enjoy varying degrees of legal rights, participating in agenda setting, rule construction, and monitoring implementation at different levels of ocean governance. From a critical jurisprudence perspective, in the practice of global ocean governance, the relationship between non-governmental organizations, states, and international organizations is more likely to be one of reconciliation than the “state–civil society” dichotomy of moral imagination. This new set of circumstances exposes the divisive and fragmented nature of global ocean governance. This study concludes that the new situation of global ocean governance constitutes a historic opportunity for countries to reexamine the role of the rule of law during the Anthropocene to bridge the fragmentation and gaps in mechanisms and achieve a truly integrated, holistic, and closely nested global ocean governance. The question of how to implement the rule of law requires the introduction of theoretical perspectives such as the Anthropocene, complex systems theory, and the community of a shared future for humanity to undertake a fundamental critical reflection and rethinking of global ocean governance.

The philosophical aspect of world order

Abstract The term ‘world order’ is perhaps the most enticing, consequential and vague concept in the diplomatic lexicon. There are countless scholars, analysts and policy-makers wrestling over its theoretical and practical dimensions. But often taken for granted in these examinations is the philosophical aspect—in other words, those fundamental reflections on the very purpose and nature of order across regional and international systems. Using a historical precedent as an example of this mode of thinking, this article makes the case for why questions related to political philosophy and political theory are essential to abstract and practical considerations of future world order.

Design and characterisation of multi-mode interference reflector lasers for integrated photonics

InAs quantum dot ridge waveguide lasers comprising single-port multi-mode-interference-reflectors (MMIR) and single-cleaved reflectors are designed, fabricated, and characterised, to demonstrate capability for optoelectronic-integrated-circuits. Simulations of an MMIR show high values of fundamental mode reflectivity ( and good selectivity against higher order modes. Deep-etched MMIR lasers fabricated with 0.5 mm long cavities have a threshold current of 24 mA, compared to 75 mA for standard Fabry–Perot cleaved–cleaved FP-RWG lasers of the same length, both at 25 °C, and 56 mA compared to 102 mA at 55 °C. MMIR lasers exhibit stable ground state operation up to 50 °C and show promise as small footprint sources for integrated photonics.

Laser Damage Performance Study of Fundamental Frequency Dielectric Film Optical Elements

In laser application systems, the optical film is one of the most important parts of the system, as well as its weakest link. Its damage performance determines the output characteristics and safety performance of the laser system. This paper focuses on the fundamental frequency reflection of dielectric films used in large high-powered laser devices. The study of the dielectric film’s initial laser damage performance and laser damage growth performance is carried out through laser damage testing and microscopic morphology testing of the damage. The results show two different damage morphologies: type 1 damage (film discoloration damage) and type 2 damage (cratered damage), and the damage growth behavior between the two is very different, with type 1 damage not growing and type 2 damage growing rapidly under subsequent episodes that trigger their damage fluxes. The difference in the growth behavior is well explained by the micro-zone surface shape of the damage location. The results of this paper help to deepen the understanding of the dielectric membrane element processing process and the damage growth behavior.

Optical singularity dynamics and spin-orbit interaction due to a normal-incident optical beam reflected at a plane dielectric interface

The degenerate case of normal incidence and reflection of an optical beam (both paraxial and nonparaxial) at a plane isotropic dielectric interface, which is azimuthally symmetric in terms of the momentum-spatial variation of Fresnel coefficients but not in terms of the fundamental polarization inhomogeneity of the incident field, requires in-depth analyses. In this paper, we use the reflection and transmission coefficient matrix formalism to derive an exact field expression of a normal-reflected diverging beam. The availability of the exact field information allows controlled variations of the system parameters, leading to significant dynamics of phase and polarization singularities hitherto unanticipated in the literature. We carry out a detailed exploration of these dynamics in our simulated system, and also verify them experimentally by using an appropriate setup. We then use Barnett's formalism to determine the associated orbital angular momentum (OAM) fluxes, leading to a subtle interpretation and mathematical characterization of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in the system. Our paper thus represents a nontrivial unification of the most fundamental electromagnetic reflection and transmission problem at a plane dielectric interface and the emerging areas of optical singularity dynamics with their understanding in terms of OAM flux and SOI. The normal-incidence--retroreflection geometry being especially amenable to applications, these beam-field phenomena are anticipated to have applications in interface characterization, particle rotation and manipulation, and other nano-optical processes.

General solution of phase mismatched second harmonic conversion efficiency in periodically poled nonlinear medium

In this work we provide for the first time a novel and more accurate second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency equation for periodically poled nonlinear medium. We believe the equation derived in this work is more useful than equations reported in previous works which are limited because it is considering the case of either nondepleted pump regime or perfect phase matching. The equation derived in this work tackles the general case: depleted pump regime and phase mismatching which makes it important for theoretical – experimental study. We used MgO:PPLN crystal as an example to illustrate SHG conversion efficiency as function of crystal length, laser power density, crystal temperature and beam divergence. We included fundamental and second harmonic waves reflection at entrance and exit surfaces respectively and performed numerical solution using fifth-order Runge-Kutta method. The numerical results show excellent match with analytical results obtained from the derived formula. We compared our theoretical results with experimental results reported in the literature and the comparison shows a good match. Finally, we performed a comparison between depleted and nondepleted pump regime. The results show a difference of 20% between two efficiencies making nondepleted efficiency equation, which used in many theoretical – experimental comparisons, not accurate at high power densities.

Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement: Use-Cases, Impact on Fundamental Rights and Ethical Reflections

Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement: Use-Cases, Impact on Fundamental Rights and Ethical Reflections

(Invited) Achieving High-Power Single-Mode Operation in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Via Scalable, Higher-Order Mode Suppression Techniques

Achieving high-power single-mode operation in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) has received renewed interest because of applications that span facial recognition and 3D imaging in mobile telephones, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) for autonomous vehicles, and Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) for high-speed (>100 Gbps) data transmission within data centers. A key challenge with oxide-confined VCSELs is that the strong refractive index contrast between the oxidized ~AlAs aperture and surrounding AlGaAs layers combined with the oxide aperture size create a photonic cavity that fundamentally supports multiple transverse modes. When the size of the aperture is reduced to create a single-mode cavity, the output power is limited by the electrically pumped gain region within the aperture. There is thus a fundamental trade-off between size and power which manifests itself in a limited capability to simultaneously achieve high power and single mode operation. Various methods have been employed by groups working on VCSELs to overcome this limitation. Neglecting external cavity methods which are fundamentally not scalable, the most promising results have been achieved by groups using etched surface relief where a pattern is etched in the top layer or layers to change the standing wave pattern in the cavity and reduce modal gain by lowering the magnitude of the electric field in regions overlapping with the quantum wells, which provide laser gain. A downside of this approach is that material is removed, impacting the uniformity of current injection across the area of the device. A key question of interest is therefore how to achieve mode suppression in large area devices in a way that does not impact current injection. In this presentation, novel methods for mode control that rely on spatial variation of modal gain across the area of the VCSEL aperture will be discussed, and results on high-power single-mode operations of VCSELs will be presented. Two distinct mode control methods will be reviewed. The first method of mode control uses deposited optical coatings on the top surface of the VCSEL to spatially modify the electric field standing wave in the quantum well heterostructure region. Through patterning the coating in either a pillar or anulus, specific modes can be suppressed by selectively changing the gain available for those modes. These filters have been made using both SiO2/TiO2 stacks and alternatively a single layer of silicon. The capability to pattern these layers in a wafer-scale process makes this method attractive for volume manufacturing. The second method of mode control utilizes impurity-induced layer disordering via patterned diffusion of Zn to selectively intermix Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layers, thereby creating a top laser mirror whose reflectivity varies spatially across the aperture. Designing the diffused region to maximize overlap with high-order modes while minimizing overlap with the fundamental mode provides mode suppression and enhanced single-mode power. An added benefit of this approach is a reduction in resistance through the device top DBR layers brought about by the higher p-doping level in the Zn-diffused regions, minimizing Ohmic losses and heat generation. Through the use of strain control in the diffusion mask, diffusion front shape is also shown to be controllable in a way that can be used to minimize the impact of the diffused region on fundamental mode reflectivity. Tensile and compressive strain of diffusion masks are shown to have differing effects on vertical (into the device) versus lateral (across the area of the device under the mask) diffusion, allowing more precise spatial control of reflectivity. Using these methods, single-mode output powers in excess of 10 mW have been demonstrated, with side-mode suppression ratios in excess of 30 dB. These results will be discussed, as well as further work to enhance VCSEL performance. Figure 1

How context affects transdisciplinary research: insights from Asia, Africa and Latin America

Transdisciplinary research (TDR) has been developed to generate knowledge that effectively fosters the capabilities of various societal actors to realize sustainability transformations. The development of TDR theories, principles, and methods has been largely governed by researchers from the global North and has reflected their contextual conditions. To enable more context-sensitive TDR framing, we sought to identify which contextual characteristics affect the design and implementation of TDR in six case studies in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, and what this means for TDR as a scientific approach. To this end, we distinguished four TDR process elements and identified several associated context dimensions that appeared to influence them. Our analysis showed that contextual characteristics prevalent in many Southern research sites—such as highly volatile socio-political situations and relatively weak support infrastructure—can make TDR a challenging endeavour. However, we also observed a high degree of variation in the contextual characteristics of our sites in the global South, including regarding group deliberation, research freedom, and dominant perceptions of the appropriate relationship between science, society, and policy. We argue that TDR in these contexts requires pragmatic adaptations as well as more fundamental reflection on underlying epistemological concepts around what it means to conduct “good science”, as certain contextual characteristics may influence core epistemological values of TDR.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and photoluminescence of the new nitridoboroaluminosilicate phosphor (Sr0.93Eu0.07)11B2(Al0.275Si0.725)40N59

Single crystals of a new nitride, (Sr0.93Eu0.07)11B2(Al0.275Si0.725)40N59, were synthesized by heating a mixture of binary nitride powders at 2030 ​°C under nitrogen gas at 0.85 ​MPa. The fundamental X-ray diffraction reflections from a single crystal were indexed with the monoclinic cell parameters a ​= ​5.6836(4) Å, b ​= ​46.772(3) Å, c ​= ​5.6845(4) Å, and β = 118.028(2)° and diffuse streaks were observed between the reflections. The crystal structure was analyzed based on a statistical average structural model with space group Cm. The structure was determined to comprise (Al/Si)N4 tetrahedra and BN3 planar triangles forming a three-dimensional framework by sharing nitrogen atoms with Sr/Eu atoms located in the cage portions of the framework. Stacking faults in the b-axis direction and disordered atomic arrangements along the [1 0 1] direction on the a-c plane were observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. These single crystal grains were found to emit red light when irradiated with near ultraviolet or blue light, with a maximum emission wavelength of 616 ​nm and a full width at half-maximum value of 106 ​nm in response to 450 ​nm light.

The Brazilian soil Mid-infrared Spectral Library: The Power of the Fundamental Range

Brazil plays an important role in global agricultural production and environmental politics, and thus a national spectral library can bring light to new initiatives on soil monitoring. The middle infrared spectral range (MIR, 4000–600 cm−1) includes the fundamental reflectance of soil organic and mineral components and thus can bring important information on soil characterization. This work aimed to build a national soil spectral library from the MIR, relate its descriptive and quantitative potential to soil assessment. We characterized up to 4309 soil samples from different depths (0–20, 40–60, 80–100, and 100–120 cm) including particle size distribution and chemical analyses (2963–4309 samples), and mineralogical analyses (278–861 samples). Unsupervised classification distinguished five soil spectra classes with distinct absorption shapes and features. The modeling results showed that MIR can accurately predict soil physicochemical attributes and revealed a strong association with environmental and geographical variables. There were no significant differences between raw and preprocessed MIR spectral data in predicting soil attributes. In general, local spectral models presented better results than national ones, as expected. Consistent results were achieved for several soil attributes, such as mineralogy (R2 = 0.68–0.87), clay fraction (R2 = 0.55–0.91), organic carbon (R2 = 0.77–0.94), and base saturation (R2 = 0.68–0.87). It was possible to create a MIR spectral classification based only on the spectra and assess its relation with environmental and geographical variables. The information generated in this work may be the basis for future research as MIR spectra contain fundamental soil signatures that can be practically used for agronomic and environmental decisions.

A study of order-disorder phase transformation in Ag50Pd50 alloy

In this study, the structure of Ag50Pd50 alloy was investigated with temperature dependent in-situ X-ray diffraction, residual resistometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. Isochronal annealing experiment was performed to determine the impact of ordering on the residual electrical resistivity. The residual resistivity curve shows a sharp minimum near 250 °C indicating the on-set of ordering. The in-situ X-ray diffraction data taken for a well annealed sample shows no super lattice reflections over the investigated temperature range but the lattice parameter determined from this data shows an abrupt decrease in its value at 250 °C showing an order-disorder phase transformation (ODPT). The diffraction pattern of a sample annealed at 230 °C shows splitting of the high angle 511 fundamental reflection due to the tetragonal distortion. The peak intensity and c/a ratios are found to be 1:1.94 and 1.0028, respectively. A similar phase change was also observed during a DSC experiment around 250 °C on this alloy. The existence of these anomalies may be attributed to L1o - FCC type order-disorder phase transformation at this temperature.

Gender identity: Deconstructions and reconstructions for approaches in health / Identidade de gênero: Desconstruções e reconstruções para abordagens na saúde

Objective: to elucidate publications and indicate reflections that describe and discuss the "state of the art", involving trans people and important agendas of the transsexualization process in health. Method: narrative review, with literature published in books and scientific evidence, as well as information on bills, resolutions and decrees, with reflections on the main historical perspectives, epistemological and contemporary aspects involving transgender people. Development: gender identity contemplates the essentialist, constructivist and post-structuralist perspective. In the post-structuralist perspective, gender would be a mechanism through which the notions of masculine and feminine are built, to be a woman is to become a woman insofar as the body is forced to correspond to a historical model of woman, materializing itself even within certain conditions, limits and possibilities delimited by culture. Over the decades, some rights have been achieved with the emergence of new forms of recognition of different gender identities. In the United States, in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, one of the “Gender Not Listed Here” questions is already being considered. In Germany, the option "diverse" as a gender category, in certificates and other documents, is already part of the routine, including highlighting that binary designations would be discriminatory and violate guarantees of individual freedom. In Austria, for example, there is the option to register as a non-binary person since 2018, through the European Convention on Human Rights. In Japan, the gender considered X refers to a non-binary identity, known as an alternative to man and to woman. In Australia, the option of gender, in the passport, has already made possible some alternatives since 2003. In Brazil, some advances in ensuring respect for the gender identity of trans people can be highlighted. In 2018, a decision of the Federal Supreme Court authorized the change of the civil registry name and biological sex, without the need for surgery or a psychiatric report, dispensing with the opening of legal proceedings, and the procedure can be carried out directly at the notary's office. Science-based health is also a relevant issue and over the past 10 years, health research involving gender identity has increased significantly. This is inevitably reflected in care protocols, materials provided by the SUS, consensus and clinical guidelines. There are important data on the cardiometabolic vulnerability of the trans population, dermatoses, bone susceptibility, among other demands, due to hormone. In addition, health professionals, in most cases, are not trained with this type of content and the situation follows a vicious cycle. Final considerations: it is interesting to note how access to healthcare technologies, such as transgenitalization surgery or hormone, influence transgender identities, research about the construction of political identities, movements, highlighting the influence of social indicators of class and generation in the conflicts related to the identities of the transsexual woman and the non-binary trans. The text brings fundamental reflections and allows health professionals to acquire and update their knowledge on this topic in a short period of time.