Fundamental Objects Research Articles

O papel das incubadoras sociais para a promoção da educação popular: uma revisão sistemática de literatura

As incubadoras tecnológicas de empreendimentos sociais e solidários são espaços de socialização dos conhecimentos produzidos entre o ensino-pesquisa-extensão nas universidades brasileiras. Estas incubadoras tem como princípio a melhoria da qualidade de vida de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como as incubadoras sociais contribuem para as qualificações transformadoras de grupos sociais – como a educação popular ou a economia solidária. O estudo teve como metodologia a abordagem de revisão sistemática, descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica na base de dados Scielo e Emerald. Foram coletados 48 artigos. Destaca-se nos resultados que não houve artigos com interfaces nas duas temáticas (incubadoras sociais e educação popular). Entretanto como discussões, a economia solidária é explicitamente o objeto fundamental de um processo educativo, pautado pela educação popular. As interconexões das pessoas no ambiente das incubadoras sociais vêm desvendando noções práticas de desenvolvimento político-social regional.

FIELD ORGANIZATION OF CONCERTS “WAR” AND “PEACE” IN THE MODERN LINGUISTIC WORLD VIEW

Nowadays anthropocentric approach is widely used in the study of national culture in the Russian and foreign linguistics. It proves the emergence of linguistic and cultural trends in modern science, in which there is an interest in the issues of conceptualization and linguistic world view. Linguistic world view is a fundamental object of many modern scientists’ research, which is a complex process, the study of which is dictated by the development of linguistics and its individual areas in particular linguoculturology. The concept as a carrier of cultural information of a particular nation and an integral component of the national conceptual sphere unites the whole range of conceptual concepts and scientific views. The concept is a conceptual formation containing individual judgments and generally recognized standard values, i.e. the possible conceptual content of the object study or a linguistic phenomenon. The article considers the main results of the comparative study of the concepts “war” and “peace” and their representation in the linguistic world view of the Russian, English and Japanese languages. The result of the study of these concepts is the modeling of their field organization in the form of verbal and graphical representations, i.e. the content of concepts in the form of their field structures. This modeling allows us to confirm that the field organization of concepts in the implementation of their comparative analysis reveals the relationship of language with the existing reality, as well as reveals the national and specific characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic group. The respondents’ reactions to the concepts “war” and “peace” directly depend on their linguistic identity and the type of culture they belong to. The modeling of the field organization provides a complete picture of the national and specific nature of the concepts. It is the concept “war” rather than “peace” that has a higher level of frequency and expressiveness in the native speakers’ minds of all three analyzed languages, that is not surprising, since respondents regardless of their cultural differences constantly face the outside world phenomena and experience the same basic emotions.

Leveraging Social Business in Public Private Partnership for Sustainable Rural Health Care: A Proposed Conceptual Model

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework that will assess the scope of social business to collaborate with government through Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the rural health care system. Design/methodology/approach: This work is a conceptual paper. The study is mainly qualitative in nature which followed systematic literature review including grey literature and developed a conceptual framework on PPP theory for Social Business. Apart from using secondary data, the research is also based on personal observation through visiting different rural part of the country. Findings: The conceptual framework of this paper provides a greater prospect of access to the rural health care through a Social Business-PPP project while indicating the determinants that integrate demand and supply-side-factors all along the process of obtaining health care and benefiting from the services. Limitations: This is a theoretical paper where the validity of the conceptual model can be established by testing the research proposition. Implications: Improving the health and longevity is not only a part of development goals, but also a fundamental object to achieve the economic progress of a nation. Therefore, health care must be addressed in any comprehensive development strategy for a country. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries which has given special attention on its health care policy, but it has failed to improve the health care system significantly especially for the rural people. Similar to many developing countries, majority of the population in Bangladesh lives in rural areas; but they lack the basic public health infrastructure and quality service at an affordable cost. The deficiencies of the public health sector have forced the poor people to seek health services from the private sector which are better equipped but mostly are driven by profit motives and also unregulated. On the other hand, NGOs working in rural health sector have limited coverage and also subject to the availability of foreign aid or donor’s fund. Given the inefficiencies and lack of existing players in country’s health care sectors, Social Business can be a straightforward solution to address the growing rural public health issue. Social Business, introduced by Professor Muhammad Yunus in 2007, is a competitive business model which is formed with the aim of solving a social problem faced by the poor ensuring adequate profit generation for the sustainability of the firm. As the target group of social business is poor people, operational activities is mainly based on rural areas and is financially self-sustainable, therefore it can be an instrumental factor for the development of the health care system in rural area. In addition, a partnership with government can strengthen the health care activities towards fulfilling the basic health care needs of the poor people. And ultimately, this Public-Private Partnership (PPP) between government and social business firm would make the health care more accessible and affordable to the poor people mostly living in rural area. Contribution: This would bring a greater understanding of the role of ‘Social Business’ in the business of providing health care to disadvantaged populations. Moreover, our conceptual framework is to guide the discourse and decision making by communities, clinicians, managers and policy makers, with a focus on health care system around the world where rural and poor people are expected to have greater and improved healthcare facilities.

Shifts of finite type as fundamental objects in the theory of shadowing

Shifts of finite type and the notion of shadowing, or pseudo-orbit tracing, are powerful tools in the study of dynamical systems. In this paper we prove that there is a deep and fundamental relationship between these two concepts. Let X be a compact totally disconnected space and f:Xrightarrow X a continuous map. We demonstrate that f has shadowing if and only if the system (f,X) is (conjugate to) the inverse limit of a directed system satisfying the Mittag-Leffler condition and consisting of shifts of finite type. In particular, this implies that, in the case that X is the Cantor set, f has shadowing if and only if (f, X) is the inverse limit of a sequence satisfying the Mittag-Leffler condition and consisting of shifts of finite type. Moreover, in the general compact metric case, where X is not necessarily totally disconnected, we prove that f has shadowing if (f,X) is a factor of the inverse limit of a sequence satisfying the Mittag-Leffler condition and consisting of shifts of finite type by a quotient that almost lifts pseudo-orbits.

Monoidal structures on the categories of quadratic data

The notion of 2--monoidal category used here was introduced by B. Vallette in 2007 for applications in the operadic context. The starting point for this article was a remark by Yu. Manin that in the category of quadratic algebras (that is, "quantum linear spaces") one can also define 2--monoidal structure(s) with rather unusual properties. Here we give a detailed exposition of these constructions, together with their generalisations to the case of quadratic operads. Their parallel exposition was motivated by the following remark. Several important operads/cooperads such as genus zero quantum cohomology operad, the operad classifying Gerstenhaber algebras, and more generally, (co)operads of homology/cohomology of some topological operads, start with collections of quadratic algebras/coalgebras rather than simply linear spaces. Suggested here enrichments of the categories to which components of these operads belong, as well of the operadic structures themselves, might lead to the better understanding of these fundamental objects. New version includes minor editorial changes and new references.

Abordaje Triangular. Estudio crítico

En el ensayo se expone una síntesis de un estudio crítico sobre el Abordaje Triangular, resultado de una investigación bibliográfica de carácter cualitativo, cuyo objeto de estudio fundamental lo constituyó la producción teórica de Ana Mae Barbosa sobre la enseñanza de las artes visuales en el contexto escolar. A modo de introducción se sintetizan los problemas concretos que afrontaba la educación artística en el Brasil de la década del ochenta del siglo XX, de los que partió la autora para proponer su concepción de enseñanza de arte. A seguidas se ofrecen consideraciones teóricas sobre los principales aspectos conceptuales del Abordaje Triangular, tales como: alfabetización visual, creación basada en la relectura visual, contextualización, lectura de la obra de arte. La revisión crítica de las ideas de la autora permite concluir que su concepción epistemológica de la arte-educación sigue siendo un estímulo a la reflexión, y admite ser actualizada, ampliada y profundizada con base en las propias intuiciones teóricas de la autora.

Retrieval of Video Contents based on Deep Parameter Analysis using Machine Learning

In the recent past, video content-based communication hasincreases with a significant consumption of space and time complexity.The introduction of the data is exceedingly improved in video information as the video information incorporates visual and sound data. The mix of these two kinds of information for a single data portrayal is exceedingly compelling as the broad media substance can make an ever-increasing number of effects on the human cerebrum. Thus, most of the substance for training or business or restorative area are video-based substances. This development in video information have impacted a significant number of the professional to fabricate and populate video content library for their use. Hence, retrieval of the accurate video data is the prime task for all video content management frameworks. A good number of researches are been carried out in the field of video retrieval using various methods. Most of the parallel research outcomes have focused on content retrieval based on object classification for the video frames and further matching the object information with other video contents based on the similar information. This method is highly criticised and continuously improving as the method solely relies on fundamental object detection and classification using the preliminary characteristics. These characteristics are primarily depending on shape or colour or area of the objects and cannot be accurate for detection of similarities. Hence, this work proposes, a novel method for similarity-based retrieval of video contents using deep characteristics. The work majorly focuses on extraction of moving objects, static objects separation, motion vector analysis of the moving objects and the traditional parameters as area from the video contents and further perform matching for retrieval or extraction of the video data. The proposed novel algorithm for content retrieval demonstrates 98% accuracy with 90% reduction in time complexity.

Geometry of the Parameter Space of a Quantum System: Classical Point of View

AbstractThe local geometry of the parameter space of a quantum system is described by the quantum metric tensor and the Berry curvature, which are two fundamental objects that play a crucial role in understanding geometrical aspects of condensed matter physics. Classical integrable systems are considered and a new approach is reported to obtain the classical analogs of the quantum metric tensor and the Berry curvature. An advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to a wide variety of classical systems corresponding to quantum systems with bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. The approach used arises from the semiclassical approximation of the Berry curvature and the quantum metric tensor in the Lagrangian formalism. This semiclassical approximation is exploited to establish, for the first time, the relation between the quantum metric tensor and its classical counterpart. The approach described is illustrated and validated by applying it to five systems: the generalized harmonic oscillator, the symmetric and linearly coupled harmonic oscillators, the singular Euclidean oscillator, and a spin‐half particle in a magnetic field. Finally, some potential applications of this approach and possible generalizations that can be of interest in the field of condensed matter physics are mentioned.

Pairs of eta-quotients with dual weights and their applications

Let D be the differential operator defined by D:=12πiddz. This induces a map Dk+1:M−k!(Γ0(N))→Mk+2!(Γ0(N)), where Mk!(Γ0(N)) is the space of weakly holomorphic modular forms of weight k on Γ0(N). The operator Dk+1 plays important roles in the theory of Eichler-Shimura cohomology and harmonic weak Maass forms. On the other hand, eta-quotients are fundamental objects in the theory of modular forms and partition functions. In this paper, we show that the structure of eta-quotients is very rarely preserved under the map Dk+1 between dual spaces M−k!(Γ0(N)) and Mk+2!(Γ0(N)). More precisely, we classify dual pairs (f,Dk+1f) under the map Dk+1 such that f is an eta-quotient and Dk+1f is a non-zero constant multiple of an eta-quotient. When the levels are square-free, we give the complete classification of such pairs. In general, we find a necessary condition for such pairs: the weight of the primitive eta-quotient f(z)=η(di1z)b1⋯η(ditz)bt is less than or equal to 4 and every prime divisor of each di is less than 11. We also give various applications of these classifications. In particular, we find all eta-quotients of weight 2 and square-free level N such that they are in the Eisenstein space for Γ0(N). To prove our main theorems, we use various combinatorial properties of a Latin square matrix whose rows and columns are exactly divisors of N.

Bayesian Causality

Although no universally accepted definition of causality exists, in practice one is often faced with the question of statistically assessing causal relationships in different settings. We present a uniform general approach to causality problems derived from the axiomatic foundations of the Bayesian statistical framework. In this approach, causality statements are viewed as hypotheses, or models, about the world and the fundamental object to be computed is the posterior distribution of the causal hypotheses, given the data and the background knowledge. Computation of the posterior, illustrated here in simple examples, may involve complex probabilistic modeling but this is no different than in any other Bayesian modeling situation. The main advantage of the approach is its connection to the axiomatic foundations of the Bayesian framework, and the general uniformity with which it can be applied to a variety of causality settings, ranging from specific to general cases, or from causes of effects to effects of causes.

Smallest eigenvalue of large Hankel matrices at critical point: Comparing conjecture with parallelised computation

We propose a novel parallel numerical algorithm for calculating the smallest eigenvalues of highly ill-conditioned Hankel matrices. It is based on the LDLT decomposition and involves finding a k × k sub-matrix of the inverse of the original N × N Hankel matrix HN−1. The computation involves extremely high precision arithmetic, message passing interface, and shared memory parallelisation. We demonstrate that this approach achieves good scalability on a high performance computing cluster (HPCC) which constitutes a major improvement of the earlier approaches. We use this method to study a family of Hankel matrices generated by the weight w(x)=e−xβ, supported on [0, ∞) and β > 0. Such weight generates a Hankel determinant, a fundamental object in random matrix theory. In the situation where β > 1/2, the smallest eigenvalue tends to 0 exponentially fast. If β < 1/2, which is the situation where the classical moment problem is indeterminate, then the smallest eigenvalue is bounded from below by a positive number. If β=1/2, it is conjectured that the smallest eigenvalue tends to 0 algebraically, with a precise exponent. The algorithm run on the HPCC producing a fantastic match between the theoretical value of 2/π and the numerical result.

Il treno, oggetto e soggetto della modernità

The train, an object and a subject of modernity. Among the objects that play a fundamental role in our life experience the train stands out, having played a fundamental role in the human experience since the second half of the 19th century. The railway was a big player in the industrial development of western society and of some of the biggest transformations in daily life. It has profoundly entered into the experience of everyone, given its enormous influence in modernity. The train was the protagonist of the transformation of medieval cities into modern metropolises, of the reconfiguration of the social perception of time and space and of the development of industrial design. Most of all, the train has a very strong symbolic power and a central role in the social imaginery, having been the catalyst for the myth of speed. It is our intention to question the development of the railway with the eyes of phenomenological sociology, bringing out its role as a subject, as well as a fundamental object, of the human experience of modernity.

Group Decision Diagram (GDD): A Compact Representation for Permutations

Permutation is a fundamental combinatorial object appeared in various areas in mathematics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. In some applications, a subset of a permutation group must be maintained efficiently. In this study, we develop a new data structure, called group decision diagram (GDD), to maintain a set of permutations. This data structure combines the zero-suppressed binary decision diagram with the computable subgroup chain of the permutation group. The data structure enables efficient operations, such as membership testing, set operations (e.g., union, intersection, and difference), and Cartesian product. Our experiments demonstrate that the data structure is efficient (i.e., 20–300 times faster) than the existing methods when the permutation group is considerably smaller than the symmetric group, or only subsets constructed by a few operations over generators are maintained.

ON STABILITY OF PHYSICALLY REASONABLE SOLUTIONS TO THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS

AbstractThe flow past an obstacle is a fundamental object in fluid mechanics. In 1967 Finn and Smith proved the unique existence of stationary solutions, called the physically reasonable solutions, to the Navier–Stokes equations in a two-dimensional exterior domain modeling this type of flows when the Reynolds number is sufficiently small. The asymptotic behavior of their solution at spatial infinity has been studied in detail and well understood by now, while its stability has remained open due to the difficulty specific to the two-dimensionality. In this paper, we prove that the physically reasonable solutions constructed by Finn and Smith are asymptotically stable with respect to small and well-localized initial perturbations.

The statistical physics of cities

Challenges due to the rapid urbanization of the world -- especially in emerging countries -- range from an increasing dependence on energy, to air pollution, socio-spatial inequalities, environmental and sustainability issues. Modelling the structure and evolution of cities is therefore critical because policy makers need robust theories and new paradigms for mitigating these problems. Fortunately, the increased data available about urban systems opens the possibility of constructing a quantitative 'science of cities', with the aim of identifying and modelling essential phenomena. Statistical physics plays a major role in this effort by bringing tools and concepts able to bridge theory and empirical results. This article illustrates this point by focusing on fundamental objects in cities: the distribution of the urban population; segregation phenomena and spin-like models; the polycentric transition of the activity organization; energy considerations about mobility and models inspired by gravity and radiation concepts; CO2 emitted by transport; and finally, scaling that describes how various socio-economical and infrastructures evolve when cities grow.

Um diplomata-curador para um palácio-museu

A relação entre a arte e arquitetura, a chamada síntese das artes, será uma das características da arquitetura moderna brasileira como elemento de projeto – materializado em painéis, murais esculturas e jardins – tanto no interior de edifícios quanto em suas fachadas e em espaços públicos. A cidade de Brasília tem na relação das obras de arte integradas uma tônica fundamental para a constituição da imagem da cidade. Ao se analisar a atuação dos artistas na construção da cidade de Brasília, a partir dos anos 1950, predomina a presença de obras a partir de um circuito de profissionais envolvidos bastante limitado, em relação direta ao meio de arquitetura moderna carioca, principalmente o de Oscar Niemeyer.&#x0D; É em contraposição a essa pretendida síntese das artes ancorada em um único grupo que surge o Palácio Itamaraty. A partir deste objeto peculiar, esta pesquisa irá debater a ação do diplomata Wladimir Murtinho e a escolha das obras de arte integradas no Palácio em Brasília, desafiando a visão dominante de um único movimento de arte e arquitetura representativos do moderno nacional.

Quasilinear convexity and quasilinear stars in the ray space of a supertropical quadratic form

Relying on rays, we search for submodules of a module V over a supertropical semiring on which a given anisotropic quadratic form is quasilinear. Rays are classes of a certain equivalence relation on V, that carry a notion of convexity, which is consistent with quasilinearity. A criterion for quasilinearity is specified by a Cauchy-Schwartz ratio which paves the way to a convex geometry on , supported by a ‘supertropical trigonometry’. Employing a (partial) quasiordering on , this approach allows for producing convex quasilinear sets of rays, as well as paths, which contain a given quasilinear set in a systematic way. Minimal paths are endowed with a surprisingly rich combinatorial structure, delivered to the graph determined by pairs of quasilinear rays – apparently a fundamental object in the theory of supertropical quadratic forms.

Stochastic Evolutionary Dynamics: A Graphical Reformulation of Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) Analysis

We propose a novel graph-based reformulation for the concept of evolutionarily stable strategies. Evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) analysis cannot always explain the long-term behavior of a natural selection-mutation process. Stochastic stability is a more general analysis tool as compared to ESS analysis because it can precisely characterize long-term stochastic behavior. However, one of the reasons why ESS analysis is still widely popular is its computational simplicity. Our objective is to provide a balance between the convenience of ESS analysis and the generality of stochastic stability. The fundamental object in our development is the transitive stability (TS) graph of an evolutionary process. From the TS-graph, we show that we can efficiently compute the smallest set of strategies that always contains the stochastically stable strategies (SSS) for a particular class of evolutionary processes. In particular, we prove that each terminal class of the TS-graph is potentially a stochastically stable group of strategies. In case there is a unique terminal class, then it corresponds exactly to the set of SSS. In case there are multiple terminal classes, then these contain the set of possible SSS, and we show that a unique determination is impossible without higher order analysis.

Lattice Point and Its Application in RSA Cryptosystem

Recently calculating the number of lattice points which is an open issue in higher dimension space is appeared. Considering a structure in higher dimension that is practical or aesthetic will be the reason for counting lattice points. Our fundamental object is to present a strategy which counts or at least to estimate how many lattice points on a polytope P in four-dimensional that makes the inconvenience of factorizing the product of the form p.q, with p and q substantial primes easy to compute, this would broke RSA cryptosystem. These approaches depend on finding the lattice point’s numbers of of 4-dimensional polytope that is approximate to the number of four dimensional balls, using the properties of the Ehrhart polynomial for a 4-polytope and the cross product of two polytopes. Results are obtained for N = pq and the factorizing of it. Two methodologies are utilized one of them is presented now and the other is in work.

Effects of linear Zeeman splitting on the dynamics of bright solitons in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Solitons as self-supported solitary waves are one of the most fundamental objects in nonlinear science. With the realization of Bose-Einstein condensate, matter-wave solitons have aroused enormous interest due to their potential applications in atomic transport and atomic interferometer. In recent years, the artificial spin-orbit coupling has been realized in ultracold atoms, thus providing a new platform to study the nonlinear matter wave solitons under a gauge field, and a variety of novel soliton phenomena have been successively predicted. In this paper, we analyze the effects of linear Zeeman splitting on the dynamics of bright-bright solitons in spin-orbit coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensate, via the variational approximation and the numerical simulation of Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations. For the SU(2) spin-rotational invariant attractive atomic interaction in a uniform case without external trap, we take a hyperbolic secant function as the variational Ansatz for bright soliton in variational approximation, and derive the Euler-Lagrange equations describing the evolution of the Ansatz parameters. By solving the time-independent Euler-Lagrange equations, we find two stationary solitons each with a finite momentum for a weak spin-orbit coupling due to the linear Zeeman splitting. Linearizing the Euler-Lagrange equations around these stationary solitons, we further obtain a zero-energy Goldstone mode and an oscillation mode with frequency related to linear Zeeman splitting: the former indicates that the continuous translational symmetry of the stationary solitons will be broken under a perturbation, and the later shows that the stationary solitons will oscillate under a perturbation. Furthermore, by solving the time-dependent Euler-Lagrange equations, we also obtain the exact full dynamical solutions of Ansatz parameters, and observe that the linear Zeeman splitting affects the period and velocity of soliton's oscillation and linear motion, which may provide a new method to control the dynamics of solitons. All the variational calculations are also confirmed directly by the numerical simulation of GP equations.